Gen Path-Oral Path-Microbio-Embryo Flashcards by Gwendolyn Fegarido

The connective tissue layer surrounding each individual muscle fiber is called:

A. Epimysium
B. Perimysium
C. Endomysium
D. Sarcolemma

C. Endomysium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is TRUE of syphilis infection?

A. The primary form includes a highly infectious maculopapular rash.
B. It is treated with penicillin.
C. The secondary form is characterized by gumma formation.
D. It is caused by Mycobacterium infection

B. It is treated with penicillin.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following definitions is NOT correct regarding classical signs of acute inflammation?

A. Dolor →due to inflammatory mediators
B. Rubor →due in part to vasodilation
C. Tumor →due to tissue edema
D. Calor →due to decreased tissue perfusion

D. Calor →due to decreased tissue perfusion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Intranuclear inclusions called _______________ are detected during the course of herpes simplex virus clinical infection

A. Paschen bodies
B. Guarnieri’s bodies
C. Lipschutz bodies
D. Negri bodies

C. Lipschutz bodies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which disease produces diffuse enlargement of the thyroid with increased thyroid hormone production from the onset

A. Parkinson’s disease
B. Paget’s disease
C. Diabetes
D. Grave’s disease

D. Grave’s disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following is a disease that involves softening of the bones caused by deficiency of Vitamin D or problems with the metabolism of this vitamin?

A. Osteonecrosis
B. Osteomalacia
C. Ewing’s sarcoma
D. Multiple myeloma

B. Osteomalacia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An endocrine disorders which is characterized by upper body obesity, round face (moon face), and fat around the neck

A. Hypothyroidism
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Addison’s disease
D. Cushing’s syndrome

D. Cushing’s syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is associated with iron deficiency anemia with atrophy of mucous membrane, koilonychias and dysphagia

A. Plummer Vinson
B. Sickle cell anemia
C. Pernicious anemia
D. Aplastic anemia

A. Plummer Vinson

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hyperglycemia is characterized by blood glucose levels greater than

A. 100 mg/dL.
B. 125 mg/dL.
C. 75 mg/dL.
D. 90 mg/dL.

B. 125 mg/dL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Each of the following conditions can lead to tissue hypoxia EXCEPT

A. Decreased tissue perfusion.`
B. Decreased blood oxygenation.
C. Vascular ischemia.
D. None of the above.

D. None of the above

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following skin neoplasms is benign?

A. Keratoacanthoma
B. Melanoma
C. Squamous cell carcinoma
D. Pigmented nevus

D. Pigmented nevus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Passive immunization

A. Provides protection without hypersensitivity
B. Employs sensitized T-cells
C. Provides immediate protection
D. Provides long lasting projection

C. Provides immediate protection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Most viruses which cause common cold syndrome are:

A. Adenoviruses
B. Members of the chlamydial group
C. Arborviruses
D. Enteroviruses

A. Adenoviruses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Consider a patient who is unaware of the cardiac condition he is suffering from. You note splinter hemorrhages under his
finger nails. What is this clinical sign indicative of?

A. Endocarditis
B. Cardiac tamponade
C. Primary hypertension
D. Coronary artery disease

A. Endocarditis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Each of the following is a risk factor for atherosclerosis EXCEPT

A. Nephrosclerosis.
B. Smoking.
C. Premenopause.
D. Hypertension

C. Premenopause

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The stage in tooth development soon after lamina formation, dental lamina shows specific sites of mitotic activity

A. Cap stage
B. Bud stage
C. Germ stage
D. Bell stage

B. Bud stage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The sudden obstruction of some part of the vascular system through the impaction of undissolved material carried by the
blood current is known as

A. Embolism
B. Infarction
C. Hemorrhage
D. Thrombosis

A. Embolism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which of the following forms of sterilization is adequate for killing hepatitis B?

