Enzymes and Vitamins

Question 1

What is an Enzyme?

Answer 1

protein that acts as a catalyst for a biochemical reaction.

Question 2

These are the two enzyme structures (describe their differences)

Answer 2

Simple (composed only of protein) and Conjugated Enzyme (has a
nonprotein part in addition to a
protein part)

Question 3

Apoenzyme + Cofactor = ?

Answer 3

Holoenzyme

Question 4

protein part of conjugated enzyme

Answer 4

apoenzyme

Question 5

NON protein part of conjugated enzyme

Answer 5

cofactor

Question 6

what is the function of a catalysts?

Answer 6

speeds up chemical reaction and does not undergo any changes at the end

Question 7

suffix of an enzyme

Answer 7

-ase

Question 8

an enzymes’ prefix is often noted by its _____

Answer 8

type of reaction that it catalyzes

Question 9

a catalyze oxidation-reduction that adds or removes an oxygen or hydrogen

Answer 9

Oxidoreductases

Question 10

subclass of Oxidoreductases and their functions

Answer 10

Oxidases - oxidation of a substrate
Reductases - reduction of a substrate
Dehydrogenases - removal of two H atoms from a substrate

Question 11

it catalyze transfer of one group to another

Answer 11

transferases

Question 12

subclass of transferases and their functions between substrates

Answer 12

transaminase - Transfer of amino group between substrates
kinase - Transfer of a phosphate group between substrates

Question 13

catalyze the hydrolysis of substrate

breaking of bonds and addition of water

Answer 13

hydrolases

Question 14

hydrolysis in ester linkages in LIPIDS

Answer 14

lipases

Question 15

hydrolysis of AMIDE LINKAGES in proteins

Answer 15

proteases

Question 16

hydrolysis of GLYCOSIDIC BONDS of carbohydrates

Answer 16

carbohydrases

Question 16

hydrolysis of SUGAR-PHOSTPHATE ester bond in carbohydrates

Answer 16

nucleases

Question 17

hydrolysis of PHOSTPHATE ester bond

Answer 17

phosphatases

Question 18

“lein” word means?

Answer 18

to break

Question 19

it catalyze the addion of hydrogen oxiden or carbon dioxide to a double bond/reverse rection in which a molecule is eliminated to leave a double bond
“to break”

Answer 19

lyases

Question 20

the 4 subclass of lyases

Answer 20

dehydratases, decarboxylases, deaminases, hydratases

Question 21

addition of H2O from a substrate

Answer 21

hydratases

Question 22

removel of NH3 from a substrate

Answer 22

deaminases

Question 23

removal of H2O from a substrate

Answer 23

dehydratases

Question 24

removel of CO2 from a substrate

Answer 24

decarboxylases

Question 25

catalyze the arrangemnt of atoms (isomerization) of a substrate in reactions that have 1 sub but 1 product

Answer 25

isomerases

Question 26

2 subclass of isomerases

Answer 26

racemases, mutase

Question 27

catalyze the bonding together of two substrate mol

Answer 27

ligases

Question 28

formation of two substrate bonds with the help of ATP

Answer 28

synthetase

Question 29

formation of new bond from substrate and CO2 with ATP

Answer 29

carboxylase

Question 30

conversion of d-isomer to l-isomer or vice versa

Answer 30

racemases

Question 31

transfer of one functional group from one place to another same molecule

Answer 31

mutase

Question 32

enzyme model in which substrate and enzyme has the same shape

Answer 32

lock and key model

Question 33

enzyme model in which enzyme is flexible to match the shape of the substrate

Answer 33

induced fit model

Question 34

what is absolute specificity of enzyme?

Answer 34

catalyze only 1 reaction

Question 35

linkage specificity ___

Answer 35

enzyme only act on a particular type of bond

Question 36

streochemical specificity

Answer 36

only act on streoisomers

Question 37

group specificity

Answer 37

only act on particular functional group

Question 38

4 types of enzyme specificity

Answer 38

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Question 39

maximum number of molecules that one enzyme can accomodate per unit time

Answer 39

turnover number

Question 40

pepsin ____ trypsin ___

Answer 40

acidic and basic

Question 41

it blocks the active site so that no substrate can enter

Answer 41

competitive inhibitor

Question 42

a substrate that only lies on another area of enzyme ( or allosteric site)

Answer 42

incompetitive inhibitor

Question 43

an enzyme that has another site than that of an active site

Answer 43

allosteric enzyme

Question 44

binding of molecule to the other site that affects the binding of a molecule at another site

Answer 44

allosteric control

Question 45

+/- allosteric regulator difference

Answer 45

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Question 46

the inhibitor can leave, restoring the enzyme to its uninhibited level of activity

Answer 46

reversible inhibition

Question 47

the inhibitor remains permanently bound and the enzyme is permanently inhibited

Answer 47

irreversible inhibition