Lipids

Question 1

Roles and function of Lipids in the Human Body

Answer 1

part of all cell membranes, they
keep separate the different chemical environments inside and outside the cells

Within fat cells (adipocytes), they
store energy from metabolism of food

In the endocrine system and
elsewhere, they serve as chemical
messengers

Question 2

A naturally occurring
molecule from a plant or
animal that is soluble in
nonpolar organic solvents

Answer 2

Lipids

Question 3

They are Lipids that has an ESTER BOND, can hydrolize in basic conditions

Answer 3

Saponifiable

Question 4

They are Lipids that has NO ESTER BOND, so they cannot hydrolize

Answer 4

Non-Saponifiable

Question 5

lipids that are esters of fatty acids with alcohols

Answer 5

simple saponifiable lipids

Question 6

esters of fatty acids with groups other than alcohol and fatty acids

Answer 6

complex saponifiable lipids

Question 7

name the two simple saponifiable lipids

Answer 7

wax and triglycerides

Question 8

name the two complex saponifiable lipids

Answer 8

phospoglycerides and sphingolipids

Question 9

name the two NON saponifiable lipids

Answer 9

streoids and prostaglandins

Question 10

what are the two saponifiable lipids and their difference?

Answer 10

simple - ester of fatty acids + alcohol
complex - ester of fatty acids + alcohol + others

Question 11

how many carbons are there in fatty acids?

Answer 11

10-20 carbons

Question 12

two types of fatty acids and their difference?

Answer 12

saturated (containing no double bonds
between carbons)

unsaturated (containing one or more
double bonds between carbons)

Question 13

A long-chain carboxylic acid
containing only carbon– carbon single bonds.

Answer 13

saturated fatty acids

Question 14

A long-chain carboxylic acid
containing one carbon double bonds.

Answer 14

unsaturated fatty acids

Question 15

Butter, coconut oil, whole milk,
meat, peanut, butter, margarine, cheese, vegetable
oil, fried foods, & frozen dinners

Answer 15

saturated

Question 16

Avocado, soybean oil, canola
oil and olive oil, sunflower oil,
fish oils walnuts, flax, & red
meats

Answer 16

unsaturated

Question 17

fatty acid that has a longer shelf life

Answer 17

saturated

Question 18

fatty acid that has a low melting point

Answer 18

unsaturated

Question 19

A longchain carboxylic acid that
has two or more carbon–carbon
double bonds.

Answer 19

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

Question 20

double bonds are present in naturally
occurring fats and oils, the
double bonds are usually?

Answer 20

cis

Question 21

indicates that the functional groups are on the same side

Answer 21

cis

Question 22

ndicates that the functional groups (substituents) are on the opposite side

Answer 22

trans

Question 23

a fatty acid not synthesized within the
body and must be obtained from the
diet

Answer 23

Essential Fatty Acids

Question 24

These two essential fatty acids that are polyunsaturated fatty acids
that contain 18 carbon atoms

Answer 24

linoleic acid and linolenic
acid

Question 25

is a long-chain carboxylic acid; those in animal fats and vegetable oils often have 12–22 carbon atoms.

Answer 25

fatty acids

Question 26

A mixture of triacylglycerols that is solid because it contains a high proportion of saturated fatty acids.

Answer 26

fat

Question 27

A mixture of triacylglycerols that is liquid because it contains a high proportion of UNsaturated fatty acids.

Answer 27

oil

Question 28

when triglycerides are reacted with a strong base, this process of (soap making) occurs

Answer 28

Saponification

Question 29

some of the fatty acid double bonds are converted to single bonds. The result is a decrease in the degree of unsaturation and a corresponding increase in the melting point of the fat or oil

Answer 29

Hydrogenation

Question 30

treatment of fats or oils with water and an acid catalyst causes them to hydrolyze to form glycerol and fatty acids

Answer 30

Hydrolysis

Question 31

are carboxylic acid esters (RCOOR’) with long, straight hydrocarbon chains in both R groups secreted by sebaceous glands in the skin of animals and perform mostly external protective functions

Answer 31

wax

Question 32

simplest fatty acid esters in nature

Answer 32

wax

Question 33

A triester of glycerol with three fatty acids

Answer 33

triacylglycerol

Question 34

these are triesters of glycerol that contain CHARGED phosphate-diester groups and are abundant in cell membranes. * help to control the flow of molecules into and out of cells

Answer 34

Glycerophospholipids

Question 35

these are amides derived from an amino alcohol (sphingosine) that also contain charged phosphate-diester groups * essential to the structure of cell membranes * abundant in nerve cell membranes

Answer 35

Sphingolipids

Question 36

these are different amides derived from sphingosine that contain polar carbohydrate groups * on cell surfaces * interacts with intercellular messengers

Answer 36

Glycolipids

Question 37

it contain the four-ring steroid nucleus structure * cholesterol found in cell membranes; *necessary for fat emulsification in digestion * sex hormones

Answer 37

steroid / sterols

Question 38

3 classification of steroids and their functions

Answer 38

* Mineralocorticoids (regulates K+ the cell) – aldosterone * Glucocorticoids regulates glucose metabolism and inflammation – cortisol * Sex Hormones (testosterone and androsterone – male; estrogen and progesterone – female)

Question 39

it is essential for the emulsification of fats during digestion synthesized in liver cells from cholesterol and stored in the gall bladder

Answer 39

Bile Acids

Question 40

carboxylic acids that are a special type of intercellular chemical messenger

Answer 40

Eicosanoids

Question 41

lipid that has an ester link between phosphoric acid and an alcohol

Answer 41

Phospholipid

Question 42

a spherical structure in which a lipid bilayer surrounds a water droplet.

Answer 42

liposome

Question 43

The basic structural unit of cell membranes; composed of two parallel sheets of membrane lipid molecules arranged tail to tail.

Answer 43

Lipid bilayer

Question 44

A lipid with a fatty acid bonded to the C2-NH2 group and a sugar bonded to the Cl-OH group of sphingosine.

Answer 44

Glycolipids

Question 45

bond consist of an alcohol portion and an acid portion

Answer 45

ester