Prosthetic Dentistry-Dent Mat Flashcards by Gwendolyn Fegarido

A 62-year-old male presents to your office for the first time in several years. He has complete dentures that have been feeling loose for the last few months. Upon examination, you observe that the denture borders do not extend to cover all the supporting soft tissue. The patient is not ready for the fabrication of a new complete denture because he is comfortable with the way the teeth come together. What is the best treatment for this patient?

A. Stress that fabricating new dentures is the only treatment option
B. Rebase the denture
C. Reline the denture
D. Instruct the patient on how to use denture adhesive

B. Rebase the denture

NOTES:
REBASE- new base
RELINE- same base but modified to fit

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A caliper-like device used to record the patient’s terminal hinge axis relationship.

A. Facebow
B. Labomate
C. Hanau articulator
D. Stephan articulator

A. Facebow

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A combination clasp is a circumferential clasp that has a retentive arm made of wrought metal, thus making it more flexible than a similar arm constructed from cast alloy. The reciprocating arm, made of cast metal, must be rigid to counteract the forces generated by the flexible wrought metal. What part of the retentive is the most flexible?

A. The terminal half
B. The middle third
C. The terminal third
D. The shoulder hal

C. The terminal third

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A dentist replaces an amalgam on tooth 14 and notices a small pulpal exposure. Which of the following best predicts success?

A. Size of the lesion
B. Isolation of the lesion
C. Use of calcium hydroxide
D. Age of the patient

B. Isolation of the lesion

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A lingual plate mandibular major connector may be selected because

A. The mandibular incisors are tilted lingually
B. Mandibular tori is present
C. There is high lingual frenum
D. All of the above

D. All of the above

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A patient of yours walks into your office with the following complaint, “When I smile, my upper denture does not hold.” Which area of the denture base needs to be adjusted?

A. Labial notch and labial flange
B. Buccal notch and buccal flange
C. Posterior border
D. Distobuccal flange

B. Buccal notch and buccal flange

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A positive reproduction of the prepared tooth and consist of a suitable hard substance and sufficient accuracy

A. Master cast
B. Diagnostic cast
C. Die
D. Working cast

C. Die

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Addition silicone (aka polyvinylsiloxane) is one of many impression materials used for crown and bridge final impressions. Addition silicone has greater dimensional stability than polyether but they also come with some disadvantages. Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage?

A. Hydrophobicity
B. Temperature sensitivity
C. Latex can interfere with setting
D. Surface detail

D. Surface detail

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Alginate (irreversible hydrocolloid) is a hydrocolloid consisting of a solution of alginic acid and has a physical state that is changed by an irreversible chemical reaction forming insoluble calcium alginate. What are the methods for decreasing setting time of the alginate?

A. Increase water temperature, mix more rapidly, decrease water:powder ratio
B. Decrease water temperature, mix less rapidly, decrease water:powder ratio
C. Increase water temperature, mix less rapidly, decrease water:powder ratio
D. Decrease water temperature, mix more rapidly, increase water:powder ratio

A. Increase water temperature, mix more rapidly, decrease water:powder ratio

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All new dentures should be evaluated:

A. 3 hours after installation
B. 6 hours after installation
C. 24 hours after installation
D. 48 hours after installation

C. 24 hours after installation

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All of the following are advantages of infrabulge retainers as compared to suprabulge retainers EXCEPT

A. More efficient retention
B. Less tooth contact
C. Less bothersome to vestibular tissue
D. Less prone to caries

C. Less bothersome to vestibular tissue❌

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All of the following are disadvantages to immediate denture therapy. Which one is considered the major disadvantage to immediate denture therapy?

A. increased post-insertion care
B. increased post-insertion soreness
C. not being able to have an anterior tooth try-in to evaluate esthetics
D. greater complexity of clinical procedures

C. not being able to have an anterior tooth try-in to evaluate esthetics

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All of the following are indications for using a linguoplate as a mandibular major connector EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?