A. Ethylene oxide gas
B. Chemical vapor
C. Formaldehyde
D. Autoclaving

D. Autoclaving

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The first sign of tooth development as seen in histological sections occurs about the

A. Tenth week in utero
B. Second week in utero
C. Fourth month in utero
D. Sixth week in utero

D. Sixth week in utero

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tocopherol is a class of organic chemical may of which have _________ activity

A. Vitamin D
B. Vitamin A
C. Vitamin E
D. Vitamin K

C. Vitamin E

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gas gangrene is caused by

A. Clostridium tetani
B. Clostridium botulinum
C. Clostridium difficile
D. Clostridium perfringens

D. Clostridium perfringens

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

As the result of dental prophylaxis, microorganisms from about the teeth get into the blood streams. This condition is an
example of

A. Bacteremia
B. Septicemia
C. Pyemia
D. Focal infection

A. Bacteremia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Necrosis of cardiac muscle following coronary artery thrombosis is what type of necrosis?

A. Caseous
B. Gangrenous
C. Liquefactive
D. Coagulation

D. Coagulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A 6-year old boy has minute white specks on the oral mucosa opposite the first molars. A bluish to red ring surrounds these
spots. He also has a cold and his eyes are red and runny. There is a blotchy reddish rash behind his ears and on his face. This
child has:

A. Measles
B. Scarlet fever
C. Chickenpox
D. Eczema

A. Measles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which cells of the stomach produce intrinsic factor essential for Vitamin B12 absorption? A. Parietal cells B. Mucous neck cells C. Enteroendocrine cells D. Chief cells

A. Parietal cells

A disease with oro-pharyngeal lesions caused by coxsackievirus is called A. Herpangina B. Cat-scratch fever C. Salivary gland disease D. Infectious mononucleosis

A. Herpangina

A specific chromosome marker (Philadelphia chromosome) in which long arm of chromosome 22 is translocated characterizes A. Chronic myeloid leukemia B. Acute lymphocytic leukemia C. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia D. Acute myeloid leukemia

A. Chronic myeloid leukemia

Neutralization and inactivation of bacterial toxins is accomplished by A. Delayed hypersensitivity B. Cellular immunity C. Humoral immunity D. A and C

C. Humoral immunity

The correct temperature for autoclaving/ sterilization with moist heat is A. 250°F for 4 hours. B. 170°C for 1 hour. C. 320°F for 2 hours. D. 121°C for 15-20 minutes.

D. 121°C for 15-20 minutes

Which zone of the adrenal cortex secretes cortisol? A. Zona fasciculata B. Zona glomerulosa C. Zona reticularis D. All of the above

A. Zona fasciculata

Which of the following is the process of killing all microorganisms on an object or in a material? A. Sanitization B. Disinfection C. Sterilization D. Standardization

C. Sterilization

A dietary deficiency of vitamin B12 causes which of the following? A. Folate deficiency anemia B. Pernicious anemia C. Sickle cell anemia D. Plummer-Vinson syndrome

B. Pernicious anemia

Rheumatic fever is a disease which may leave the heart seriously damaged because of A. Primary infection of the heart valves with ?-hemolytic B. Primary infection of the heart valves with group A streptococci C. Streptococci D. Damage to the heart valves thought to be a result of hypersensitivity to infection with group A streptococci E. Damage to the heart valves thought to be a result of hypersensitivity to infection with hemolytic staphylococcus

D. Damage to the heart valves thought to be a result of hypersensitivity to infection with group A streptococci

Which of the following is TRUE of fungi? A. Cell walls are composed of ergosterol. B. Their asexual form of reproduction is via spores. C. They are gram positive. D. They are obligate anaerobes.

C. They are gram positive

Which of the following types of periodontal disease commonly presents with punched-out interproximal papillae, fetor oris, and marginal gingival pseudomembrane formation? A. Aggressive periodontitis B. Plaque-induced gingivitis C. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis D. Chronic periodontitis

C. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

Necrotizing papillitis and nodular glomerulosclerosis (Kimmelstiel-Wilson's syndrome) are renal lesions usually associated with A. Uremia B. Hydronephrosis C. Malignant hypertension D. Diabetes mellitus

D. Diabetes mellitus

It is the division of single tooth germ by an invagination with resultant incomplete formation of two teeth A. Gemination B. Fusion C. Mesiodens D. Concrescence

