Protein Synthesis

Question 1

The Process of Protein Synthesis

Answer 1

Protein Synthesis takes place in three stages

Question 2

Transcription- Formation of Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 2

Double Helix DNA unwinds
Weak Hydrogen Bonds of DNA break
Forming two single strands of DNA
One strand acts as a template
To form a complementary strand which is mRNA
Using free RNA Nucleotides from the Nucleoplasm
This process is called Transcription
Three adjacent bases on mRNA make up a codon
Which codes for an amino acid

Question 3

Movement of mRNA out of the nucleus

Answer 3

mRNA moves out of the nucleus
Through the Nuclear Pore
Into the Cytoplasm
Where it attaches to the Ribosome

Question 4

Translation- Using information from mRNA to form a protein

Answer 4

According to the codons of mRNA
tRNA molecules with matching/ complementary anticodons
Bring the required amino acids to the ribosome
The amino acids link together by a peptide bond
To form the required protein
This process is called Translation

Question 5

The Genetic Code

Answer 5

The sequence of Nitrogenous Bases on DNA determines the sequence of bases on mRNA
The sequence of bases on mRNA determines the order in which the tRNAs are going to combine
The sequence in which the amino acids combine determines which protein is going to be formed
We therefore say that DNA carries the genetic code to determine which protein is going to be formed