A. When the lingual frenum is high or the space available for the lingual bar is limited
B. In Class I situations in which the residual ridges have undergone excessive vertical resorption
C. For stabilizing periodontally weakened teeth
D. Severe anterior crowding

D. Severe anterior crowding

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All of the following statements concerning pontics are true EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. With regard to the ease of cleaning and good tissue health; proper pontic design is more important than the choice of material used in fabricating the pontic
B. The contour and nature of the pontic contact with the ridge is very important
C. The area of contact between the pontic and the ridge should be small
D. The portion of the pontic approximating the ridge should be as concave as possible

D. The portion of the pontic approximating the ridge should be as concave as possible❌

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All of the following techniques can decrease the setting time for Gypsum except one. Which one of the following is the EXCEPTION?

A. Increasing the powder to liquid ratio
B. Decreasing the rate and time of spatulation
C. Contamination of the mixture
D. Decreasing the mixing temperature

B. Decreasing the rate and time of spatulation

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An edentulous patient with a diminished vertical dimension of occlusion is predisposed to suffer from which of the following conditions?

A. Epulis fissuratum
B. Pemphigus vulgaris
C. Papillary hyperplasia
D. Angular chelosis

D. Angular chelosis

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An overextended distobuccal corner of a mandibular denture will push against which muscle during function?

A. Zygomaticus
B. Orbicularis oris
C. Temporalis
D. Masseter

D. Masseter

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Any dowel should not exceed _____ diameter of the root at any place

A. Â¼
B. 1/3
C. Â½
D. 2/3

B. 1/3

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Centric occlusion is an example of a/an:

A. Tooth-to-tooth relation
B. Occlusal relation
C. Bone-to-bone relation
D. Balanced relation

A. Tooth-to-tooth relation

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Centric relation is an example of a/an:

A. Tooth-to-tooth relation
B. Occlusal relation
C. Bone-to-bone relation
D. Balanced relation

C. Bone-to-bone relation

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Centric relation is the maxillomandibular relationship in which the condyles are in their most

A. Superior position with the disc in its most anterior position
B. Posterior position with the disc interposed at its thickest avascular location
C. Supero-anterior position with the disc interposed at its thinnest location
D. Posterior position with the disc interposed at its thinnest avascular location

C. Supero-anterior position with the disc interposed at its thinnest location

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Ceramic shade matching is an important step in achieving natural esthetics in dental tooth restoration. What is the most important dimension of color for dental restorations?

A. Color
B. Value
C. Hue
D. Chroma

B. Value

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Creep value of which of the following is the highest

A. Low copper amalgam alloy
B. Admixed alloy
C. Single composition alloy
D. High copper amalgam alloy

A. Low copper amalgam alloy

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Dental impression compound is also known as

A. Irreversible material
B. Thermoplastic material
C. Hydroelastic material
D. Rubber impression material

B. Thermoplastic material

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During a recall appointment, your patient states that he has finally decided to take your recommendation of extraction of his upper posterior teeth. You discuss with him the sequence of his treatment plan that includes partial upper and lower dentures. After extractions, root canal therapy, and periodontal therapy, you must survey and contour natural teeth and crowns. What is the modification sequence one should follow to complete tooth preparations for final impressions? A. Retentive contours, rests, parallel guiding planes, heights of contour B. Parallel guiding planes, heights of contour, retentive contours, rests C. Heights of contour, retentive contours, rest, parallel guiding planes D. Parallel guiding planes, heights of contour, rests, retentive contours

B. Parallel guiding planes, heights of contour, retentive contours, rests

During the denture border moulding and final impression appointment, it is important to observe which support and relief areas are for primary support in both maxilla and mandible. What are the primary denture support areas on the maxilla and mandible? A. Residual ridge, buccal shelf B. Rugae, residual ridge C. Residual ridge, residual ridge D. Rugae, buccal shelf

A. Residual ridge, buccal shelf

Fabricating a complete denture requires many important steps from impression taking to tooth shape and shade selection. What are the three factors for successful fit of a complete denture once it has been fabricated? A. Stability, resiliency, and temperature B. Stability, support, and retention C. Retention, resiliency, and temperature D. Support, temperature, and retention

B. Stability, support, and retention

From which of the following list of components of an RPD, which must be rigid? A. Major connector, minor connector, and retentive clasp B. Wrought wire clasp, rests, and minor connector C. Minor connector, rests, and major connector D. All of the above

C. Minor connector, rests, and major connector

How would you classify an RPD in which a portion of the functional load is carried by the residual ridge at one end of the denture base segment while the other end of the base segment is supported by natural teeth? A. A tooth-borne RPD B. A bilateral distal extension RPD C. A unilateral distal extension RPD D. None of the above

