Chemical Messengers

Question 1

It can be can be hormones that arrive via the
bloodstream or neurotransmitters released by nerve cells, such
messengers ultimately connect with a target

Answer 1

Messenger Molecules

Question 2

pituitary gland, pineal gland, parathyroid gland, pancreas, thymus, adrenal gland, ovary and testes together with the hypothalamus of the brain

Answer 2

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

Question 3

sweat glands, salivary, and mammary glands

Answer 3

EXOCRINE GLANDS

Question 4

A system of specialized cells, tissues, and
ductless glands that secretes hormones and
shares with the nervous system the responsibility
for maintaining constant internal body conditions
and responding to changes in the environment.

Answer 4

Endocrine system

Question 5

biochemically active molecule interacts to
initiate a response in a target cell

Answer 5

Receptor

Question 5

biochemically active molecule interacts to
initiate a response in a target cell

Answer 5

Receptor

Question 6

it occurs when the product of the system shuts down or limits its operation

Answer 6

Feedback inhibition

Question 7

testosterone, estrogen, progesterone

Answer 7

steroids

Question 8

melatonin, epinephrine, thyroid hormone

Answer 8

Amines

Question 9

glucagon, oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone, calcitonin, parathyroid
hormone

Answer 9

Peptides

Question 10

growth hormone, insulin, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, leuteinizing hormone

Answer 10

Proteins

Question 11

The place where the tip of a neuron and its target cell lie adjacent to each other

Answer 11

synapse

Question 12

a neurotransmitter responsible for the control of skeletal muscles. It is also widely distributed in the brain, where it may play a role in the sleep– wake cycle, learning, memory, and mood.

Answer 12

Acetylcholine

Question 13

Any substance that alters body function when it is introduced from an
external source.

Answer 13

drug

Question 14

A substance that interacts with a receptor to cause
or prolong the receptor’s normal biochemical
response

Answer 14

Agonist

Question 15

A substance that blocks or inhibits the normal
biochemical response of a receptor.

Answer 15

Antagonist

Question 16

(an antagonist) It prevents the release of acetylcholine, frequently causing
death due to muscle paralysis

Answer 16

Botulinus toxin

Question 17

(an agonist) releases excess acetylcholine
*opposite reaction from that of botulism toxin, the synapse is flooded with acetylcholine,
*resulting in muscle cramps and spasms.

Answer 17

Black widow spider venom

Question 18

Nicotine at low doses is a stimulant (an agonist) because it ___

Answer 18

activates acetylcholine receptors

Question 19

At high doses, nicotine is an antagonist becase ___

Answer 19

It irreversibly blocks the acetylcholine receptors

Question 20

the neurotransmitter responsible for the symptoms of the allergic reaction; it is also the chemical that causes an itchy bump when an insect bites

Answer 20

Histamine

Question 21

a family of drugs that counteract the effect of histamine because they are histamine-receptor antagonists. They competitively block the attachment of histamine to its receptors

Answer 21

Antihistamines

Question 22

it plays a role in the brain in processes that control movement, emotional responses, and the experiences of pleasure and pain

Answer 22

Dopamine

Question 23

it blocks re-uptake of dopamine from the
synapse, and amphetamines accelerate release of dopamine

Answer 23

cocaine

Question 24

it also creates an increase in dopamine levels in the same brain areas

Answer 24

marijuana

Question 25

A chemical messenger
secreted by cells of the endocrine
system and transported through
the bloodstream to target cells with
appropriate receptors, where it elicits
a response.

Answer 25

Hormone

Question 26

A chemical messenger
that travels between a neuron
and a neighboring neuron or other
target
cell to transmit a nerve impulse.

Answer 26

Neurotransmitter