A. Gemination

The characteristic appearance of viral pneumonia is that of A. Bronchopneumonia B. Lobar pneumonia C. Lobular pneumonia D. Interstitial pneumonia

D. Interstitial pneumonia

Histologically, at what level glands (goblet cells) no longer present? A. Large Bronchioles B. Terminal bronchioles C. Trachea D. Bronchi

B. Terminal bronchioles

Bacteria that causes root caries A. Actinomyces viscosus B. Streptococcus mutans C. Veillonella sp. D. Lactobacillus acidophilus

A. Actinomyces viscosus

Which of the following is TRUE of cephalosporins? A. They are bacteriostatic. B. There is only one generation of the drug available. C. They contain beta lactam rings. D. They inhibit protein synthesis.

C. They contain beta lactam rings.

Involves the use of Carbolfuchsin stain, then alcohol decolorization and methylene blue counterstain A. Acid fast staining B. PPD testing C. Gram staining D. Mantoux testing

A. Acid fast staining

A type of muscle tissue which have striations, voluntary and peripherally located nucleus A. Eye muscle B. Smooth muscle C. Cardiac muscle D. Skeletal muscle

D. Skeletal muscle

The unlimited spread through the tissues of an exudate of acute inflammation is characteristic of A. Granulomatous infection B. Abscess C. Leukopenia D. Cellulitis

D. Cellulitis

An accumulation of pus, usually caused by a bacterial infection, is called a (an) A. Cyst B. Tumor C. Granuloma D. Abscess

D. Abscess

A condition of excessive mucus production and also known as blue bloaters A. Bronchiectasis B. Asthma C. Chronic bronchitis D. COPD

C. Chronic bronchitis

Fluid withdrawn from the peritoneal cavity of a patient complaining of a -swollen belly was found to be rich in protein with a specific gravity of 1.020 and exhibited a tendency to coagulate. Such a fluid indicates the presence of inflammation and is correctly called A. Serum B. Transudate C. Exudate D. Blood

C. Exudate

Hepatitis also known as serum hepatitis A. Hepatitis D B. Hepatitis A C. Hepatitis B D. Hepatitis C

C. Hepatitis B

Which of the following specialized mucosa is associated with the Von Ebner glands? A. Fungiform B. Circumvallate C. Filiform D. Foliate

B. Circumvallate

What is the most common cause of xerostomia? A. Medications B. Mouth breathing C. Tooth decay D. Hereditary

A. Medications

Each of the following is an antigen presenting cell EXCEPT A. Macrophages. B. PMNs C. Langerhans cells. D. B cells.

B. PMNs

Which of the following is TRUE of caries pathogenesis? A. Glucans and fructans inhibit the adherence of plaque to the tooth surface. B. Lactic acid build-up causes an increase in salivary pH. C. The most detrimental effect on salivary pH is frequency of carbohydrate intake. D. Sucrose is a by-product of glucan metabolism. The quantity of carbohydrate intake is not detrimental to salivary pH.

C. The most detrimental effect on salivary pH is frequency of carbohydrate intake.

Which of the following cells has the lowest radiosensitivity? A. Epithelial cells B. Lymphocytes C. Nerve cells D. Reproductive cells

C. Nerve cells

In which phase of the interphase does the DNA replicate in preparation for mitosis? A. G2 Phase B. G1 Phase C. M Phase D. S Phase

D. S Phase

The localized premature disintegration of the Hertwig's epithelial root sheath leads to the formation of the A. Cellular cementum B. Secondary cementum C. Intermediate cementum D. Acellular cementum

A. Cellular cementum

The antibody class most prevalent in human saliva A. IgD B. IgM C. Secretory IgA D. IgG

C. Secretory IgA

Which of the following definitions is correctly matched to its form of angina? A. Prinzmetal angina - most common type B. Stable angina - precipitated by exertion C. Unstable angina - most common type D. Stable angina - intermittent chest pain at rest

B. Stable angina - precipitated by exertion

Which of the following is TRUE of septic shock? A. Due to exotoxin release. B. Caused by injury to the CNS. C. Causes vasodilation D. It is a type I hypersensitivity reaction.

