Cell division

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

The part of the cell cycle in which a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two daughter cells, each with the identical copies of DNA produced by the parent cell during DNA replication.

Question 2

Meiosis

Answer 2

A type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half, producing four genetically unique haploid gametes (sex cells) for sexual reproduction.

Question 3

Interphase

Answer 3

The first stage of the cell cycle, during which the cell grows and replicates its DNA in preparation for division

Question 4

Prophase

Answer 4

The nuclear envelope dissapears and the chromosomes condense from chromatin by twisting into each other.

Question 5

Metaphase

Answer 5

Chromosomes move to the equator of spindleand each chromatid is attached to a spindle by the centromere.

Question 6

Anaphase

Answer 6

The centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell and the spindle fibres are shortened.

Question 7

Telophase

Answer 7

Nuclear envelope reforms and the cleavage begins (cell membrane forming to complete 2 cells)

Question 8

Cytokinesis

Answer 8

The cytoplasm divides surrounded by the cell membrane and 2 new daughter cells are separated and are genetically identical.

Question 9

Diploid

Answer 9

Total number of chromosomes in sexually reproducing organisms.

Question 10

Haploid

Answer 10

Number of chromosomes in one complete set of gametes.

Question 11

Homologous pairs

Answer 11

Each have the same genes in the same order, but there may be variation between them, resulting in different alleles.

Question 12

Gamete

Answer 12

Sex calls which are haploid so they contain half the number of chromosomes as the rest of the cell.

Question 13

Chiasmata

Answer 13

The point of contact between two non-sister chromatids belonging to homologous chromosomes.