C. A unilateral distal extension RPD

In 1 hour, you will see your first complete denture patient as a "real dentist." In your excitement and just to keep on the safe side, you review the proper steps for each appointment from beginning to end for the fabrication of a complete upper and lower denture. Which of the following complete denture appointments is the longest appointment? A. Tooth setup try-in B. Border molding and final impressions C. Delivery/insertion D. 24-hour follow-up

C. Delivery/insertion

In arranging prosthetic teeth for balanced occlusion, increasing the incisal guidance will lead to what? A. Increased compensating curve B. Increased condylar guidance C. Decreased height of the cusps D. Increased plane of orientation

A. Increased compensating curve

In metal-ceramic restorations, failure or fracture usually occurs: A. At the porcelain-metal interface B. In the metal C. In the porcelain D. None of the above

C. In the porcelain

In mixing plaster, which of the following acts as a retarder? A. Gypsum B. Potassium sulfate (less than 12%) C. NaCl (less than 20%) D. Borax

D. Borax

In the definition pertaining to a complete denture, the resistance to horizontal or rotational force is A. Retention B. Stability C. Support D. None of the above

B. Stability

Inadequate rest seat preparation for a removable partial denture can cause A. Tooth mobility B. Ligament widening C. Occlusal rest fracture D. Occlusal rest distortion

C. Occlusal rest fracture

It is important to select an aesthetic tooth shape and to consider alignment features when fabricating any type of prosthesis. Considered in treatment planning and evaluation of patients smile analysis, what is the acceptable midline deviation? A. 1 mm B. 2 mm C. 3 mm D. 4 mm

B. 2 mm

It is the unacceptable type of finish line A. Knife edge B. Feather edge C. Chisel edge D. Bevel edge

B. Feather edge

Lack of reciprocation of a removable partial denture (RPD) clasp is likely to cause A. Tissue recession due to displacement of the RPD B. Abutment tooth displacement during removal and insertion C. Insufficient resistance to displacement D. Fracture of the retentive clasp

B. Abutment tooth displacement during removal and insertion

Most designs of stress breakers will rather effectively dissipate vertical forces to terminal abutments. However, this occurs at the expense of what supporting entity? A. The periodontal ligament of the abutment teeth B. The alveolar support of the abutment teeth C. The residual ridge D. All of the above

C. The residual ridge

Periodontal health of the gingival tissues is a major concern when planning any fixed prosthodontic treatment. For optimum periodontal health, restoration finish lines should be: A. Within the sulcus at least 1.0 mm and away from the free gingival margin without encroaching on the biologic width B. Supragingival whenever possible (at least 0.5 mm from the free gingival margin) to allow for hygienic cleansing C. Terminated at free gingival margin D. As far as possible subgingivally into the attachment apparatus

B. Supragingival whenever possible (at least 0.5 mm from the free gingival margin) to allow for hygienic cleansing

Refers to a natural tooth or teeth serving as an attachment for a bridge A. Pontic B. Abutment C. Retainer D. Connector

B. Abutment

Regarding zinc-phosphate cement A. Powder and liquid are mixed on a cold glass slab B. Powder and liquid are mixed on a hot glass slab C. Zinc phosphate has an endothermic reactions D. The cement is mixed on a waxed paper mixing pad

A. Powder and liquid are mixed on a cold glass slab

Retraction cord is often used with a hemostatic agent to capture an accurate impression. Which hemostatic agents minimize tissue damage? A. Fe2(SO4)3 and AlCl3 B. ZnCl2 and AlCl3 C. Fe2(SO4)3 and ZnCl2 D. (SO4)2 and ZnCl2

A. Fe2(SO4)3 and AlCl3

The absolute maximum number of posterior teeth, which can be safely replaced with a fixed bridge, is: A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

C. 3

The best impression technique for final impression is A. Selective pressure B. Mucostatic C. Mucocompressive D. All of the above

A. Selective pressure

The biologic width should not be violated and always measures A. 0.5 mm B. 1.0 mm C. 2.0 mm D. 1.5 mm

C. 2.0 mm

The cingulum rest is usually confined to preparation on A. Maxillary lateral incisors B. Maxillary canines C. Mandibular lateral incisors D. Mandibular canines

