Prologue Flashcards
Structuralism
Founded by Wundt and Titchener, focused on structures of the mind. Discovered atom as unit of matter. Used self reflection and introspection.
Wilhelm Wundt
Father of psychology, created structuralism. Created first lab in studying reaction time.
Functionalism
Founded by William James and influenced by Darwin. Studied the evolutionary significance of functions of the mind. Determined that behaviors that work get kept and become habits, behaviors that don’t work become abandoned
William James
Established psychology as a field in education, founded functionalism
Psychoanalysis
Founded by Sigmund Freud, said that there is an unconscious mind that we are not aware of- our past affects our present personality.
Sigmund Freud
Worked with the unconscious mind, did dream analysis/hypnosis, free association founded psychoanalysis, father of psychotherapy
Behaviorism
Created by Watson and Skinner. View that psychology is an objective science based on observable behaviors.
Humanistic psychology
Based on Maslow and Rogers, emphasized influences on growth potential/our need for love and acceptance- environment impacts wellbeing. Stresses free will (in reponse to psycholanalysis and behaviorism, which said our mind was the result of our past/biology)
Cognitive psychology
How we think, problem solve, and store information- mind processes
Psychometric psychology
Design and evaluate tests of mental abilities, aptitudes, interests, and personality- using stats and measurement tools to study behavior
Positive psychology
Studies wellness and focus on protective behaviors
Cognitive neuroscience/biological psych
Biologically predetermined behaviors that are controlled in the brain- how the physical brain functions to control the mind
Evolutionary psychology
The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection
Social psychology
the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Social-cultural psych
How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures
Developmental psych
How our minds change as we age (womb to tomb)
Industrial/organizational psych
Examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change to optimize productivity and employee welfare
Counseling
Help people cope with challenges (minor issues)
Clinical
Studies, assess, and treats psychological disorders
Psychiatry
Provide medial treatment for psychological disorders
Personality psychology
Studies persistent personality traits
Basic research
Aims to increase knowledge of science
Applied research
Seeks to solve specific problems
Biopsychosocial approach to psych
Bio: genetics, natural selection, mutations
Psycho: learned fears, emotional responses, cognitive processing
Social: presence of others, expectations, influences, models
