ch.9- Thinking and Language

Question 1

confirmation bias

Answer 1

a tendency to search for info that supports our idea and ignore contradictory evidence

Question 2

representative heuristic

Answer 2

an individual categorizes a situation based on a pattern of previous experiences or beliefs about the scenario.

Question 3

availability heuristic

Answer 3

how easily something that you’ve seen or heard can be accessed in your memory.

Question 4

Belief Perseverance

Answer 4

tendency or unwillingness to admit that their foundational premises are incorrect even when shown convincing evidence to the contrary.

Question 5

phoneme

Answer 5

smallest sound unit

Question 6

morpheme

Answer 6

smallest unit of meaning

Question 7

babbling stage

Answer 7

4 months, utters various sounds

Question 8

one-word stage

Answer 8

1-2 years, child speaks single words

Question 9

two word (telegraphic stage)

Answer 9

age 2, speak two words

Question 10

aphasia

Answer 10

inability to use language appropriately; amage to parts of the brain such as Broca’s (speaking problems) area or Wernicke’s area (understanding language problems).

Question 11

broca’s area

Answer 11

located in the frontal lobe (left hemisphere) of the brain and acts as the speech center.

Question 12

wernicke’s area

Answer 12

area of the brain that is very important in the development of language. The area is located on the left side of the brain, specifically on the left temporal lobe.

Question 13

linguistic determinism

Answer 13

Whorf’s hypothesis that language limits and determines human thought patterns and knowledge.