Genetic Recombinaton

Question 1

3 pathways of genetic recombination

Answer 1

1. transformation
2. transduction
3. conjugation

Question 2

transformation

Answer 2

uptake of plasmid or nucleoid DNA from environment

Question 3

natural transformation

Answer 3

Griffith
S form has capsule; disease causing; virulent
R form does not have capsule
S form releases transforming factor (DNA) into environment
R form takes up DNA with capsule gene and is transformed into S form

Question 4

artificial transformation

Answer 4

used for research

Question 5

transduction

Answer 5

bacteriophage virus transfers viral and/or bacterial DNA from 1 host cell to another

Question 6

2 forms of transduction

Answer 6

1. generalized

2. specialized

Question 7

generalized transduction

Answer 7

virus invades host

lytic cycle

Question 8

lytic cycle

Answer 8

viral reproduction destroys host

Question 9

specialized transduction

Answer 9

lysogenic cycle

Question 10

lysogenic cycle

Answer 10

viral DNA (with toxin) inserts in to host DNA, host lives
virus replicates with host DNA, all new cells contain virus
virus eventually reenters lytic cycle and kills host

Question 11

conjugation

Answer 11

Lederburg and Tatum
plasmid DNA transferred directly between mating types
F cell and Hfr cell

Question 12

F cell

Answer 12

contains fertility plasmid
functions as sex factor and forms pious
recipient cell becomes F cell and can now donate F plasmid to other cells

Question 13

Hfr cell

Answer 13

high frequency of recombination
plasmid inserts into nucleoid and replicated
recipient cell not converted to Hfr