NEW MEXICO HISTORY FINAL Flashcards
US citizen from prominent family who fought for Pancho Villa before being executed by mexican forces
Thomas Fountain
conflict lasted nearly a decade; Diaz, Carranza, Obregon, and Villa all participated in it
Mexican Revolution
female agricultural workers who labored in place of the men during WW1
women’s land army
dictator overthrown by his own people
Porfirio Diaz
1st hispanic to receive Distinguished Service Cross for bravery
Marcelino Serna
manhunt involving nearly 10,000 soldiers, 1st organized military endeavor in which the US used motorized vehicles and airplanes
Punitive Expedition
means people at home could eat what they made and soldiers got more food on the front lines
victory gardens
means by which the US government used to raise revenue for the war. NM bought nearly twice as much than the government asked
Liberty Bonds
message intercepted in 1917 revealing german plans of Mexican invasion of US= US entering the war
Zimmerman Telegram
regarded as a hero, Mexican commander who ordered an attack on Columbus NM in the spring of 1916
Pancho Villa
group of250 public speakers sent to spread updated news of the war
Five minute men
WW1 training camp in Kansas that prepared many NMs, also WW1 training camp on the outskirts of NM campus
Camp funston
navajo woman who survived the Spanish flu when it hit the Fort Defiance Indian school and dedicated her life to healthcare
Annie Dodge Wauneka
Washington E Lindsa
NM’s governor during WW1
NM senator who who tried to protect his Mexican business interests by encouraging US to intervene against Pancho Villa
Albert b. Fall
pre-printed postcards given to soldiers on the front lines that would allow them to send letters home w/o giving away info on war
Field cards
SPX graduate and the 1st commander of the USS New Mexico, a Virginia-class nuclear submarine
Robert dain
the promise P. Woodrow Wilson secured form Germany after the sinking of the Lusitania that ensured an end to attacks on American citizens and kept us out of the way
Sussex Pledge
training camp for the 34th Sandstorm Division during WW1, located near Deming
Camp Cody
US commander in charge of both the American Punitive Expedition and the American Expeditionary Force
Gen. John J. Pershing
The formal resolution of the Mexican-American War that transferred political control of NM to the United States
Treaty of guadalupe Hidalgo
NM’s resistment to US occupation comes to a head on February 3, 1947 when Col. Price’s troops reach Taos and back NMs & Native Americans into the Taos church, San Geronimo that has thick adobe walls. They make their last stand there when the US forces bring out cannons to breach the wall. Between 150 to 200 NMs were killed, & the rest surrendered
Taos Revolt
a group of corrupt lawyers & politicians who controlled New Mexico politics during its territorial period
santa fe ring
NM congressional delegate who jeopardized our bid at statehood during the 1870s with a poorly-considered public gesture
stephen b. elkins
territorial governor appointed during the Mexican-American War & scalped in his home at the beginning of the Revolt of 1847
charles bent
a famous late 19th century feud between two factions in southern NM, made Billy the Kid a household name, murders between businesses sparked by John Tunstall’s death
Lincoln County War
his death in 1909 cemented in many Americans’ minds the fact that the Indian Wars of the West were a thing of the past
geronimo
infamous symbol of the violence, criminality, & lawlessness of the NM territory during the late 19th century
billy the kid bonney
legendary explorer, trader, & military commander who was charged with carrying out the forced removal of the Navajo
kit carson
the foremost opponent of New Mexico statehood in Congress during the first decade of the 20th century
albert bevridge
protected Hispanic access to the ability to vote and to integrated education
ironclad causes
meeting held in 1910 at which 100 delegates from all of NM’s counties developed a government for our state
constitutional convention
discoverer of an archaeological site that proved the Americas were inhabited by humans nearly 10,000 years before Christ
George McJunkin
anthropologist who curated NM’s exhibit at the Panama-California Exposition
Edgar lee Hewett
handsome cowboy silent-film star, made dozens of films in Las Vegas, NM during the 1910s
tom mix
most influential individual at NM’s Constitutional Convention; a very wealthy Republican sheep rancher from Valencia County
soloman luna
international exhibition held in San Diego during 1915-1916, organized to commemorate the completion of a canal that revolutionized commerce between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of America
panama-california exposition
developed a unique “black on black” pottery style that earned international accolades
Maria Martinez
ill-fated settlement south of Roswell that perished due to a lack of water
blackdom
longstanding foreign policy that kept the US from becoming involved in European wars for nearly 100 years until the US entered WWI in 1917; named after the fifth US president
monroe doctrine
lunger, survived and became NM architect; designed Pueblo Revival buildings
John Gaw Meem
brought broken wagon wheel to Taos in 1898; founder of TSA
Ernest Blumenshein
wealthy NY feminist; tried to make Taos, NM an avant-garde spot
Mabel Dodge Luhan
painter; knew Mabel & moved to NM; lived at Ghost Ranch
georgia o’keefe
British novelist; knew Mabel & moved to NM; hated tourists
d. h. lawrence
elite art group; many members trained in Europe; Phillips, B. Shein
TSA
place for TB sufferers; open-air cottages; many later turned into NM hospitals
