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AP Psych masterlist > Cognition: memory > Flashcards

Cognition: memory Flashcards

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1
Q

sensory memory

A

mental representation of how environmental events look, sound, feel, smell, and taste

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2
Q

echoic memory

A

brief sensory memory of audible sounds

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3
Q

iconic memory

A

brief sensory memory of visual images

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4
Q

eidetic memory

A

photographic memory; total recall; brief sensory memory of an image with high precision for a brief period of time

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5
Q

short term memory

A

remembering pieces of info for a short period of time (up to 30 seconds)

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6
Q

working memory

A

temporarily hold a limited amount of information at the ready for immediate mental use

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7
Q

long term memory

A

unlimited storage of information maintained for long periods, can even be for life

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8
Q

capacity of working memory

A

7 chunks, +/- 2

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9
Q

encoding

A

translating info so it can be stored

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10
Q

automatic processing

A

we can’t not encode some things

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11
Q

effortful processing

A

focus on it to learn it

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12
Q

storage

A

how information is kept

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13
Q

maintenance rehearsal

A

repeating it over and over again until it can be stored

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14
Q

elaborative rehearsal

A

relate info to something you know

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15
Q

long term potentiation

A

long lasting increase in synaptic efficiency following high frequency stimulation

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16
Q

retrieval

A

getting info out of stored memory and using it

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17
Q

context dependent memories

A

rely on a specific place to be accessed

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18
Q

state dependent memories

A

rely on emotional or mental state

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19
Q

mood congruent memory

A

rely on their particular mood

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20
Q

flashbulb memory

A

remember a scene exactly as it was like a picture

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21
Q

episodic memory

A

remember a specific episode (autobiographical)

22
Q

semantic memory

A

info we just know (general knowledge)

23
Q

procedural memory

A

performance of difference actions and skills

24
Q

explicit memories

A

declarative; memories we know we have and can DECLARE (facts, general knowledge, experiences)

in hippocampus

25
Q

implicit memories

A

non-declarative; no conscious recall, skills, conditioning

in cerebellum

26
Q

prospective memory

A

remembering to perform a planned action or recall a planned intention

27
Q

decay

A

fading away from memories

28
Q

infantile amnesia

A

no episodic memories before age of 3

29
Q

source amnesia

A

remembering the correct event, but the wrong context

30
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

forgetting the past

31
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

inability to make new memories

32
Q

organic amnesia

A

damage to hippocampus/place in brain where the memory is stored

accident, disease

33
Q

inorganic amnesia

A

amnesia due to a traumatic experience, accident

34
Q

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

A

amnesia related to long term alcohol abuse

35
Q

HM

A

seizure surgery caused by severe anterograde amnesia

36
Q

retrieval cues

A

aspects of physical and cognitive environment which help recall

37
Q

proactive interference

A

old info disrupts new

38
Q

retroactive interference

A

new info disrupts old

39
Q

recognition

A

identifying info that has been encountered before

40
Q

recall

A

bringing something back to mind

41
Q

relearning

A

learning again what has been forgotten

42
Q

repression

A

the mind pushes away info as a defense mechanism

43
Q

serial position effect

A

tendency to remember info that is at the beginning or end of a series

44
Q

primacy effect

A

remember the first things we hear

45
Q

recency effect

A

remember the most recent things we hear

46
Q

deep processing

A

cognitive processing of a stimulus that focuses on meaningful properties

47
Q

shallow processing

A

cognitive processing of a stimulus that focuses on memorization, repetition, rereading, highlighting

48
Q

mnemonics

A

memory devices that help recall large pieces of info

49
Q

method of loci

A

mnemonic device in which someone imagines a physical location (mental images associated with specific positions/locations)

50
Q

peg-word system

A

mnemonic strategy to remember lists where each item is associated with a number-word pair

AP Psych masterlist (16 decks)

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