Prokaryotes: pt. 2 Flashcards
What is the bacterial capsule (what is it made of)?
Organized, protective layer made of polysaccharides
What are the functions of bacterial capsules?
- Protects against viruses/ other substances
- Resists immune cell phagocytosis
What are bacterial slime layers?
Unorganized, easily removable protective layer that covers capsule.
What are the functions of the slime layer?
- Protects against environment/antibiotics
- Adhere to smooth surfaces
- What are bacterial glycocalyx?
- Where are they located?
- Polysaccharides that extend from surface of bacterium.
- Extend from both capsule and slime layers.
What is the main function of glycocalyx?
Aid in attachment to solid surfaces.
- What is the S-layer of bacterium?
- Where is it located?
Regular structured layer that attaches directly to:
Peptidoglycan layer (gram positive)
Lipopolysaccharide layer (gram negative)
What are the functions of the s-layer in bacterium?
Protect against ion/pH change,
osmotic pressure,
and other bacteria
Give the names for microbes with:
1) one flagella
2) one flagellum on one end
3) Flagella clusters on one end
4) one flagellum on each end
5) Flagellum cluster on each end
1) monothricous
2) Polar
3) Lopothrocous
4) Amphitrichous
5) Amiphilotrichous
- Flagella movement that moves smoothly through liquid:
- Peritrichous flagella movement in moist surfaces:
- Swimming
- Swarming
Bacterial, jerky movement through use of pili on solid surfaces:
Bacterial smooth movement on solid surfaces:
- Twitching
- Gliding
Bacterial movement by way of chemical attractants and repellants:
Chemotaxis
What are the shorter extensions made of protein that aid in motility, attachment, and conjugation known as:
Pili
What are the bacterial cell structures that:
- contain cell’s chromosomes
- contain genomes
- circular, separated, DNA
- site of protein synthesis
- space for nutrients, enzymes, and gas
- Nucleoid
- Chromosome
- Plasmid
- Ribosomes
- Inclusions
What are the dormant cells that are formed within certain bacterial cells known as?
Endospores