Protein Flashcards
It is a large biological molecule
made of many amino acids linked together
through amide (peptide) bonds.
Proteins
the second most abundant substances in nearly all cells (15% of cell’s overall mass)
Proteins
4 elements in protein
element of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
nitrogen
how many amino acid residue are at least present in a protein
40 amino acids
how many amino acid residues are common in protein
400-500
how many small proteins contains?
40-100 amino acid residue
a protein in which only one
peptide chain is present
monomeric protein
a protein in which more than
one peptide chain is present
(insulin)
multimeric protein
protein subunits are ___
peptide chains present in
multimeric proteins
two types of protein chem comopistion
simple and conjugated protein
it is a protein that has one or
more non-amino-acid entities
present
conjugated protein
is a protein in which only
amino acid residues are
present
simple protein
a non-amino-acid group present in a
conjugated protein is called
prosthetic group
the sequence in which its amino
acids are lined up and connected by peptide bonds
Primary Protein Structure
(also called N-terminal amino acid, the one with the free -NH3+) on the LEFT
amino-terminal amino acid
(also called the C-terminal amino acid, the
one with the free -COO-) on the RIGHT
carboxyl-terminal amino acid group
true or false
So crucial is primary structure to function—no matter how big the
protein—that the change of only one amino acid can sometimes drastically alter a protein’s biological properties.
true
a hereditary disease caused by a genetic
difference that replaces one amino acid
(glutamate, Glu) with another (valine, Val) in
each of two polypeptide chains of the hemoglobin
molecule
Sickled-cell Anemia
Regular and repeating structural
patterns of alpha helix or beta sheet
created by hydrogen bonding between
backbone atoms in neighboring
segments of protein chains.
Secondary Protein Structure
a protein chain forms a
right-handed coil stabilized by
hydrogen bonds between peptide
groups along its backbone.
alpha-helix (α-helix)
Secondary protein structure in which
adjacent protein chains either in the
same molecule or in different
molecules are held together by
hydrogen bonds along the
backbones, forming a flat sheet-like
structure.
beta-sheet (β-sheet)
Secondary protein structure in which
adjacent protein chains either in the
same molecule or in different
molecules are held together by
hydrogen bonds along the
backbones, forming a flat sheet-like
structure.
beta-sheet (β-sheet)
what is unstructured segments?
portions of a protein that have neither
alpha helix nor beta pleated sheet
structure
The way in which an entire
protein chain is coiled and
folded into its specific three-
dimensional shape.
Tertiary protein structure
4 Interactions Responsible for Tertiary Structure
- covalent disulfide bonds,
- electrostatic attractions (salt
bridges), - hydrogen bonds, and
- hydrophobic attractions
involves acidic side chain + basic side chain. aka SALT BRIDGES
electrostatic attractions
happens when two non polar chains are close together
hydrophobic attractions
happens between amino acid + polar R groups
hydrogen bonds
the strongest of all interactions, groups of two cysteine reaction
Disulfide Bonds
The peptide chains in multimeric protiens are called protein ___
subunits
Two or more protein aggregate to form large ordered structures
Quaternary protein structure
has a heme group, transports oxygen from the lungs to tissue
Hemoglobin
oxygen storage molecule in muscles
myoglobin
Most abundant protein in all humans (ligaments, bones, skin)
Collagen
a protein that contains carbohydrates or
carbohydrate derivatives in addition to
amino acids
Glycoprotein
a protein that contains carbohydrates or
carbohydrate derivatives in addition to
amino acids
Glycoprotein
a conjugated protein that
contains lipids in addition to
amino acids; help suspend lipids and
transport them through the
bloodstream
Lipoproteins
protective response to the invasion of
microorganisms or foreign molecules
Immunoglobulins
involved in the transport system for
lipids in the bloodstream
Plasma Lipoprotein
true or false
When it comes to PURPOSE, a fibrous is a functional than a structual
false
which is which
When it comes to SOLUBILITY, they are generally soluble in water
Globular
which is which
THey have a repetitive amino acid sequence
Fibrous
which is which: they are more sensitive in changes of pH, environment, temperature, etc.
Globular
a conjugated protein that contains lipids in addition to
amino acids; help suspend lipids and transport them through the bloodstream
Lipoprotein
4 types of PLasma Lipoprotein
Very low / Low / High density lipoprotein and Chylomicrons
transport dietary
triacylglycerols from
the intestine to the
liver and to adipose
tissue.
Chylomicrons
transport
triacylglycerols
synthesized in the
liver to adipose
tissue
Very-low-density
lipoproteins
transport cholesterol
synthesized in the
liver to cells
throughout the
body
Low-density
lipoproteins
collect excess
cholesterol from body
tissues and transport
it back to the liver for
degradation to bile
acids.
High-density
lipoproteins
