Eukaryotes pt.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three types of microscopic eukaryotes?

A
  1. Fungi
  2. Protozoa
  3. Helminths
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2
Q

What are the main differences of the flagella of eurkaryotic cells?

A
  • Covered by cell membrane (thicker)
  • a 9+2 microtubule arrangement
  • move in a whiplash manner
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3
Q

What are cilia?

A

External structure, used for motility, found only in Protozoa and animal cells

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4
Q

What is the arrangement of cilia?

A

More common than flagella. 9+2 microtubule arrangement.

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5
Q

Where are the glycocalyx located on eukarotic cells?

A

Make direct contact with the outside environment.

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the glycocalyx of eukaryotic cells?

A

Protection and adherence

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7
Q

What type of eukaryotic cells have a cell wall?

A

Only Fungi and Algae

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8
Q

How are the layers of the cell walls of eukaryotic cells composed?

A

Thick inner layer (made of chitin or cellulose)

and

thin outer layer (mixed glycans)

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9
Q

How is the nucleus of eukaryotic cells composed?

A

Surrounded by nuclear envelope with holes call nuclear pores for transportation into nucleus.

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10
Q

What structure is found within the nucleus?

What is its purpose?

A

Nucleolus

  • site of rRNA ribosome synthesis
  • houses chromosomes
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11
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum (purpose) of eukaryotic cells?

A

Tunnel network used for transportation and storage.

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12
Q

Where is the rough ER of eukaryotic cells located?

A

Starts at nuclear envelope

ends at cell membrane

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the rough ER?

A

Transports material/ ribosomes (rough) from nucleus to cytoplasm to cell exterior.

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14
Q

What is the smooth ER and what is ts purpose.

A

Closed tubular network used for processing nutrients and synthesizing lipids.

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15
Q

What is the golgi complex (purpose) of eukarotic cells?

A

Non continuous organelle, where proteins are modified and transported

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16
Q

What are the folds and inside of the ER and Golgi known as?

A

folds= cisternae

inside= lumen

17
Q

The ER is the site of ____ where the golgi receives ____.

A

Transition vesicle

proteins

18
Q

What macromolecules do the golgi complex add?

A

Polysaccharide and lipids

19
Q

The golgi complex is the site of ______ ______ where material is sent to lysosome or outside cell.

A

Condensing Vesicle

20
Q

What are lysosomes and where are they made?

A

Vesicle organelle made in the golgi.

21
Q

Where are the enzymes of lysosomes made?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

22
Q

What are the jobs of Lysosomes?

A
  1. Intracellular digestion
  2. Degrading old organells
  3. Protection from invading microorganisms
23
Q

What are vacuoles (purpose)?

A

Membrane bound sacs used for

  1. Digestion
  2. Storage of fats and glycogen
  3. Excretion (protozoa expel water)
24
Q

How do vacuoles become suited for digestion?

A

Fuse with lysosome to become phagosome.

25
Q

What are the jobs of mitochondria?

A
  • Supplies power
  • Enzymes and electron carrier for aerobic respiration
26
Q

Why is it theorized that mitochondria are descendents of bacteria?

A

Divide independently from cell.

Have circular DNA

Have different sized ribosomes (similar to bacteria)

27
Q
  • What are Chloroplasts?
  • What is their purpose?
A
  • Organells found in algae and plant cells.
  • Produces organic nutrients for other organisms

and

produces oxygen gas

28
Q

What are thylakoids of chloroplasts?

What is their purpose?

A

Sacs in the membranes of chroplasts.

Turn into granum that contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis

29
Q

What is the stroma of chloroplasts and what is its purpose?

A

Surrounds thylakoids

Used in carb synthesis