Amino Acids

Question 1

It is the building blocks of protein

Answer 1

Amino Acids

Question 2

Composition of an amino acids

Answer 2

molecule contains an amino
group and a carboxylic acid
functional group and a side chain all
attached to an -carbon
ɑ

Question 3

What distinguishes an amino acids?

Answer 3

Its side chain

Question 4

one of the 20 amino acids normally
found in proteins building blocks of
protein

Answer 4

Standard Amino Acid

Question 5

4 categories of standard amino acids

Answer 5

*nonpolar amino acids
*polar neutral amino acids
*polar acidic amino acids
*polar basic amino acids

Question 6

an amino acid that contains one
amino group, one carboxyl group,
and a nonpolar side chain

they are hydrophobic

Answer 6

Nonpolar, Neutral Side Chains

Question 7

an amino acid that contains one
amino group, one carboxyl group
and a side chain that is polar but
neither acidic nor basic

Answer 7

Polar, Neutral Side Chains

Question 8

an amino acid that contains one
amino group and two carboxyl
groups, the second carboxyl group
being part of the side chain

Answer 8

Polar Acidic Amino Acid

Question 9

in physiological pH, the side chain of a
polar acidic amino acid bears a?

Answer 9

negative charge in the side-chain
carboxyl group

Question 10

an amino acid that contains two
amino groups and one carboxyl group,
the second amino group being part of
the side chain

Answer 10

Polar Basic Amino Acid

Question 11

Naming of the Standard Amino Acids

Answer 11

three-letter codes except in four cases – these abbreviations are the first three letters of the amino acid’s name

one-letter code

Question 12

It is an amino acid needed by the human body that must be obtained from dietary source because it cannot be synthesized within the body

Answer 12

Essential Amino Acid

Question 13

an essential amino acid in
children required for growth but not
an essential amino acid for adults

Answer 13

Arginine

Question 14

Name the 9 essential amino acids

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Answer 14

Tryptophan
Threonine
Histidine
Valine
Isoleucine
Phenylalanine
Methionine
Lysine
Leucine

Question 15

is precursor to
serotonin, a neurotransmitter
that regulates your appetite,
sleep and mood

Answer 15

Tryptophan

Question 16

necessary for tissue
growth and the absorption of
zinc and selenium

Answer 16

Methionine

Question 17

precursor for the
neurotransmitters tyrosine,
dopamine, epinephrine and
norepinephrine

Answer 17

Phenylalanine

Question 18

: helps stimulate muscle
growth and regeneration and is
involved in energy production

Answer 18

Valine

Question 19

part of structural proteins such as collagen and
elastin, which are important components of the skin and
connective tissue

Answer 19

Threonine

Question 20

helps regulate blood sugar levels, stimulates wound
healing and produces growth hormones

Answer 20

Leucine

Question 21

immune function, hemoglobin production and
energy regulation

Answer 21

Isoleucine

Question 22

protein synthesis, hormone and enzyme production and
the absorption of calcium, production
of collagen and elastin

Answer 22

Lysine

Question 23

used to produce
histamine, a neurotransmitter that is vital to immune response, digestion, sexual function and sleep-wake
cycles

Answer 23

Histidine

Question 24

the only common plant protein that
is a complete dietary protein

Answer 24

soy

Question 25

contains all of the essential amino acids the same relative amount in which thembody needs them

Answer 25

Complete Dietary Protein

Question 26

a protein that does not contain adequate amounts, relative to
the body’s needs of one or more of the essential amino acids

Answer 26

Incomplete Dietary Protein

Question 27

an essential amino acid that is missing or present but
inadequate amounts, in an incomplete dietary protein

Answer 27

Limiting Amino Acid

Question 28

two or more incomplete dietary proteins that when
combined, provide an adequate amount of all essential amino
acids

Answer 28

Complementary Dietary Proteins

Question 29

the amino group is bonded to the carbon
atom next to the -COOH group.

Answer 29

Alpha (ɑ-) amino acid

Question 30

Fischer Formula of Amino Acids

Answer 30

Carboxyl Group - always at the top
Side chain - at the bottom
Amino Group (NH3) - one on left or right

Question 31

an amide bond that links two amino acids together

Answer 31

Peptide bonds

Question 32

Long unbranched chain of amino acid

Answer 32

Polypeptide

Question 33

the portion of an amino acid structure that remains

Answer 33

amino acid residues

Question 34

the end with the free COO- group
is called

Answer 34

C-terminal

Question 35

The end with the free H3N+ group
is called

Answer 35

N-terminal end

Question 36

Peptide Nomenclature

Answer 36

1. The C-terminal amino acid residue (located at the far right of the structure) keeps its full amino acid name
2. The rest of Amino acid residues have their name ends with -yl
3. The amino acid naming sequence begins at the N-terminal amino acid residue

Question 37

contain the same amino acids but in different order

Answer 37

Isomeric Peptides

Question 38

two small peptide hormones

Answer 38

vasopressin and oxytocin

Question 39

regulates uterine contractions and lactation.

Answer 39

oxytocin

Question 40

regulates the excretion of water
by the kidneys; it also affects blood pressure

aka ADH

Answer 40

vassopresin

Question 41

these are pentapeptide neurotransmitters produced by the brain itself that bind at receptor sites in the brain to reduce pain

Answer 41

enkephalins

Question 42

two pentapeptide neurotransmitters and their functions?

Answer 42

*Met-enkephalin is involved in phenomena associated with modulated pain perception, regulation of memory and emotional
conditions
* Leu-enkephalin controls gonadal function.

Question 43

a tripeptide that functions as antioxidant protecting cellular
contents from oxidizing agents such as peroxides and
superoxides

Answer 43

glutathione