DNA-The Code Of Life

Question 1

Structure of nucleus

Answer 1

A nuclear membrane (Double)
Pores on its walls
The Nucleoplasm contains free nucleotide bases.
Nucleolus manufactures and contains ribosomal RNA.
Chromatin Network contains DNA. (Unwinds to form chromosomes)

Question 2

Structure of Nucleic Acid

Answer 2

Both DNA and RNA are known as Nucleic Acid
Nucleic Acids are made up of a number of smaller nits or monomers called Nucleotides
Each Nucleotide is made up of - A Nitrogenous Base, A Sugar Portion ( Deoxyribose in DNA and Ribose in RNA )
A Phosphate portion (P)

Question 3

Location of DNA

Answer 3

The DNA within the nucleus is called Nuclear DNA

Question 4

Types of DNA

Answer 4

Nuclear DNA in the Nucleus
Mitochondrial DNA (mitDNA) in the Mitochondrion
Chloroplastic DNA in the Chloroplast

Question 5

Functions of DNA

Answer 5

Nuclear DNA controls the manufacture of proteins
Nuclear DNA transmits hereditary characteristics from parent to offspring

Question 6

Structure of DNA

Answer 6

2 Groups of Nitrogenous Bases- Purines and Pyramidines
The Purines are Adenine and Guanine
The Pyramidines are Cytosine and Thymine
Cytosine pairs off with Guanine
Adenine pairs off Thymine
These are known as Complementary Base Pairs
The Nitrogenous bases are held together by Weak Hydrogen Bonds
This ladder-like DNA molecule twists so that one strand coils around the other forming a double helix

Question 7

Genes and Non-Coding DNA

Answer 7

Small portions of DNA are called genes
most secretions of DNA do not carry any codes at all
Such portions of DNA are called Non-Coding DNA