NEW MEXICO HISTORY FINAL Flashcards by Jami S.

US citizen from prominent family who fought for Pancho Villa before being executed by mexican forces

Thomas Fountain

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conflict lasted nearly a decade; Diaz, Carranza, Obregon, and Villa all participated in it

Mexican Revolution

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female agricultural workers who labored in place of the men during WW1

women’s land army

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dictator overthrown by his own people

Porfirio Diaz

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1st hispanic to receive Distinguished Service Cross for bravery

Marcelino Serna

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manhunt involving nearly 10,000 soldiers, 1st organized military endeavor in which the US used motorized vehicles and airplanes

Punitive Expedition

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means people at home could eat what they made and soldiers got more food on the front lines

victory gardens

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means by which the US government used to raise revenue for the war. NM bought nearly twice as much than the government asked

Liberty Bonds

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message intercepted in 1917 revealing german plans of Mexican invasion of US= US entering the war

Zimmerman Telegram

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regarded as a hero, Mexican commander who ordered an attack on Columbus NM in the spring of 1916

Pancho Villa

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group of250 public speakers sent to spread updated news of the war

Five minute men

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WW1 training camp in Kansas that prepared many NMs, also WW1 training camp on the outskirts of NM campus

Camp funston

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navajo woman who survived the Spanish flu when it hit the Fort Defiance Indian school and dedicated her life to healthcare

Annie Dodge Wauneka

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Washington E Lindsa

NM’s governor during WW1

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NM senator who who tried to protect his Mexican business interests by encouraging US to intervene against Pancho Villa

Albert b. Fall

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pre-printed postcards given to soldiers on the front lines that would allow them to send letters home w/o giving away info on war

Field cards

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SPX graduate and the 1st commander of the USS New Mexico, a Virginia-class nuclear submarine

Robert dain

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the promise P. Woodrow Wilson secured form Germany after the sinking of the Lusitania that ensured an end to attacks on American citizens and kept us out of the way

Sussex Pledge

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training camp for the 34th Sandstorm Division during WW1, located near Deming

Camp Cody

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US commander in charge of both the American Punitive Expedition and the American Expeditionary Force

Gen. John J. Pershing

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The formal resolution of the Mexican-American War that transferred political control of NM to the United States

Treaty of guadalupe Hidalgo

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NM’s resistment to US occupation comes to a head on February 3, 1947 when Col. Price’s troops reach Taos and back NMs & Native Americans into the Taos church, San Geronimo that has thick adobe walls. They make their last stand there when the US forces bring out cannons to breach the wall. Between 150 to 200 NMs were killed, & the rest surrendered

Taos Revolt

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a group of corrupt lawyers & politicians who controlled New Mexico politics during its territorial period

santa fe ring

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NM congressional delegate who jeopardized our bid at statehood during the 1870s with a poorly-considered public gesture

stephen b. elkins

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territorial governor appointed during the Mexican-American War & scalped in his home at the beginning of the Revolt of 1847

charles bent

a famous late 19th century feud between two factions in southern NM, made Billy the Kid a household name, murders between businesses sparked by John Tunstall's death

Lincoln County War

his death in 1909 cemented in many Americans’ minds the fact that the Indian Wars of the West were a thing of the past

geronimo

infamous symbol of the violence, criminality, & lawlessness of the NM territory during the late 19th century

billy the kid bonney

legendary explorer, trader, & military commander who was charged with carrying out the forced removal of the Navajo

kit carson

the foremost opponent of New Mexico statehood in Congress during the first decade of the 20th century

albert bevridge

protected Hispanic access to the ability to vote and to integrated education

ironclad causes

meeting held in 1910 at which 100 delegates from all of NM’s counties developed a government for our state

constitutional convention

discoverer of an archaeological site that proved the Americas were inhabited by humans nearly 10,000 years before Christ

George McJunkin

anthropologist who curated NM’s exhibit at the Panama-California Exposition

Edgar lee Hewett

handsome cowboy silent-film star, made dozens of films in Las Vegas, NM during the 1910s

tom mix

most influential individual at NM’s Constitutional Convention; a very wealthy Republican sheep rancher from Valencia County

soloman luna

international exhibition held in San Diego during 1915-1916, organized to commemorate the completion of a canal that revolutionized commerce between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of America

panama-california exposition

developed a unique “black on black” pottery style that earned international accolades

