Carbohydrates Flashcards
It is a large class of naturally occruring aldehydes and ketones. Rich in environment, and the abundance in a human body is LOW
Carbohydrates
4 functions of Carbohydrates in Humans
Oxidation
Storage in the form of glycogen
Supply carbon atoms for synthesis of other substances
part of structural framework of RNA and DNA
4 functions of Carbohydrates in Humans
Oxidation
Storage in the form of glycogen
Supply carbon atoms for synthesis of other substances
part of structural framework of RNA and DNA
It has 1 aldehyde/ketone group. Known as “simple sugar” and can no longer be borken down into small units
monosaccharides
number of carbon atoms in a monosaccharide
3-7
it is the combination of two simple sugars
disaccharide
bond that forms di-polysaccharides
glycosidic bond
glu + glu
maltose
ga + glu
lactose
glu + fru
sucrose
percentage of lactose in human milk
about 7%
it contains many monosaccharide by glycosidic bonds
polysaccharide
types of polysaccharide
storage polys. (starch in plants and glycogen animal)
structural polys. (cellulose / chitin)
it is the protein fibers embedded in a syrup matric and contains UNBRANCHED POLYSACCHARIDES
mucopolysaccharide
anticoagulant to avoid blood cloth
heparin
proteins with short carbohydrate chain
oligosaccharide
found in carbon 1
aldehyde
found in carbon 2 and up
ketone
how many chains are there in oligosaccharide
3-10
what is chirality
what is streoisomer
same in molecular and structural but diff. in atom orientation
diastereomers are ____
not mirro image
enantiomers are
mirror imagge but not superimposible
molecules that have the same molecular formula are called
isomers
central carbon that is tetraheadedly bond to different groups
chiral center
it is also called as glycans
polysaccharides
brain sugar and a component of glycoproteins found in the brain
d-galactose
dextrose or blood sugar
d-glucose
levulose or fruit sugar, sweetest in all monosaccharide. present in honey
d-fructose
component of rna, atp, and dna
d-ribose
component of rna, atp, and dna
d-ribose