B. Maxillary canines

The component that is responsible for connecting the major connector with the rest and clamp assembly is A. The bar B. The minor connector C. The proximal plate D. The guide plane

B. The minor connector

The denture base of a mandibular distal extension RPD should cover A. All undercut areas and engage them for retention B. The retromolar pads C. The hamular notch D. The pterygomandibular raphe

B. The retromolar pads

The distance between the major connector on a maxillary RPD framework and the gingival margin should be at least A. 3mm B. 2mm C. 6mm D. 15mm

C. 6mm

The following are characteristics of a post-palatal seal of complete dentures, except which one? A. Compensates for shrinkage of the acrylic resin caused by its processing B. May reduce the gag reflex C. Improves the stability of the maxillary denture D. It is most shallow in the mid-palatal suture area

C. Improves the stability of the maxillary denture

The incisive papillae provides a guide for the antero-posterior placement of maxillary anterior denture teeth. The labial surfaces of natural teeth are generally 8 to 10mm anterior to this structure. A. Both statements are true B. The first statement is true, and the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

A. Both statements are true

The internal finish line is A. Butt joint between the metal and plastic on the tissue side B. Butt joint between the metal and plastic on the outer surface of RPD C. A type of posterior palatal seal D. A special type of bead line

A. Butt joint between the metal and plastic on the tissue side

The main function of a direct retainer of a removable partial denture is A. Stabilization B. Support C. Add strength to major connector D. Retention

D. Retention

The major connector is A. The connecting tang between the denture and the other units of the prosthesis B. The unit of a partial denture that connects the parts of the prosthesis located on one side of the arch with those on the opposite side C. The part of the denture base which extends from the necks of the teeth to the border of the denture D. None of the above

B. The unit of a partial denture that connects the parts of the prosthesis located on one side of the arch with those on the opposite side

The minimal occlusocervical/incisocervical dimension of ____ should be 4 millimeters when they are prepared within the recommended 10 to 20 degrees of total occlusal convergence. A. Incisors B. Premolars C. Molars D. Canine

C. Molars

The most common complication of fixed partial denture is A. Endodontic treatment B. Extraction C. Caries D. Tooth fracture

C. Caries

The most rigid palatal connector is: A. Anterior-posterior palatal bar connector B. Palatal palate C. Palatal horseshoe-shaped connector D. Single palatal bar

A. Anterior-posterior palatal bar connector

The pontic design selection with the most esthetic advantage for a 39-year-old female with an anterior bridge, teeth 12-X-21, is: A. Sanitary/hygienic B. Modifified ridge-lap C. Modifified sanitary D. Ridge lap

B. Modifified ridge-lap

The powder used in mixing acrylic resin is also known as: A. Dimer B. Polymer C. Initiator D. Monomer

B. Polymer

The prevention of dislodgement of restoration by forces directed in apical, oblique, or horizontal and prevents movement under occlusal stress A. Preservation of tooth structure B. Retention C. Resistance D. Structural durability

C. Resistance

The primary purpose of a maxillary denture occlusal index is to A. Maintain the patient's vertical dimension B. Maintain both the correct centric and vertical relation records C. Preserve the facebow records D. Maintain the patient's centric relation

C. Preserve the facebow records

The semi-adjustable articulator has A. Fixed condylar and incisal guidance B. Adjustable condylar but fixed incisal guidance C. Adjustable incisal guidance but fixed condylar guidance D. Adjustable condylar and incisal guidance

D. Adjustable condylar and incisal guidance

The size of posterior teeth for a removable partial denture is determined primarily by which TWO of the following? A. The characteristics of the denture-supporting tissues B. The lip line of the patient C. The age of the patient D. The useful posterior tooth space

A. The characteristics of the denture-supporting tissues D. The useful posterior tooth space

The strength of a solder joint is proportional to its: A. Porosity B. Thickness C. Surface area D. None of the above

C. Surface area

The strongest phase in amalgam is A. Ag2Hg3 (Æ´1) B. Sn7-8Hg (Æ´2) C. Ag3Sn (Æ´) D. None of the above

C. Ag3Sn (Æ´) NOTES: Ag3Sn- gamma Ag2Hg3- gamma 1 Sn7-8Hg- gamma 2 Cu6Sn5- eta

The treatment plan for a patient indicates that both mandibular and maxillary immediate dentures are to be fabricated. The ideal way to do this is: A. Fabricate the maxillary immediate denture first B. Fabricate the maxillary and mandibular immediate denture first C. Fabricate the mandibular immediate denture first D. None of the above.

