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Biochemistry > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Roles and function of Lipids in the Human Body

A

part of all cell membranes, they
keep separate the different chemical environments inside and outside the cells

Within fat cells (adipocytes), they
store energy from metabolism of food

In the endocrine system and
elsewhere, they serve as chemical
messengers

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2
Q

A naturally occurring
molecule from a plant or
animal that is soluble in
nonpolar organic solvents

A

Lipids

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3
Q

They are Lipids that has an ESTER BOND, can hydrolize in basic conditions

A

Saponifiable

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4
Q

They are Lipids that has NO ESTER BOND, so they cannot hydrolize

A

Non-Saponifiable

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5
Q

lipids that are esters of fatty acids with alcohols

A

simple saponifiable lipids

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6
Q

esters of fatty acids with groups other than alcohol and fatty acids

A

complex saponifiable lipids

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7
Q

name the two simple saponifiable lipids

A

wax and triglycerides

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8
Q

name the two complex saponifiable lipids

A

phospoglycerides and sphingolipids

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9
Q

name the two NON saponifiable lipids

A

streoids and prostaglandins

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10
Q

what are the two saponifiable lipids and their difference?

A

simple - ester of fatty acids + alcohol
complex - ester of fatty acids + alcohol + others

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11
Q

how many carbons are there in fatty acids?

A

10-20 carbons

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12
Q

two types of fatty acids and their difference?

A

saturated (containing no double bonds
between carbons)

unsaturated (containing one or more
double bonds between carbons)

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13
Q

A long-chain carboxylic acid
containing only carbon– carbon single bonds.

A

saturated fatty acids

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14
Q

A long-chain carboxylic acid
containing one carbon double bonds.

A

unsaturated fatty acids

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15
Q

Butter, coconut oil, whole milk,
meat, peanut, butter, margarine, cheese, vegetable
oil, fried foods, & frozen dinners

A

saturated

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16
Q

Avocado, soybean oil, canola
oil and olive oil, sunflower oil,
fish oils walnuts, flax, & red
meats

A

unsaturated

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17
Q

fatty acid that has a longer shelf life

A

saturated

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18
Q

fatty acid that has a low melting point

A

unsaturated

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19
Q

A longchain carboxylic acid that
has two or more carbon–carbon
double bonds.

A

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

20
Q

double bonds are present in naturally
occurring fats and oils, the
double bonds are usually?

A

cis

21
Q

indicates that the functional groups are on the same side

A

cis

22
Q

ndicates that the functional groups (substituents) are on the opposite side

A

trans

23
Q

a fatty acid not synthesized within the
body and must be obtained from the
diet

A

Essential Fatty Acids

24
Q

These two essential fatty acids that are polyunsaturated fatty acids
that contain 18 carbon atoms

A

linoleic acid and linolenic
acid

25
Q

is a long-chain
carboxylic acid; those in animal
fats and vegetable oils often
have 12–22 carbon atoms.

A

fatty acids

26
Q

A mixture of triacylglycerols that is
solid because it contains a high
proportion of saturated fatty acids.

A

fat

27
Q

A mixture of triacylglycerols that is
liquid because it contains a high
proportion of UNsaturated fatty
acids.

A

oil

28
Q

when triglycerides are
reacted with a strong base, this process of (soap making) occurs

A

Saponification

29
Q

some of the fatty
acid double bonds are converted to single
bonds. The result is a decrease in the
degree of unsaturation and a
corresponding increase in the melting point
of the fat or oil

A

Hydrogenation

30
Q

treatment of fats or oils with
water and an acid catalyst causes them to
hydrolyze to form glycerol and fatty acids

A

Hydrolysis

31
Q

are carboxylic acid esters
(RCOOR’) with long, straight
hydrocarbon chains in both R
groups

secreted by sebaceous glands in
the skin of animals and perform
mostly external protective functions

A

wax

32
Q

simplest fatty acid esters in nature

A

wax

33
Q

A triester of glycerol with three fatty
acids

A

triacylglycerol

34
Q

these are triesters of glycerol that contain
CHARGED phosphate-diester groups
and are abundant in cell
membranes.

  • help to control the flow of
    molecules into and out of cells
A

Glycerophospholipids

35
Q

these are amides derived from an amino
alcohol (sphingosine) that also
contain charged phosphate-diester
groups

  • essential to the structure of cell
    membranes
  • abundant in nerve cell
    membranes
A

Sphingolipids

36
Q

these are different amides derived from
sphingosine that contain polar
carbohydrate groups
* on cell surfaces
* interacts with intercellular
messengers

A

Glycolipids

37
Q

it contain the four-ring steroid
nucleus structure
* cholesterol found in cell
membranes;
*necessary for fat
emulsification in digestion
* sex hormones

A

steroid / sterols

38
Q

3 classification of steroids and their functions

A
  • Mineralocorticoids (regulates K+
    the cell) – aldosterone
  • Glucocorticoids regulates glucose metabolism
    and inflammation – cortisol
  • Sex Hormones (testosterone and
    androsterone – male; estrogen and
    progesterone – female)
39
Q

it is essential for the emulsification of fats
during digestion

synthesized in liver cells from
cholesterol and stored in the gall
bladder

A

Bile Acids

40
Q

carboxylic acids that are a
special type of intercellular
chemical messenger

A

Eicosanoids

41
Q

lipid that has an ester link
between phosphoric acid and an
alcohol

A

Phospholipid

42
Q

a spherical structure
in which a lipid
bilayer surrounds
a water droplet.

A

liposome

43
Q

The basic structural unit of cell
membranes; composed of two parallel
sheets of membrane lipid molecules
arranged tail to tail.

A

Lipid bilayer

44
Q

A lipid with a fatty acid bonded to
the C2-NH2 group and a sugar
bonded to the Cl-OH group of
sphingosine.

A

Glycolipids

45
Q

bond consist of an alcohol portion and an
acid portion

A

ester

Biochemistry (14 decks)

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