sanatoriums
ranch turned fancy hotel; popularized by Tom Mix; helped NM ranchers, way for people to experience western life in safe ways; pretty much a joke to westerners
ranch turned fancy hotel; popularized by Tom Mix; helped NM ranchers
started 1919, Zozobra, one of the tourist attractions
santa fe fiesta
opened 1927, winds from Chicago to LA; brought 1000s of tourists to NM monthly
route 66
made the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor illegal
18th amendment
change to the Constitution that gave women the vote
19th amendment
influential and well-educated advocate for passage of the 19th Amendment in New Mexico
nina-otero warren
Secretary of the Interior under Hoover convicted of taking bribes and sent to jail
albert b. fall
name for people who produced illegal alcohol during Prohibition
bootleggers
Albuquerque politician during the 1930s who was able to draw a lot of federal money to NM
clyde tingley
NM senator whose Washington connections served him well in attracting New Deal programs to NM
dennis chavez
area of the Southern plains hit by an environmental disaster during the 1930s
dust bowl
name for a large set of 1930s policies that greatly expanded the government’s role in the economy
new deal
president who was, fairly or unfairly, blamed for the advent of the Great Depression
herbert hoover
federal agent who attempted to give Native Americans in New Mexico more independence
john collier
New Deal program that employed painters and sculptors
FAP
bootcamp-style program that hired young men to work for 6 month stints
civilian conservation corps
american president who made the decision to use nuclear weapons against japan
harry truman
specially trained group of translators whose language skills helped the U.S. win decisive victories in the Pacific
navajo code talkers
65-mile ordeal that resulted in the brutal suffering and demise of nearly 900 New Mexicans
bataan death march
coordinated effort between Mexico and the United States that increased Mexican immigration into the US during WWII
bracero program
secret coordinated endeavor begun after Roosevelt received a letter from Einstein that employed over 100,000 Americans across the country
Manhattan Project
American physicist who led the team of scientists who worked secretly in Los Alamos
J. Robert Oppenheimer
disguised Japanese prisoner transports that were frequently, and ironically, targets for American bombers
hell ships
place where the very first atomic weapon was detonated on July 16, 1945
trinity site
locations in Lordsburg and Santa Fe where American citizens were unconstitutionally detained because of their ethnicity
internment camps
surprise Japanese attack that killed over 2000 Americans and prompted US entry into WWII
pearl harbor
acclaimed Albuquerque war-time journalist who was killed while reporting on the front-line in the Pacific
ernie pyle
unofficial war that resulted in the deaths of nearly 54,000 American soldiers between 1950-1953
korean conflict
hysterical search for Communists in influential American industries
McCarthyism
Isleta pueblo teacher whose 1949 federal court case earned Native Americans in NM the right to vote
Miguel trujillo
jumped out of a helium balloon at nearly 103,000 feet above White Sands Proving Grounds
joseph kittinger jr.
Gallup soldier whose bravery earned him the Congressional Medal of Honor
hiroshi miyamura
federal legislation that gave veterans financial aid to help them establish careers and households in civilian life
GI Bill
controversy that resulted in the Archbishop of Santa Fe removing many Catholic nuns from teaching positions in New Mexico public schools
Dixon School Case
accident involving a nuclear weapon
broken arrow
enclosed pace to protect from nuclear explosion
fallout shelter
closed in 1994, it was one of the largest nuclear weapons storage facilities in the nation during the Cold War
manzano base
sacred site that returned to the control of Taos Pueblo after nearly sixty years of advocacy and activism
blue lake
controversial nuclear waste storage facility near Carlsbad that took nearly 30 years to develop and officially opened in 1999
WIPP
Texas-born, self-taught political activist who led an armed insurrection against the Rio Arriba county government during the late 1960s
reies lopez tijerina
home of Strategic Air Command, the bombing squad that would deliver atomic weapons in the event of a Soviet nuclear attack, until its closure in 1967
walker air force base
heavily-protested US military engagement in Asia during the 1960s that ended with a Communist takeover of an area the US had pledged to defend
vietnam conflict
Hispanic youth protesters at college campuses
chicano
organization developed to return possession of many New Mexico lands to their original Hispanic owners
la alianza federal de mercedes
organization formed By Dolores Huerta, tried to improve working conditions for mirgants + families, led 5 year boycott against grape growers
united farm workers
young Navajo student who turned to violence after his attempts to stop the exploitation of his people by the mayor of Gallup failed
larry casuse
pioneering Albuquerque balloonist and outdoor sports enthusiast who is responsible in part for two of Albuquerque’s biggest tourist attractions
ben abruzzo
Why did people in the US oppose NM becoming a state
because of the largely hispanic & native american population that was considered “too foreign” meaning not loyal to the US. this idea was helped by the Taos Revolt, Bent being scalped and everyone being killed.
How’d territorial politics hurt nm
The Santa Fe Ring was in charge of New Mexico = corrupt government.