B. Fabricate the maxillary and mandibular immediate denture first

The type or form of clasp is generally selected after A. Looking at the x-rays B. Talking to the patient C. Surveying the cast D. The initial try-in of the metal framework

C. Surveying the cast

What are the requirements of a good provisional restoration? A. Provide pulpal protection B. Be able to be easily cleaned C. Have non-impinging margins D. All of the above

D. All of the above

What does quenching mean? A. Metal is elevated to a temperature above room temperature B. Metal is rapidly cooled from an elevated temperature to room temperature or below C. Softening a metal by controlled heating and cooling D. None of the above

B. Metal is rapidly cooled from an elevated temperature to room temperature or below

What is a non-rigid connector? A. An appliance that is used to connect two crowns rigid B. An appliance composed of a key and keyway that is used to connect one piece of a prosthesis to another C. A bar appliance that is used to maintain a space for a tooth that has not erupted D. None of the above

B. An appliance composed of a key and keyway that is used to connect one piece of a prosthesis to another

What is the purpose of vibrating dental plaster and stone when pouring? A. Eliminate air bubbles B. Minimize distortion C. Reduce setting time D. Increase the setting time

A. Eliminate air bubbles

What is the recommended prosthodontic treatment of a patient missing four maxillary incisors with severe ridge resorption and limited finances? A. No treatment B. Maxillary removable partial denture C. Fixed bridgework D. Maryland bridge

B. Maxillary removable partial denture

When an agar impression slightly contracts and exudes water, it is termed A. Imbibition B. Syneresis C. Hysteresis D. Gelation

B. Syneresis NOTES: Gelation- is the term given to the setting process (changing from a sol to a gel) of hydrocolloid material. Hysteresis- refers to a material's characteristic of having a melting temperature different from its gelling temperature Syneresis- the shrinkage and exudation of water Imbibition- occurs when the impression absorbs water, which expands the dimensions of the impression.

When border molding a mandibular complete denture, the extension of the lingual right and left flanges are best molded by having the patient A. Wet the lips with the tongue B. Purse the lips C. Swallow D. Open wide

A. Wet the lips with the tongue

When performing diagnostic occlusal adjustments on diagnostic casts, the mandibular cast should be mounted to the maxillary cast in an articulator using which of the following? A. A centric relation interocclusal record B. A hinge articulator C. A maximum intercuspation wax record D. A facebow transfer

A. A centric relation interocclusal record

When preparing a tooth for either a full-or partial-veneer casting, the functional cusp bevel is an integral part of the occlusal reduction phase. The functional cusp bevel: A. Enhances resistance form when buccal-to-lingual forces are applied B. Serves as a positive stop when the casting is seated during cementation C. Relieves the functional cusp from additional stresses when the restoration is loaded in the long axis of the tooth D. Provides space for restorative material of adequate thickness in an area of heavy occlusal contact

D. Provides space for restorative material of adequate thickness in an area of heavy occlusal contact

When surveying casts, the clinician/technician must perform an important step in order to correctly record the path of insertion, the position of the survey line and the location of undercut and non-undercut areas. Which of the following is considered to be that step? A. The recontouring of proximal walls of abutments parallel to the path of insertion B. The use of indelible lead marker C. Placing tripod marks on the cast to record of the cast to the surveyor D. Fixing the casts with screws on the surveying

C. Placing tripod marks on the cast to record of the cast to the surveyor

When treatment planning for fixed prosthodontics, which of the following information can be obtained by studying diagnostic casts EXCEPT A. The length of the abutment teeth can be accurately gauged B. The true inclination of the abutment teeth will be evident C. The presence of periodontal pockets D. Mesial/distal drifting, rotation, and faciolingual displacement of potential abutment teeth can be clearly seen

C. The presence of periodontal pockets❌

When using a linguoplate, the wax relief is extended from the anterior lingual mucosa to the marginal gingival in order to: A. Prevent contact of the metal to the mucosa and marginal gingiva B. Provide space for acrylic C. Allow movement of the major connect during function D. Prevent contact of metal to teeth

