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english, nm history, theology, biology, spanish > bio ch 7 > Flashcards

bio ch 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

what organic chemistry studies

A

study of carbon containing compounds

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2
Q

significance of homeostasis with regards to enzymes

A

Cells depend on enzymes to speed up the many chemical reactions that keep the cell alive–enzymes work best at particular temperatures and homeostasis maintains a constant body temperature.

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3
Q

Organelles

A

structures within a cell that have special functions (little organs)

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

portion of cell outside the nucleus Cyto = cell

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5
Q

three parts of the cell theory

A

All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things (smallest units of life)
New cells are made from existing cells

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6
Q

how we find the objective when viewing a sample under a microscope

A

To get the total magnification take the power of the objective (4X, 10X, 40x) and multiply by the power of the eyepiece,

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7
Q

prokaryotes

A

Cells that do not have a nucleus (bacteria, archairia)

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8
Q

eukaryotes

A

cells that have a nucleus(protists, fungi, plants, animals)

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9
Q

what are diffusion and osmosis forms of

A

passive transport

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10
Q

exocytosis

A

taking material out of cell

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11
Q

endocytosis

A

taking materials into the cell

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12
Q

multicellular life

A

Multicellular organisms specialize their cells for particular task & communicate with each other, ususally with hormones to mantain homeostasis

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13
Q

single celled organisms

A

Single celled creatures grow, respond to environment, transform energy & reproduce.

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14
Q

how active transport differs from diffusion or osmosis

A

Active transport requires chemical energy because it moves biochemicals from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration. Passive trasport doesn’t require energy because it moves biochemicals from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

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15
Q

cells impacted by isotonic solutions

A

cell is unchanged

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16
Q

cells impacted by hypotonic

A

cell swells as water enters to dilute the [high] outside the cell

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17
Q

cells impacted by hypertonic

A

cell shrinks as water leaves the cell to dilute [high] outside the cell

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18
Q

osmosis

A

Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

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19
Q

what it’s called when diffusion stop

A

It’s called equilibrium when it stops:

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20
Q

when does diffusion stop

A

Diffusion stops when molecules are even throughout space

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21
Q

what direction diffusion travels

A

all over

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22
Q

what establishes diffusion

A

particles

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23
Q

Scientist who produced ‘Photo 51’, an X-ray diffraction pattern of DNA

A

rosalind franklin

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24
Q

Brilliant American scientist whose progress on DNA’s structure put great pressure on the British teams to find a solution

A

linus pauling

25
Q

Frustrated and disgruntled, this scientist showed Photo 51 to other scientists without the consent of the photo’s owner.

A

maurice wilkins

26
Q

An Austro-Hungarian biochemist who found that certain nitrogenous bases always existed in specific proportions.

A

erwin chargaff

27
Q

Passionate American scientist who ‘put the pieces together,’ developing a successful model of DNA

A

james watson

28
Q

British scientist who had calculated the predicted X-ray diffraction pattern of a double helix.

A

francis crick

29
Q

theory

A

a well tested explanation supported by verified hypothesis and broad explanation

30
Q

inference

A

a logical interpretation of an observation

31
Q

homeostasis

A

constant internal temperature

32
Q

what is science and what is it not?

A

a process but not a belief system

33
Q

science’s goals

A

provide explanation for events in the natural world

use them to understand patterns + make useful predictions

34
Q

General process of experimental design

A

designed experiment that has all variables controlled save one. if the changed one affects the experiment, its concluded that its involved with the observed phenonenom

35
Q

What is the purpose of a control?

A

a setup that has all conditions unchanged from the original scenario

36
Q

dependent variable

A

result to the independent variable

37
Q

independent variable

A

the variable in the experiment that’s been changed from the control set-up

38
Q

Hypothesis

A

research prediction that can be testable, hypothesis are most effective using if…then…because statements-researched positions

39
Q

qualitative data

A

data that is descriptive can’t be counted or measured

40
Q

quantitative data

A

data that can be counted or measured

41
Q

bias

A

personal preference in or point of view should be avoided in scientific research

42
Q

speculation

A

a hypothesis that can be tested

43
Q

characteristics of all living things

A

made of cells, can reproduce, contains DNA, can grow+develop, has a metabolism & use materials for energy, maintain homeostasis & evolution

44
Q

photosynthesis

A

plants use the sun’s energy to make glucose

45
Q

pigment

A

molecule that selectively absorbs light

46
Q

chlorophyll

A

main pigment of plants

47
Q

What condition leads to the process of fermentation being used?

A

no oxygen

48
Q

what is the purpose of making by-products through fermentation?

A

doesnt use oxygen

49
Q

Understand the relationship between fermentation and glycolysis

A

fermentation is the sue of glycolysis to make ATP in the absence of of oxygen

50
Q

Can multicellular organisms sustain fermentation

A

no

51
Q

Understand why cellular respiration is essential to multicellular life.

A

it provides the energy for living organisms to perform all of the other necessary functions to maintain life.

52
Q

Is cell respiration exothermic or endothermic? Explain.

A

exothermic, it releases energy

53
Q

What is the ultimate source of energy for all living things?

A

the sun

54
Q

How is ATP different from ADP in terms of numbers of phosphate?

A

ATP has 3 phosphates, ADP had 2.

55
Q

Is photosynthesis an exothermic or endothermic reaction? Explain.

A

endothermic because it’s taking energy in to build the glucose

56
Q

nucleotide

A

monomers that make up DNA

57
Q

double helix

A

two strands wound around each other

58
Q

dna polymerase

A

enzyme responsible for DNA replication

59
Q

functions of nucleic acid

A

they’re macromolecules that store or transmit RNA - genetic information

english, nm history, theology, biology, spanish (34 decks)

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