Prokaryotic/Eukaryotic Test Flashcards
broadest taxon of Linnaeus’ classification hierarchy
The kingdom
Cocci
5 circles grouped together
most specific taxon of Linnaeus’ classification hierarchy
the species
eukaryotic
Cells that have a nucleus (protists, fungi, plants, animals)
prokaryotes
Cells that do not have a nucleus (bacteria, archairia)
Kingdoms and domains
Domains are broader categories than kingdoms.
basic defining characteristics of Bacteria
Larger in number of the 2 kingdoms (more types); live nearly everywhere.
- Usually surrounded by a thick cell wall containing peptidoglycan
basic defining characteristics of Archaea
Lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
- Are extremophiles
basic defining characteristics of Fungi
multicellular, eukaryotic, feeds of decomposing material, cell walls made of chitin, heterotroph
basic defining characteristics of plants
multicellular, eukaryotic, autotroph, cell walls made of cellulose
basic defining characteristics of animals
multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotroph, lack cell walls
is bacteria or archaea older?
bacteria
where does archaea live?
extreme conditions mostly
how would lack of light affect mushroom’s growth?
it wouldn’t, it doesn’t extract nutrients from the sun
how would lack of light affect plant’s growth?
completely, because photosynthesis won’t work without it
protist
any organism not fungus, plant, animal, or prokaryote
Why is Protista sometimes referred to as the ‘throwaway’ kingdom
it contains eukaryote that don’t fit into other kingdom
What does it mean to be an extremophile?
live and thrive in harsh environments other organisms can’t
What are the common names of animal-like protists and plant-like protists
protozoa and algae
Autotrophs
make their own food—- Plants
Gram postive
Stains purple, contains thick peptidoglycan cell wall
heterotroph
get energy from the food they eat– animals
Eukarya
Animalia, plantae, fungi, protista
Archaea
Archaeabacteria
Where does bacteria live
Almost everywhere
Bacilli
Soap shape
why fungus-like protists are not considered true fungi
They’re single celled and lack chitin.
Spirrilla
Spiral E
Gram negative
Stains pink, contains thin peptidoglycan layer under outer membrane
Bacteria
Eubacteria
