Nucleic Acids

Question 1

what is the monomer of a nucleic acid

Answer 1

nucleotide

Question 2

• means “colored body”
• structure in the cell nucleus thought to be the carrier of genetic information

Answer 2

chromosome

Question 3

a portion of a chromosome that controls a specific inheritable trait such as brown eyes or red hair

Answer 3

gene

Question 4

three parts of a nucleotide

Answer 4

a five-membered cyclic monosaccharide, a nitrogen-containing cyclic compound known as a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group

Question 5

two classes of nucleic acids

Answer 5

Ribonucleic Acid & Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 6

Nitrogen Bases (PURINE)

Answer 6

adenine and guanine

Question 7

Nitrogen Bases (PYRIMIDINE)

Answer 7

uracil, thymine, cytosine

Question 8

sugar + base =

Answer 8

nucleoside

Question 9

nucleoside (sugar & base) + phosphate =

Answer 9

Nucleotide

Question 10

sugar of RNA

Answer 10

d-ribose

Question 11

sugar of dna

Answer 11

2-deoxy-d-ribose

Question 12

chromatin and chromosome difference

Answer 12

chromatim = staight strand
chromosome = condensed form

Question 13

what do you call the ends of a chromosome

Answer 13

telomere

Question 14

what do you call the center of a chromosome

Answer 14

centromere

Question 15

what do you call the short arm of a chromosome

Answer 15

p arm

Question 16

what do you call the long arm of a chromosome

Answer 16

q arm

Question 17

Two strands coiled around each other in a screw-like fashion

Answer 17

double helix

Question 18

process by which copies of DNA are made when a cell divides

Answer 18

dna replication

Question 19

The RNA that is complexed with proteins in ribosomes.

Answer 19

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 20

RNA that carries instructions for protein synthesis (genetic information) to the sites for protein synthesis

Answer 20

Messenger RNAs (mRNA)

Question 21

RNA that delivers amino acids to the sites for
protein synthesis.

Answer 21

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 22

RNA formed directly by DNA transcription.
Post-transcription processing converts this RNA to messenger RNA

Answer 22

Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)

Question 23

RNA that facilitates the conversion of Heterogeneous nuclear. RNA to messenger RNA. It contains from 100 to 200 nucleotides.

Answer 23

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Question 24

The genetic code is consists of triplets of consecutive bases known as?

Answer 24

codons

Question 25

the process of removing introns from the hnRNA molecule and joining the remaining exons together to form an mRNA molecule.

Answer 25

splicing

Question 26

A nucleotide sequence in a gene that codes for part of a protein

Answer 26

exon

Question 27

A nucleotide sequence in mRNA that does not code for part of a protein; removed before mRNA proceeds to protein synthesis

Answer 27

intron

Question 28

The DNA strand that is transcribed

Answer 28

template strand

Question 29

The complement of the template strand in the original helix

Answer 29

informational strand

Question 30

The sequence of nucleotides, coded in triplets (codons) in mRNA, that determines the sequence of amino acids in protein synthesis

Answer 30

genetic code

Question 31

The structure in the cell where protein synthesis occurs; composed of protein and rRNA

Answer 31

ribosome

Question 32

A sequence of three ribonucleotides on tRNA that recognizes the complementary sequence (the codon) on mRNA.

Answer 32

anticodon

Question 33

organizing proteins where DNA strand is twisted

Answer 33

histones

Question 34

karyotype number of genes for physical features

Answer 34

21-22

Question 35

karyotype number of genes for determining sex

Answer 35

23

Question 36

a condition where #21 chromosome become three

Answer 36

trisomy 21

Question 37

process by which DNA is copied to RNA

Answer 37

transcription

Question 38

process by which mRNA is used to produce proteins is called?

Answer 38

translation

Question 39

in which organelle transcription happens?

Answer 39

nucleus

Question 40

in which organelle rna translation happens?

Answer 40

ribosomes

Question 41

why is dna replication semi conservative?

Answer 41

because half of the strand are new, the other half is old

Question 42

site of dna replication

Answer 42

origin of the replication site

Question 43

it alleviates DNA supercoils

Answer 43

Topoisomerase

Question 44

separates the two DNA strands

Answer 44

helicase

Question 45

proteins bind to the separated DNA strands to keep them apart

Answer 45

Single-Strand Binding (SSB)

Question 46

short RNA strands that start or prime, DNA synthesis

Answer 46

RNA Primase

Question 47

extends the RNA primers until the 3’ end of an Okazaki fragment reaches the 5 - it puts corresponding nucleotide

Answer 47

dna polymerasee lll

Question 47

degrades the RNA primers and replaces it with DNA

Answer 47

dna polymerasee l

Question 48

fills the gap / joins the 5’ phosphate of one DNA molecule

Answer 48

dna ligase

Question 49

what happens during initiation stage?

Answer 49

the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter causing the double helix to unwind

Question 50

stage in which an RNA chain complementary to the template strand of DNA is synthesized as RNA polymerase moves along DNA

Answer 50

elongation stage

Question 51

stage where dna strand and mrna transcript disassociate from each other

Answer 51

termination stage

Question 52

protien synthesis starts as tRNA with amino acid 2 binds to its codon at the second site within its codon

Answer 52

elongation

Question 53

protien synthesis small ribosomal subunit and the first tRNA arriving at the start of codon mRNA

Answer 53

initiation

Question 54

protien synthesis stop codon is reached. ribosomal units, mRNA, and polpeptides seperates.

Answer 54

termination