ch.7-Learning

Question 1

associative learning

Answer 1

learning that certain events occur together

Question 2

unconditioned response

Answer 2

unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (salivation)

Question 3

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 3

a stimulus that unconditionally- naturally and automatically- triggers a response (food)

Question 4

conditioned response

Answer 4

learned response to a previously neutral stimulus (salivation)

Question 5

conditioned stimulus

Answer 5

originally irrelevant stimulus that after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response(tone)

Question 6

acquisition

Answer 6

in CC, initial stage when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. In OC, the strengthening of a reinforced response

Question 7

higher-order conditioning

Answer 7

a second conditioned stimulus

Question 8

respondent behavior

Answer 8

behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus

Question 9

law of effect

Answer 9

Thorndike’s principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely and vice versa

Question 10

primary reinforcer

Answer 10

an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need

Question 11

conditioned reinforcer

Answer 11

a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power though its association with a primary reinforcer; aka secondary reinforcer

Question 12

mirror neurons

Answer 12

frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. The brain’s mirroring of another’s action may enable imitation and empathy

Question 13

prosocial behavior

Answer 13

positive, constructive, helpful behavior.