A. Prevent contact of the metal to the mucosa and marginal gingiva

Whenever possible the finish line should be placed A. Subgingival B. Supragingival C. Equigingival D. None of the above

B. Supragingival

Which is a main function of a guide plane surface contacted by a minor connector of an RPD? A. Provides positive path of placement and removal of an RPD B. Can provide additional retention C. Aids in preventing cervical movement D. Only A and B

D. Only A and B

Which is true of a minor connector of an RPD? A. Should be thin to not interfere with the tongue B. Should be located on a convex embrasure surface C. Should conform to the interdental embrasure D. All of the above

C. Should conform to the interdental embrasure

Which of components of zinc oxide eugenol impression paste functions as an accelerator of the setting time? A. Resin B. Resinous balsam C. Oil of cloves D. Calcium chloride

D. Calcium chloride

Which of the following are indications for fixed bridgework or important considerations to think about when contemplating the fabrication of fixed bridgework for a patient? A. The presence of suitable abutment teeth favorable crown/root ratio, adequate alveolar support, absence of apical pathology, etc B. Esthetics C. Patient motivation, including time availability D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following best describes Camper's line? A. It is the line running from the inferior border of the ala of the nose to the superior border of the tragus of the ear B. It is a line which is determined by the occlusal surfaces of the teeth C. It is a line which extends from the outer canthus of the eye to the superior border of the tragus of the ear D. None of the above

A. It is the line running from the inferior border of the ala of the nose to the superior border of the tragus of the ear

Which of the following ingredients will raise the coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction of feldspathic porcelain? A. Metallic oxides B. Leucite C. Silica D. Alumina

B. Leucite

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of linguoplate? A. High lingual frenum B. Severe anterior crowding C. For stabilizing periodontally weakened teeth D. None of the above

B. Severe anterior crowding

Which of the following is a disadvantage of dental porcelain? A. Poor esthetics B. Expansion C. Radioactivity D. Brittleness

D. Brittleness

Which of the following is defined as "The quality of a restoration to be firm, steady, constant, and not subject to change of position when forces are applied?" A. Retention B. Stability C. Adhesion D. Reciprocation

B. Stability

Which of the following is NOT true regarding indirect retention? A. It is a rest seat B. It is located as far anterior as possible C. The function is to prevent vertical dislodgement of the distal extension base of a removable partial denture D. It is usually an MO rest seat on a first molar

D. It is usually an MO rest seat on a first molar❌

Which of the following is the most frequent cause of porosities in a denture? A. Insufficient pressure on the flask during processing B. Insufficient material in the mold C. Rapid elevation in temperature to 212F D. Insufficient time for processing

A. Insufficient pressure on the flask during processing

Which of the following is the most likely cause of an occlusal rest fracture? A. Inadequate rest-seat preparation B. Improper rest location C. Structural metal defects D. Occluding against the antagonist tooth

A. Inadequate rest-seat preparation

Which of the following is the primary indicator of the accuracy of border molding? A. Adequate coverage of tray borders with the material used for border molding B. Stability and lack of displacement of the tray in the mouth C. Uniformly thick borders of the periphery D. None of the above

B. Stability and lack of displacement of the tray in the mouth

Which of the following landmarks is least relevant to the location of the posterior palatal seal area? A. pterygomaxillary notch B. vibrating line C. hamular process D. fovea palatinae

C. hamular process

Which of the following refers to the maximum stress which a material can endure without undergoing permanent deformation? A. Elastic limit B. Proportional limit C. Both of the choices above D. None of the choices above

A. Elastic limit

Which of the following statements is true concerning vertical dimension of rest (VDR)? A. VDR= physiologic rest position B. VDR= position of the mandible when opening and closing muscles are at rest C. VDR= amount of jaw separation controlled by jaw muscles when they are at a relaxed state D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which teeth should ideally provide the predominant guidance through the full range of movement in lateral mandibular excursion? A. Premolars B. First molars C. Incisors D. Canines

D. Canines

Which type of clasps are generally used on a tooth-supported removable denture? A. Combination clasp B. Circumferential clasp C. Wrought wire clasp D. None of the above

B. Circumferential clasp