Protein synthesis

Question 1

Transcription

Answer 1

The process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA.

Question 2

Translation

Answer 2

The process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA.

Question 3

Exon

Answer 3

Coding section in eukaryotes.

Question 4

Intron

Answer 4

Non coding section in eukaryotes.

Question 5

mRNA

Answer 5

Messenger RNA. It acts as a messenger to the cell’s machinery that makes proteins, giving instructions for what proteins to make and how to make them.

Question 6

tRNA

Answer 6

Transport RNA. The tRNA has an anti-codon that is complementary to the mRNA’s codon (sequence of 3 bases).

Question 7

rRNA

Answer 7

Ribosomal RNA are the subunits on a ribosome. They catalyse the peptide bond formation.

Question 8

Ribosome

Answer 8

A ribosome is the cellular machinery responsible for making proteins. There are many ribosomes in each cell, each made up of two subunits.

Question 9

RNA polymerase

Answer 9

Separates the DNA strands, producing a single DNA template for transcription.

Question 10

Gene

Answer 10

A base sequence of DNA that codes for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide or a functional RNA molecule

Question 11

Template strand

Answer 11

The strand that is used during transcription to produce RNA

Question 12

Codon

Answer 12

A DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides

Question 13

Anticodon

Answer 13

nn