biology ch 8-9

Question 1

Photosynthesis

Answer 1

plants use the sun’s energy to make glucose

Question 2

pigment

Answer 2

molecule that selectively absorbs light

Question 3

chorophylll

Answer 3

main pigment of plants

Question 4

ATP

Answer 4

chemical source for energy for a cell

Question 5

What is the ultimate source of energy for all living things?

Answer 5

the sun

Question 6

How is ATP different from ADP in terms of numbers of phosphate?

Answer 6

ATP has 3 phosphates, ADP had 2.

Question 7

Know the equation for photosynthesis, and what the products and reactants are.

Answer 7

6C02+6H20 ====> C6H1206+602
Light
Carbon +water===> glucose to oxygen
dioxide

Question 8

Is photosynthesis an exothermic or endothermic reaction? Explain.

Answer 8

endothermic because it’s taking energy in to build the glucose

Question 9

Why do plant leaves appear green?

Answer 9

chlorophyll reflects green light

Question 10

How does ATP synthase make ATP?

Answer 10

Once three protons have entered the matrix space, there is enough energy in the ATP synthase complex to synthesize one ATP.

Question 11

Where do light independent reactions take place? What are these reactions called?

Answer 11

in the stroma- the empty space

the calvin cycle

Question 12

What is the ultimate outcome of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 12

glucose and oxygen

Question 13

Know 3 factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis, and be able to distinguish the effects of these factors in experimental data.

Answer 13

water light and temperature

Question 14

Understand the functions of roots, stems, and leaves, especially as they pertain to photosynthesis in a plant.

Answer 14

Roots Stems Leaves
↓ ↓ ↓
pull in resources transport produce
for the plants resources glucose

Question 15

Glycolysis

Answer 15

process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, creating 2 molecules

Question 16

Aerobic

Answer 16

requires oxygen

Question 17

What kinds of organisms use cell respiration?

Answer 17

bacteria, archaea, plants, protists, animals, and fungi

Question 18

How does the circulatory system (heart, blood, and vessels) work in conjunction with the respiratory system?

Answer 18

the circulatory system supplies oxygen and nutrients to our bodies by working with the respiratory system. At the same time, the circulatory system helps carry waste and carbon dioxide out of the body. Hormones — produced by the endocrine system — are also transported through the blood in the circulatory system

Question 19

why is the circulatory system and respiratory system working together important in terms of cell respiration?

Answer 19

Each time you breathe in, the respiratory system
takes in the oxygen that your cells require to carry out cellular respiration. Carbon dioxide and water are also produced when cells carry out cellular respiration. Your body gets rid of carbon dioxide every time you
breathe out.

Question 20

Know the equation for cell respiration. How do the products and reactants of cell respiration relate to those of photosynthesis?

Answer 20

6O2 + C6H2O6 ==>6CO2 + 6H2O +ATP
oxygen + glucose ==> carbon + water +energy
dioxide

Question 21

Is cell respiration exothermic or endothermic? Explain.

Answer 21

exothermic, it releases energy

Question 22

What is the ultimate outcome of cellular respiration?

Answer 22

energy

Question 23

Can multicellular organisms sustain fermentation

Answer 23

no

Question 24

Understand why cellular respiration is essential to multicellular life.

Answer 24

it provides the energy for living organisms to perform all of the other necessary functions to maintain life.

Question 25

Understand the type of fermentation conducted by humans, and the impact that its by-product can have on the body.

Answer 25

lactic acid fermentation. makes muscles burn during strenuous exercise.

Question 26

Understand the relationship between fermentation and glycolysis

Answer 26

fermentation is the sue of glycolysis to make ATP in the absence of of oxygen

Question 27

what is the purpose of making by-products through fermentation?

Answer 27

doesn’t use oxygen

Question 28

What condition leads to the process of fermentation being used?

Answer 28

no oxygen

Question 29

What are the possible by-products of fermentation?

Answer 29

lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation

Question 30

why does one of them make our muscles burn after strenuous exercise and which one?

Answer 30

the lactic acid and it builds up

Question 31

some of the food products that are made using fermentation.

Answer 31

cheese, yogurt, other dairy products

Question 32

How is ATP made through the e- transport chain?

Answer 32

the electron transport chain uses high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to make ADP into ATP

Question 33

How many ATP molecules are produced by fermentation/glycolysis? How many are produced by cellular respiration (including glycolysis)?

Answer 33

fermentation/glycolysis produces 2 ATP. cellular respiration produces 36 ATP - 2 glycolysis and 34 Krebs/Transportation chain

Question 34

Which is stored in the cell? Which is used for cellular energy?

Answer 34

ADP is stored then the extra phosphate is added to make ATP when the cell needs energy.

Question 35

How is this different from photosynthesis?

Answer 35

Photosynthesis: obtains energy, is endothermic, and takes place in the chloroplast. Cell respiration breaks down glucose for energy, is exothermic, and takes place in the mitochondria.

Question 36

An air-breathing organ (ABO), in addition to gill respiration, appeared in fishes about 400 M years ago. It consisted of a single primitive lung ventilated by a buccal pump. This breathing system was adopted by the first terrestrial tetrapods, and is largely preserved in current amphibians. In the Amniotes, the buccal pulsing pump has been replaced with a costal aspiration pump. In mammals, this ABO evolved into a bronchoalveolar lung. In “Reptiles”, the ABO is a partitioned lung with one or several cavities. It serves as a gas exchanger but also as an O(2) reserve, which allows for long periods of apnoea. In birds, the ABO is a tubular structure ventilated by unidirectional airflow. Such a breathing system allows for high rates of O(2) consumption. The diversity of structure and function of the Vertebrate lung should not be analysed as a progression of increasing complexity towards mammal lungs, but rather as diverse responses to varying environmental conditions and phylogenic constraints, and to the challenge of acquiring oxygen necessary for aerobic metabolism.

Answer 36

okay