C. Causes vasodilation

Dead tracts refer to the A. Dentin B. Cementum C. Bone D. Enamel

A. Dentin

Which of the following bacteria is implicated in the majority of subacute bacterial endocarditis? A. Streptococcus mutans B. Streptococcus viridans C. Streptococcus sanguis D. Streptococcus epidermidis

B. Streptococcus viridans

Heart failure cells are lung macrophages which contain pigment granules derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin. The pigment is A. Bilirubin B. Hemosiderin C. Melanin D. Hematin

B. Hemosiderin

The leading cause of death from cancer in female is cancer of the A. Lung B. Colon C. Thyroid D. Breast

D. Breast

Chickenpox is produced by the varicella virus, which is the same agent, or is related to the agent, causing A. Hepatitis B. Rabies C. Herpes zoster D. Mumps

C. Herpes zoster

Which of the following bacteria possesses hyaluronidase and is known to cause glomerulonephritis? A. Helicobacter pylori B. Bordetella pertussis C. Streptococcus pyogenes D. Haemophilus influenzae

C. Streptococcus pyogenes

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the physiology of edema? A. There is a decrease in capillary permeability. B. There is a decrease in plasma colloid osmotic pressure. C. There is an increase in interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure. D. There is a decrease in capillary hydrostatic pressure.

C. There is an increase in interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure.

Each of the following regarding wound repair is true EXCEPT A. A large extraction socket heals by primary intention. B. The inflammatory stage occurs immediately after tissue injury. C. Healing by primary intention occurs at a faster rate than secondary intention. D. Secondary intention wound healing occurs when a sizable gap exists between margins

A. A large extraction socket heals by primary intention.

Each of the following is true regarding periodontal health EXCEPT A. Materia alba is largely composed of desquamated cells and is easily washed away. B. The epitactic concept states that calculus formation is independent of proteins. C. Chlorhexidine gluconate is the most effective anti plaque mouth rinse. D. Subgingival plaque is largely composed of gram-negative bacteria.

B. The epitactic concept states that calculus formation is independent of proteins.

The hardest substance in the body A. Dentin B. Cementum C. Enamel D. Alveolar bone

C. Enamel

The gingiva belongs to which type of hard palate and gingiva? A. Lining mucosa B. Specialized mucosa C. Masticatory mucosa D. Secretory mucosa

C. Masticatory mucosa

Each of the following illnesses is a histiocytosis X disease EXCEPT A. Letterer-Siwe disease. B. Eosinophilic granuloma. C. Haberman disease. D. Hand-Schüller-Christian disease.

C. Haberman disease

Which blood group has neither antigen A or B? A. AB B. O C. A D. B

B. O

Von Recklinghausen's disease is characterized by multiple ___________ A. Neurofibroma B. Hemangioma C. Osteoma D. Myeloma

A. Neurofibroma

The excess in growth hormone secretion that occurs before the closure of epiphysis is the A. Acromegaly B. Gigantism C. Dwarfism D. Infantilism

B. Gigantism

Using cassettes to process and re-circulate instruments in clinical settings can: A. Make instruments processing more efficient B. Increase organization of dental instruments C. Decrease handling of contaminated instruments during cleaning procedures D. All of the above

D. All of the above

For which type of hepatitis is there a commonly administered vaccine for healthcare workers? A. Hepatitis B B. Hepatitis D C. Hepatitis A D. Hepatitis C

A. Hepatitis B

The antibody which can cross the placenta is A. IgD. B. IgG. C. IgE. D. IgA.

B. IgG

Which of the following is most related to congenital syphilis? A. Taurodontia B. Turner's tooth C. Hutchinson's teeth D. Leong's premolar

C. Hutchinson's teeth

Each of the following diseases is caused by infection of Picornavirus EXCEPT A. Hepatitis B. B. Polio. C. Aseptic meningitis. D. Herpangina.

