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Biochemistry > Nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Nucleic Acids Flashcards

1
Q

what is the monomer of a nucleic acid

A

nucleotide

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2
Q
  • means “colored body”
  • structure in the cell nucleus thought to be the carrier of genetic information
A

chromosome

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3
Q

a portion of a chromosome that controls a specific inheritable trait such as brown eyes or red hair

A

gene

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4
Q

three parts of a nucleotide

A

a five-membered cyclic monosaccharide, a nitrogen-containing cyclic compound known as a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group

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5
Q

two classes of nucleic acids

A

Ribonucleic Acid & Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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6
Q

Nitrogen Bases (PURINE)

A

adenine and guanine

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7
Q

Nitrogen Bases (PYRIMIDINE)

A

uracil, thymine, cytosine

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8
Q

sugar + base =

A

nucleoside

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9
Q

nucleoside (sugar & base) + phosphate =

A

Nucleotide

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10
Q

sugar of RNA

A

d-ribose

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11
Q

sugar of dna

A

2-deoxy-d-ribose

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12
Q

chromatin and chromosome difference

A

chromatim = staight strand
chromosome = condensed form

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13
Q

what do you call the ends of a chromosome

A

telomere

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14
Q

what do you call the center of a chromosome

A

centromere

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15
Q

what do you call the short arm of a chromosome

A

p arm

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16
Q

what do you call the long arm of a chromosome

A

q arm

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17
Q

Two strands coiled around each other in a screw-like fashion

A

double helix

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18
Q

process by which copies of DNA are made when a cell divides

A

dna replication

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19
Q

The RNA that is complexed with proteins in ribosomes.

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

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20
Q

RNA that carries instructions for protein synthesis (genetic information) to the sites for protein synthesis

A

Messenger RNAs (mRNA)

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21
Q

RNA that delivers amino acids to the sites for
protein synthesis.

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

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22
Q

RNA formed directly by DNA transcription.
Post-transcription processing converts this RNA to messenger RNA

A

Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)

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23
Q

RNA that facilitates the conversion of Heterogeneous nuclear. RNA to messenger RNA. It contains from 100 to 200 nucleotides.

A

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

24
Q

The genetic code is consists of triplets of consecutive bases known as?

A

codons

25
Q

the process of removing introns from the hnRNA molecule and joining the remaining exons together to form an mRNA molecule.

A

splicing

26
Q

A nucleotide sequence in a gene that codes for part of a protein

A

exon

27
Q

A nucleotide sequence in mRNA that does not code for part of a protein; removed before mRNA
proceeds to protein synthesis

A

intron

28
Q

The DNA strand that is transcribed

A

template strand

29
Q

The complement of the template strand in the original helix

A

informational strand

30
Q

The sequence of nucleotides, coded in triplets (codons) in mRNA, that determines the sequence of amino acids in protein synthesis

A

genetic code

31
Q

The structure in the cell where protein synthesis occurs; composed of protein and rRNA

A

ribosome

32
Q

A sequence of three ribonucleotides on tRNA that recognizes the complementary sequence (the codon) on mRNA.

A

anticodon

33
Q

organizing proteins where DNA strand is
twisted

A

histones

34
Q

karyotype number of genes for physical features

A

21-22

35
Q

karyotype number of genes for determining sex

A

23

36
Q

a condition where #21 chromosome become three

A

trisomy 21

37
Q

process by which DNA is copied to RNA

A

transcription

38
Q

process by which mRNA is used to produce proteins is called?

A

translation

39
Q

in which organelle transcription happens?

A

nucleus

40
Q

in which organelle rna translation happens?

A

ribosomes

41
Q

why is dna replication semi conservative?

A

because half of the strand are new, the other half is old

42
Q

site of dna replication

A

origin of the replication site

43
Q

it alleviates DNA supercoils

A

Topoisomerase

44
Q

separates the two DNA strands

A

helicase

45
Q

proteins bind to the separated DNA strands to keep them apart

A

Single-Strand Binding (SSB)

46
Q

short RNA strands that start or prime, DNA synthesis

A

RNA Primase

47
Q

extends the RNA primers until the 3’ end of an Okazaki fragment reaches the 5

  • it puts corresponding nucleotide
A

dna polymerasee lll

47
Q

degrades the RNA primers and replaces it with DNA

A

dna polymerasee l

48
Q

fills the gap / joins the 5’ phosphate of one DNA
molecule

A

dna ligase

49
Q

what happens during initiation stage?

A

the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter causing the double helix to unwind

50
Q

stage in which an RNA chain complementary to the template strand of DNA is synthesized as RNA polymerase moves along DNA

A

elongation stage

51
Q

stage where dna strand and mrna transcript disassociate from each other

A

termination stage

52
Q

protien synthesis

starts as tRNA with amino acid 2 binds to its codon at the second site within its codon

A

elongation

53
Q

protien synthesis

small ribosomal subunit and the first tRNA arriving at the start of codon mRNA

A

initiation

54
Q

protien synthesis

stop codon is reached. ribosomal units, mRNA, and polpeptides seperates.

A

termination

Biochemistry (14 decks)

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