Consciousness

Question 1

dual processing

Answer 1

when your mind thinks on both a conscious and unconscious level- double road

Question 2

parallel processing

Answer 2

subconscious info processing occurs simultaneously on multiple parallel tracks

Question 3

serial processing

Answer 3

conscious processing takes place in sequence

Question 4

selective attention

Answer 4

your mind can only focus on one thing at a time and process limited information input, tunes out everything unimportant

Question 5

inattentional blindness

Answer 5

missing surrounding environment because we are solely focused on one stimuli

Question 6

cocktail party effect

Answer 6

type of selective attention
everyone at a gathering is talking, but you only pay attention to the one person you’re talking to

Question 7

change blindness

Answer 7

form of inattentional blindness
failing to notice changes in environment b/c you don’t expect them to occur

Question 8

choice blindness

Answer 8

form of inattentional blindness
failing to notice choices have changed, people don’t actually know their preference

Question 9

pop-out phenomenon

Answer 9

form of selective attention
when a strikingly distinct stimulus draws our attention and we only pay attention to that

Question 10

alpha waves

Answer 10

slow waves of a relaxed, awake brain

Question 11

beta waves

Answer 11

wide awake waves- excited

Question 12

theta waves

Answer 12

early, light sleep

Question 13

delta waves

Answer 13

large, slow waves of deep sleep

Question 14

stage 1 of sleep

Answer 14

alpha waves
easily woken
brief hallucinations (falling sensation)

Question 15

stage 2 of sleep

Answer 15

theta waves
sleep spindles (bursts of rapid brain waves) begin
sleep talking

Question 16

stage 3 of sleep

Answer 16

transitional, waves slow down (sometimes combined w/ 4)

Question 17

stage 4 of sleep

Answer 17

delta waves/deep sleep
growth hormone
sleep walking
wake feeling rested

Question 18

REM sleep

Answer 18

dream state
wake feeling rejuvinated
more sleep=more rem

Question 19

why is REM sleep considered “paradoxical sleep”?

Answer 19

Because muscles are generally relaxed/the body does not move (brain stem blocks messages from motor cortex), but heart rate, breathing, and brain waves increase in intensity, and eyes dart around.

Question 20

insomnia

Answer 20

inability to fall/stay asleep
cause: stress
treatments: sleeping pills, exercise, avoiding caffiene

Question 21

narcolepsy

Answer 21

periodic, overwhelming sleepiness
cause: genetic
treatment: none, drugs sometimes

Question 22

sleep apnea

Answer 22

periods of stopped breathing during sleep
cause: obesity
treatment: physical pump to keep airways open

Question 23

night terrors

Answer 23

episodes of walking, talking, increased heart rate/breathing, terror
cause: none, random
treatment: growing older
Occursduring stage 4

Question 24

Freud’s Wish Fulfillment

Answer 24

a dream theory that suggests dreams represent inner conflicts, otherwise unacceptable feelings, remembered content, and hidden meanings

Question 25

Information Processing

Answer 25

a dream theory that says dreams help sift, sort, and fix the day’s experience in our memory and consolidate memories.

Question 26

Activation Synthesis

Answer 26

a dream theory in which REM sleep triggers neural activity and evokes random visual memories, which our sleeping brains weave into stories

Question 27

hypnosis

Answer 27

a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

Question 28

social phenomena

Answer 28

theory that suggests hypnosis reflects the workings of the normal consciousness and the power of social influence. subjects feel and behave in ways that are appropriate for someone in hypnosis

Question 29

divided consciousness

Answer 29

a theory that suggests that hypnosis splits the consciousness (similar to every day mind splits), causing a disassociation between awareness and subconsciousness

Question 30

withdrawal

Answer 30

distress from stopping drug use

Question 31

physical dependence

Answer 31

physiological need for drug, withdrawal symptoms without

Question 32

psychological dependence

Answer 32

emotional attachment/relief/positive association with drug

Question 33

tolerance

Answer 33

drug’s effects diminish with continuous use, require higher dose

Question 34

addiction

Answer 34

compulsive cravings/use despite consequences

Question 35

alcohol

Answer 35

depressant; relaxes drinker, slows brain, reduces self awareness

Question 36

barbiturates

Answer 36

depressant; induce sleep, reduce anxiety, impaired memory

Question 37

opiates (morphine+heroin)

Answer 37

depressant; pleasure replaces pain/anxiety, disrupts endorphin production

Question 38

methamphetamine

Answer 38

stimulant; heightened energy/euphoria, enhance mood, disrupts dopamine baseline

Question 39

caffiene

Answer 39

stimulant; increased energy, impairs sleep

Question 40

nicotine

Answer 40

stimulant; peer pressure, insomnia, irritability

Question 41

cocaine

Answer 41

stimulant; rush of euphoria, cardiac arrest, respiratory failure

Question 42

ecstasy (MDMA)

Answer 42

stimulant+ hallucinogen; dopamine+serotonin floods, emotional elevation

Question 43

LSD

Answer 43

hallucinogen; euphoria+ hallucinations, panic, loss of oxygen

Question 44

marijuana

Answer 44

hallucinogen; enhanced sensation, relief of pain, distortion of time, relaxation

Question 45

manifest vs latent content

Answer 45

manifest content = actual literal subject matter of the dream
latent content = underlying meaning of the symbols

Question 46

sleep cycles

Answer 46

every 90 minutes, we cycle through the four sleep stages: 1-2-3-2-1-REM, then restart

Question 47

somnambulism

Answer 47

sleep walking