Maria Martinez

ill-fated settlement south of Roswell that perished due to a lack of water

blackdom

longstanding foreign policy that kept the US from becoming involved in European wars for nearly 100 years until the US entered WWI in 1917; named after the fifth US president

monroe doctrine

lunger, survived and became NM architect; designed Pueblo Revival buildings

John Gaw Meem

brought broken wagon wheel to Taos in 1898; founder of TSA

Ernest Blumenshein

wealthy NY feminist; tried to make Taos, NM an avant-garde spot

Mabel Dodge Luhan

painter; knew Mabel & moved to NM; lived at Ghost Ranch

georgia o'keefe

British novelist; knew Mabel & moved to NM; hated tourists

d. h. lawrence

elite art group; many members trained in Europe; Phillips, B. Shein

TSA

place for TB sufferers; open-air cottages; many later turned into NM hospitals

sanatoriums

ranch turned fancy hotel; popularized by Tom Mix; helped NM ranchers, way for people to experience western life in safe ways; pretty much a joke to westerners

ranch turned fancy hotel; popularized by Tom Mix; helped NM ranchers

started 1919, Zozobra, one of the tourist attractions

santa fe fiesta

opened 1927, winds from Chicago to LA; brought 1000s of tourists to NM monthly

route 66

made the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor illegal

18th amendment

change to the Constitution that gave women the vote

19th amendment

influential and well-educated advocate for passage of the 19th Amendment in New Mexico

nina-otero warren

Secretary of the Interior under Hoover convicted of taking bribes and sent to jail

albert b. fall

name for people who produced illegal alcohol during Prohibition

bootleggers

Albuquerque politician during the 1930s who was able to draw a lot of federal money to NM

clyde tingley

NM senator whose Washington connections served him well in attracting New Deal programs to NM

dennis chavez

area of the Southern plains hit by an environmental disaster during the 1930s

dust bowl

name for a large set of 1930s policies that greatly expanded the government’s role in the economy

new deal

president who was, fairly or unfairly, blamed for the advent of the Great Depression

herbert hoover

federal agent who attempted to give Native Americans in New Mexico more independence

john collier

New Deal program that employed painters and sculptors

FAP

bootcamp-style program that hired young men to work for 6 month stints

civilian conservation corps

american president who made the decision to use nuclear weapons against japan

harry truman

specially trained group of translators whose language skills helped the U.S. win decisive victories in the Pacific

navajo code talkers

65-mile ordeal that resulted in the brutal suffering and demise of nearly 900 New Mexicans

bataan death march

coordinated effort between Mexico and the United States that increased Mexican immigration into the US during WWII

bracero program

secret coordinated endeavor begun after Roosevelt received a letter from Einstein that employed over 100,000 Americans across the country

Manhattan Project

American physicist who led the team of scientists who worked secretly in Los Alamos

J. Robert Oppenheimer

disguised Japanese prisoner transports that were frequently, and ironically, targets for American bombers

hell ships

place where the very first atomic weapon was detonated on July 16, 1945

trinity site

locations in Lordsburg and Santa Fe where American citizens were unconstitutionally detained because of their ethnicity

internment camps

surprise Japanese attack that killed over 2000 Americans and prompted US entry into WWII

pearl harbor

acclaimed Albuquerque war-time journalist who was killed while reporting on the front-line in the Pacific

ernie pyle

unofficial war that resulted in the deaths of nearly 54,000 American soldiers between 1950-1953

korean conflict

hysterical search for Communists in influential American industries

McCarthyism

Isleta pueblo teacher whose 1949 federal court case earned Native Americans in NM the right to vote

Miguel trujillo

jumped out of a helium balloon at nearly 103,000 feet above White Sands Proving Grounds

joseph kittinger jr.

Gallup soldier whose bravery earned him the Congressional Medal of Honor

hiroshi miyamura

federal legislation that gave veterans financial aid to help them establish careers and households in civilian life

GI Bill

controversy that resulted in the Archbishop of Santa Fe removing many Catholic nuns from teaching positions in New Mexico public schools

Dixon School Case

accident involving a nuclear weapon

broken arrow

enclosed pace to protect from nuclear explosion

fallout shelter

closed in 1994, it was one of the largest nuclear weapons storage facilities in the nation during the Cold War

manzano base

sacred site that returned to the control of Taos Pueblo after nearly sixty years of advocacy and activism

blue lake

controversial nuclear waste storage facility near Carlsbad that took nearly 30 years to develop and officially opened in 1999

WIPP

Texas-born, self-taught political activist who led an armed insurrection against the Rio Arriba county government during the late 1960s

reies lopez tijerina

home of Strategic Air Command, the bombing squad that would deliver atomic weapons in the event of a Soviet nuclear attack, until its closure in 1967

walker air force base

heavily-protested US military engagement in Asia during the 1960s that ended with a Communist takeover of an area the US had pledged to defend

vietnam conflict

Hispanic youth protesters at college campuses

chicano

organization developed to return possession of many New Mexico lands to their original Hispanic owners

la alianza federal de mercedes

organization formed By Dolores Huerta, tried to improve working conditions for mirgants + families, led 5 year boycott against grape growers

united farm workers

young Navajo student who turned to violence after his attempts to stop the exploitation of his people by the mayor of Gallup failed

larry casuse

pioneering Albuquerque balloonist and outdoor sports enthusiast who is responsible in part for two of Albuquerque’s biggest tourist attractions

ben abruzzo

Why did people in the US oppose NM becoming a state

because of the largely hispanic & native american population that was considered “too foreign” meaning not loyal to the US. this idea was helped by the Taos Revolt, Bent being scalped and everyone being killed.

How’d territorial politics hurt nm

The Santa Fe Ring was in charge of New Mexico = corrupt government.