Prologue- The Story of Psychology

Question 1

structuralism

Answer 1

an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elements of the human mind

Question 2

functionalism

Answer 2

a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish

Question 3

behaviorism

Answer 3

the view that psychology should be an (1)objective science that studies (2)behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with 1 but not 2

Question 4

humanistic psychology

Answer 4

historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth

Question 5

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 5

the interdisciplinary study of the rain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

Question 6

psychology

Answer 6

the science of behavior and mental processes

Question 7

nature-nurture issue

Answer 7

the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture.

Question 8

natural selection

Answer 8

the principle that among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

Question 9

levels of analysis

Answer 9

the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon

Question 10

biopsychosocial approach

Answer 10

an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

Question 11

basic research

Answer 11

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Question 12

applied research

Answer 12

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Question 13

counseling psychology

Answer 13

a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being

Question 14

clinical psychology

Answer 14

a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people wit psychological disorders

Question 15

psychiatry

Answer 15

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy.