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AP Psych masterlist > Biopsych > Flashcards

Biopsych Flashcards

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1
Q

frontal lobe

A

location: behind forehead, front
functions: movement, critical thinking/planning (speaking, judging, emotions)

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2
Q

parietal lobe

A

location: top rear
functions: physical feeling (body position, touch)

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3
Q

occipital lobe

A

location: back of head
function: sight

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4
Q

temporal lobe

A

location: above the ears
functions: understanding speech, hearing

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5
Q

motor cortex

A

location: back of frontal lobe, spans L to R
function: movement

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6
Q

sensory cortex

A

location: front of parietal lobe, behind motor cortex
function: feeling (physical)

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7
Q

visual cortex

A

location: occipital lobes
function: sight

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8
Q

auditory cortex

A

location: temporal lobes
function: hearing

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9
Q

association areas

A

location: cerebral cortex
functions: connect/integrate info (identify sounds/recognize voices or songs)

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10
Q

nervous system

A

controls interaction between brain, spine, and neurons to transmit info

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11
Q

central nervous system

A

a part of the nervous system that only includes brain and spinal cord

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12
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

outer nerves of the nervous system that contains sensory receptors

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13
Q

somatic (skeletal) nervous system

A

a part of the peripheral nervous system that allows for muscle control

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14
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

automatic; internal organs; self-regulated

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15
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

arousing (fight or flight)

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16
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

calming (rest and digest)

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17
Q

brainstem

A

location: top of spinal cord
function: life processes

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18
Q

medulla

A

location: side of brain stem where it swells and attaches to the brain
functions: heart rate and breathing

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19
Q

pons

A

location: a small part of the brain stem at the bottom
functions: movement (intrinsic), (sleep)

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20
Q

reticular formation

A

location: long skinny neural fibers that run up and down the brain stem
functions: arousal (alive, alert, enthusiastic), consciousness (awake, asleep, coma)

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21
Q

thalamus

A

location: top of spinal cord, all info moves through it to other parts
function: directs sensory info, (senses besides smell)

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22
Q

cerebellum

A

location: back/bottom next to brainstem
functions: balance, coordination, (movement)

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23
Q

limbic system

A

location: middle of brain
functions: emotions, basic motives (food/sex)

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24
Q

amygdala

A

location: next to hippocampus
functions: anger, fear, (identifying emotions on someone’s face)

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25
Q

hypothalamus

A

location: middle of brain, below pituitary gland
functions: controls pituitary, indirectly controls all hormones, (hunger, body temp, sexual behavior, fight or flight, growth), reward system

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26
Q

cerebral cortex

A

location: all over brain like bone
functions: higher level function, (perceiving, thinking, speaking)

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27
Q

corpus collosum

A

location: middle of brain, bundle of fibers
function: connects the two hemispheres of brain

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28
Q

glial cells

A

location: throughout nervous system
function: support, nourish, protect

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29
Q

hippocampus

A

location: middle of brain near temporal lobe
function: memories (creation and retrieval)

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30
Q

parts of the brainstem

A

medulla, pons, reticular formation, thalamus

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31
Q

parts of the limbic system

A

amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus

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32
Q

neuron

A

building block for nervous system, carries messages
consists of a soma, dendrites, and an axon

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33
Q

sensory neuron

A

carries messages from tissues and organs to the brain and spinal cord

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34
Q

motor neuron

A

carries info from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands

35
Q

interneuron

A

communicates info inside brain/spinal cord between sensory+motor neurons

36
Q

dendrite

A

extensions on the neuron that receive messages (bushy-like branches)

37
Q

axon

A

end of neuron that sends messages to other neurons (has terminal branches on the end of the neuron)

38
Q

soma (cell body)

A

neuron’s control center, contains nucleus

39
Q

myelin sheath

A

layer of fatty tissue encasing neuron fibers that speeds up transmission for the axon

40
Q

action potential

A

a neural impulse, an electrical shock that travels down an axon

41
Q

threshold

A

the level of stimuli required to activate a nerve impulse

42
Q

synapse

A

junction between one axon and one dendrite of two neurons, allows for exchange of info

43
Q

neurotransmitter

A

creates polarization so that action potentials are made to carry info

44
Q

reuptake

A

neurons reabsorb neurotransmitters to avoid constant stimulation

45
Q

reflex

A

an automatic response to sensory stimulation (sensory neuron>spinal cord>interneurons>motor neurons>muscles)

46
Q

depolarization

A

positive ions enter the neuron, more prone to firing an action potential

47
Q

hyperpolarization

A

negative ions enter the neuron, less prone to firing an action potential

48
Q

refractory period

A

short rest period to recharge after firing

49
Q

all-or-none reponse

A

neuron either fires or doesn’t, not 50%

50
Q

endorphins

A

neurotransmitter- pleasure and pain control

51
Q

agonist

A

mimics shape and effect of neurotransmitter

52
Q

antagonist

A

blocks neurotransmitters from reaching receptors

53
Q

acetylcholine (ACh)

A

neurotransmitter- MOVEMENT, learning, memory
not enough=alzheimer’s

54
Q

dopamine

A

neurotransmitter- movement, learning, attention, emotion, reward seeking (always the bridesmaid never the bride)
too much=schizophrenia
too little=parkinson’s

55
Q

serotonin

A

neurotransmitter- mood, hunger, sleep, arousal
not enough=depression

56
Q

norepinephrine

A

neurotransmitter- fight or flight (alertness/arousal)

57
Q

GABA

A

inhibitory (alleviate brain activity)
Too much: Huntington’s
Too little: seizures, insomnia

58
Q

glutamate

A

excititory

59
Q

endocrine system

A

responsible for secretion of hormones for bodily chemical communication
location: glands, bloodstream, tissues, brain

60
Q

hormones

A

chemical messengers that affect tissues

61
Q

adrenal glands

A

triggers fight or flight response (increases heart rate, BP, blood sugar, energy)
location: on top of kidneys

62
Q

pituitary gland

A

growth, controls other glands
location: above hypothalamus

63
Q

thyroid

A

metabolism
location: front of neck

64
Q

parathyroid

A

regulates level of calcium in the blood
location: behind the thyroid

65
Q

pancreas

A

regulates blood sugar levels
location: in abdomen, behind stomach

66
Q

testis

A

secretes male sex hormones
location: testicles

67
Q

ovaries

A

secretes female sex hormones
location: uterus

68
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

records waves of electrical activity in the brain (neither structure nor function, just overall brain activity)

69
Q

PET (positron emission tomography scan)

A

depicts brain activity through each area’s glucose consumption (function)

70
Q

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

A

magnetic fields affects atoms to release signals in order to provide a picture (structure)

71
Q

fMRI (functional MRI)

A

records a video of blood use by brain structures during activities (function)

72
Q

CAT scan

A

x-ray of the brain to examine tissue density (structure)

73
Q

lesion

A

tissue destruction, either naturally or experimentally

74
Q

phrenology

A

a theory that bumps on the skull reveal mental abilities and character traits

75
Q

plasticity

A

the brain’s ability to change based on experience

76
Q

neurogenesis

A

the formation of new neurons

77
Q

split brain

A

a condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by surgically cutting the fibers connecting them

78
Q

left vs right brain functions

A

speech is on left (reading, speaking, verbal memories, grammar)
right= faces, patterns, music, emotional tone of speech

79
Q

broca’s area

A

for articulating and speaking words

80
Q

wernike’s area

A

language comprehension and deciphering

81
Q

terminal buttons

A

the small knobs at the end of an axon that release neurotransmitters

82
Q

afferent vs efferent

A

afferent neurons carry information from sensory receptors of the skin and other organs to the brain and spinal cord, whereas efferent neurons carry motor information away from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands of the body.

83
Q

neuroplasticity

A

the brain’s ability to change and adapt due to experience

AP Psych masterlist (16 decks)

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