A. Hepatitis B

Acute osteomyelitis may be caused by many microorganisms, but statistically the one most frequently encountered is A. Actinomyces B. Bacteroides C. Streptococcus D. Staphylococcus

D. Staphylococcus

Water-insoluble polysaccharide produced during carbohydrate metabolism of S. mutans A. Dextran B. Glucan C. Sucran D. Fructan

D. Fructan

Cementum is the closest in composition to which of the following: A. Dentin B. Enamel C. Pulp D. Bone

D. Bone

Death of a portion of tissue or an organ in the body is called A. Necrosis B. Hypertrophy C. Ascites D. Atrophy

A. Necrosis

Which of the following is considered essential for the histologic diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease? A. Fibroblasts B. Reed-Sternberg cells C. Neutrophils D. Eosinophils

B. Reed-Sternberg cells

Approximately 1/3 of all principal fibers of the periodontal ligament are A. Apical B. Oblique C. Alveolar crest D. Horizontal

B. Oblique

Contact dermatitis, typical to exposure to the plant poison ivy, is what type of hypersensitivity? A. Type III (immune complex type) B. Type I (immediate type) C. Type IV (delayed type) D. Type II (cytotoxic type)

C. Type IV (delayed type)

A splitting of d-chromosome allowing its components-chromosome to separate each other occurs during A. Anaphase B. Metaphase C. Prophase D. Telophase

A. Anaphase

Enamel composition is: A. 30% inorganic and 70% organic B. 4% inorganic and 96% organic C. 96% inorganic and 4% organic D. 70% inorganic and 30% organic

C. 96% inorganic and 4% organic

Which of the following is TRUE about the bacterial growth curve? A. The initial phase is signified by increased cell death. B. There is increased metabolic activity during the lag phase. C. There is an exponential increase in bacterial growth during the log phase. D. Cell growth plateaus during the stationary phase.

C. There is an exponential increase in bacterial growth during the log phase.

Most bacteria contain some sort of polysaccharide layer outside of the cell wall polymer. Generally, this layer is called a: A. Plasma membrane B. Capsule C. Pellicle D. Cytoplasmic membrane

B. Capsule

Which of the following family of viruses is the causative agent of measles and mumps? A. Adenovirus B. Picornavirus C. Paramyxovirus D. Togavirus

C. Paramyxovirus

The brush border cells are found in the A. Small intestine B. Lung C. Kidney D. Liver

A. Small intestine

Rendu-Osler-Weber is a disease associated with A. Histiocytosis B. Hemangioma C. Fibrous dysplasia D. Neurofibromatosis

B. Hemangioma

Which of the following is defined as a fluid-filled sac lined by true epithelium? A. Cellulitis. B. Cyst. C. Granuloma. D. Abscess

B. Cyst

Which of the following is TRUE of subgingival plaque? A. It is located coronal to the gingival margin. B. It is not affected by diet and saliva. C. The calculus it forms is due to saliva. D. It is predominantly gram-positive facultative cocci.

B. It is not affected by diet and saliva.

Each of the following classifications of fractures is correctly matched with its definition EXCEPT A. Greenstick →bone cracks through one side only. B. Complete →bone bends but does not break. C. Open →bone pierces skin. D. Comminuted →bone is crushed into many pieces.

B. Complete →bone bends but does not break.

Which of the following cannot be prevented with a vaccine? A. Hepatitis B B. Primary varicella C. Infectious mononucleosis D. Smallpox

C. Infectious mononucleosis

Epithelial cellular atypicalities such as pleomorphism, nuclear hyperchromatism, loss of architectural orientation, and the return to normal with removal of the inciting stimulus are features of A. Metaplasia B. Dysplasia C. Anaplasia D. Neoplasia

B. Dysplasia

Which of the following would be an adequate treatment for Addison disease? A. Administer growth hormone B. Administer androgens C. Administer cortisol D. Administer aldosterone

C. Administer cortisol

Which of the following conditions is caused by backflow of acid and a weak lower esophageal sphincter? A. Gastroesophageal reflux disease B. Intestinal lymphangiectasia C. Hiatal hernia D. Mallory-Weiss syndrome

A. Gastroesophageal reflux disease

A serious acute infection usually involving the neck and throat which sometimes occurs as a result of the spread of infection from a periapical tissue abscess along the fascial planes of the neck is known as A. Herpangina B. Ludwig's angina C. Candidiasis D. Impetigo

B. Ludwig's angina