Carbohydrates Flashcards
Monosaccharides
The basic unit of carbohydrate
Monomer
One/ any molecule
Disaccharide
Condensation of 2 monosaccharides
Condensation reaction
A condensation reaction is when monomers form a polymer.
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is a reaction that breaks down molecules by the addition of a water molecule.
Soluble
Soluble refers to a substance that can dissolve in a solvent.
Benedict’s reagent
Benedict’s reagent detects reducing sugars, changing from blue to brick red.
Sucrose
Sucrose is formed from a condensation reaction between glucose and fructose.
Deoxyribose
Deoxyribose is a pentose biological molecule that makes up deoxyribonucleic acid.
Hexose
A hexose is a monosaccharide containing 6 carbon atoms.
Ribose
Ribose is a sugar that forms the backbone of ribonucleic acid.
Glyceraldehyde
Glyceraldehyde is a triose monosaccharide with the chemical formula C3H6O3, formed as an intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism.
Amylose
A form of starch, consisting of long unbranched polysaccharide chains
Amylopectin
A form of starch. Consisting of branched polysaccharide chains
Starch
Carbohydrate with numerous glucose joined by a glycosidic bond
Glycogen
Branched polysaccharide that is the main storage form of glucose in animals and humans
Cross linkage
The forming of cross-links between the joining structures
Hydrogen bond
Electromagnetic attraction by partially positive and negative hydrogen atoms
Microfibrils
Consisting of glycoproteins and cellulose. Maintains the structure of tissues and extracellular growth
Cellulose
Provides fibre to regulate digesting and maintain a healthy gut. Cellulose is the main substance in plant cells which helps them remain stiff and upright
Beta glucose
Beta is an isomer. In beta glucose, the -OH group is positioned on the opposite side of the CH₂OH group.
High tensile strength
The maximum stress that can be applied to it before it breaks
