ch.3- Consciousness and the two-track mind

Question 1

consciousness

Answer 1

awareness of ourselves and the environment

Question 2

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 2

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

Question 3

dual processing

Answer 3

the principle that info is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

Question 4

selective attention

Answer 4

focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

Question 5

change blindness

Answer 5

failing to notice changes in the environment

Question 6

inattention blindness

Answer 6

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

Question 7

alpha waves

Answer 7

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

Question 8

hallucinations

Answer 8

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

Question 9

delta waves

Answer 9

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

Question 10

insomnia

Answer 10

recurring problems falling or staying sleep

Question 11

narcolepsy

Answer 11

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks; may go directly into REM sleep sleep, often at inopportune times

Question 12

sleep apnea

Answer 12

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

Question 13

night terrors

Answer 13

a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during stage 4 sleep, within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered

Question 14

reM rebound

Answer 14

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)

Question 15

depressants

Answer 15

drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow bodily functions

Question 16

barbiturates

Answer 16

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

Question 17

opiates

Answer 17

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

Question 18

stimulants

Answer 18

drugs (caffeine, nicotine, ecstasy, cocaine, amphetamines) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

Question 19

amphetamines

Answer 19

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

Question 20

methamphetamine

Answer 20

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, it appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

Question 21

lsd

Answer 21

powerful hallucinogenic drug

Question 22

hallucinogens

Answer 22

psychedelic drugs like lad that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

Question 23

ecstasy (MDMA)

Answer 23

a synthetic stimulant and mind hallucinogen, produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

Question 24

dissociation

Answer 24

a split in consciousness which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

Question 25

dissociation

Answer 25

a split in consciousness which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

Question 26

THC

Answer 26

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

Question 27

alcohol, heroin

Answer 27

list the depressants

Question 28

caffeine, methamphetamine, cocaine, nicotine, ecstasy

Answer 28

list the stimulants

Question 29

ecstasy, marijuana

Answer 29

list the mild hallucinogen