Lipids Flashcards
Roles and function of Lipids in the Human Body
part of all cell membranes, they
keep separate the different chemical environments inside and outside the cells
Within fat cells (adipocytes), they
store energy from metabolism of food
In the endocrine system and
elsewhere, they serve as chemical
messengers
A naturally occurring
molecule from a plant or
animal that is soluble in
nonpolar organic solvents
Lipids
They are Lipids that has an ESTER BOND, can hydrolize in basic conditions
Saponifiable
They are Lipids that has NO ESTER BOND, so they cannot hydrolize
Non-Saponifiable
lipids that are esters of fatty acids with alcohols
simple saponifiable lipids
esters of fatty acids with groups other than alcohol and fatty acids
complex saponifiable lipids
name the two simple saponifiable lipids
wax and triglycerides
name the two complex saponifiable lipids
phospoglycerides and sphingolipids
name the two NON saponifiable lipids
streoids and prostaglandins
what are the two saponifiable lipids and their difference?
simple - ester of fatty acids + alcohol
complex - ester of fatty acids + alcohol + others
how many carbons are there in fatty acids?
10-20 carbons
two types of fatty acids and their difference?
saturated (containing no double bonds
between carbons)
unsaturated (containing one or more
double bonds between carbons)
A long-chain carboxylic acid
containing only carbon– carbon single bonds.
saturated fatty acids
A long-chain carboxylic acid
containing one carbon double bonds.
unsaturated fatty acids
Butter, coconut oil, whole milk,
meat, peanut, butter, margarine, cheese, vegetable
oil, fried foods, & frozen dinners
saturated
Avocado, soybean oil, canola
oil and olive oil, sunflower oil,
fish oils walnuts, flax, & red
meats
unsaturated
fatty acid that has a longer shelf life
saturated
fatty acid that has a low melting point
unsaturated
A longchain carboxylic acid that
has two or more carbon–carbon
double bonds.
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
double bonds are present in naturally
occurring fats and oils, the
double bonds are usually?
cis
indicates that the functional groups are on the same side
cis
ndicates that the functional groups (substituents) are on the opposite side
trans
a fatty acid not synthesized within the
body and must be obtained from the
diet
Essential Fatty Acids
These two essential fatty acids that are polyunsaturated fatty acids
that contain 18 carbon atoms
linoleic acid and linolenic
acid
is a long-chain
carboxylic acid; those in animal
fats and vegetable oils often
have 12–22 carbon atoms.
fatty acids
A mixture of triacylglycerols that is
solid because it contains a high
proportion of saturated fatty acids.
fat
A mixture of triacylglycerols that is
liquid because it contains a high
proportion of UNsaturated fatty
acids.
oil
when triglycerides are
reacted with a strong base, this process of (soap making) occurs
Saponification
some of the fatty
acid double bonds are converted to single
bonds. The result is a decrease in the
degree of unsaturation and a
corresponding increase in the melting point
of the fat or oil
Hydrogenation
treatment of fats or oils with
water and an acid catalyst causes them to
hydrolyze to form glycerol and fatty acids
Hydrolysis
are carboxylic acid esters
(RCOOR’) with long, straight
hydrocarbon chains in both R
groups
secreted by sebaceous glands in
the skin of animals and perform
mostly external protective functions
wax
simplest fatty acid esters in nature
wax
A triester of glycerol with three fatty
acids
triacylglycerol
these are triesters of glycerol that contain
CHARGED phosphate-diester groups
and are abundant in cell
membranes.
- help to control the flow of
molecules into and out of cells
Glycerophospholipids
these are amides derived from an amino
alcohol (sphingosine) that also
contain charged phosphate-diester
groups
- essential to the structure of cell
membranes - abundant in nerve cell
membranes
Sphingolipids
these are different amides derived from
sphingosine that contain polar
carbohydrate groups
* on cell surfaces
* interacts with intercellular
messengers
Glycolipids
it contain the four-ring steroid
nucleus structure
* cholesterol found in cell
membranes;
*necessary for fat
emulsification in digestion
* sex hormones
steroid / sterols
3 classification of steroids and their functions
- Mineralocorticoids (regulates K+
the cell) – aldosterone - Glucocorticoids regulates glucose metabolism
and inflammation – cortisol - Sex Hormones (testosterone and
androsterone – male; estrogen and
progesterone – female)
it is essential for the emulsification of fats
during digestion
synthesized in liver cells from
cholesterol and stored in the gall
bladder
Bile Acids
carboxylic acids that are a
special type of intercellular
chemical messenger
Eicosanoids
lipid that has an ester link
between phosphoric acid and an
alcohol
Phospholipid
a spherical structure
in which a lipid
bilayer surrounds
a water droplet.
liposome
The basic structural unit of cell
membranes; composed of two parallel
sheets of membrane lipid molecules
arranged tail to tail.
Lipid bilayer
A lipid with a fatty acid bonded to
the C2-NH2 group and a sugar
bonded to the Cl-OH group of
sphingosine.
Glycolipids
bond consist of an alcohol portion and an
acid portion
ester
