Chemistry for Micro Flashcards
What are isotopes?
Same element with differing numbers of neutrons.
- What are single bonds?
- What are double bonds?
- Covalent bonds in which 1 electron is shared
- Covalent bonds in which two electrons are shared
Name types of bonds from strongest to weakest:
1) Covalent bonds
2) Ionic bonds
3) Hydrogen bonds
What is ionization?
Charged particles produced when dissolved in aqueous solution.
- How are most organic comounds bonded?
- How do they typically react in water?
- Covalently.
- Not soluble.
- How are inorganic compounds typically bonded?
- How do they typically react in water?
- Ionic bonds
- Soluble
- What are functional groups?
- What are they used for?
- Groups of common molecules found in organic compounds.
- To define compound and show how it reacts
What are macromolecules?
Biochemical compounds made of monomers into polymers.
What are carbohydrates and the bonds that bind them?
Macromolecule made of monosaccharides through glycosidic bonds.
What are glycosidic bonds?
How are they formed?
Bonds that link sugar to other molecules.
Through dehydration synthesis
What are the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates?
Monomer= monosaccharides
Polymer= Disaccharide and polysaccharides
What are the functions of carbohydrates?
Provide structure support and energy.
Give an example of how carbohydrates provide structure:
Cellulose found in cell walls of plants and algae
What is are the carbohydrates found in cell walls of most bacteria?
What is the other important molecule found in some bacteria?
- Peptidoglycan
- Lipopolysaccharide
What are the functions of lipids?
Storage of energy and membrane structure.
What are the four types of lipids?
- Triglycerides
- Phospholipids
- Steroids
- Waxes
What are triglycerides?
Lipids used for storage of energy.
Made of glycerol and 3 fatty acids.
What are:
a) saturated lipids
b) unsaturated lipids
a) Lipids whose carbons all have single bonds
b) Lipids with at least one carbon that has a double bond
What are phospholipids?
Lipids made of glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group
What makes phospholipids perfect for membrane structure.
They are amphipathic
- The head is hydrophilic while the tail is hydrophobic
What are proteins?
What are their functions?
Macromolecule made of amino acids that provide storage of energy, signaling, and enzymes.
How are proteins bonded together?
Through covalent peptide bonds;
What three things comprise the structure of amino acids?
- An amine group
- A carboxyl group
- A subgroup called R-groups
- What are nucleic acids?
- What are the monomers that comprise them?
- Macromolecules that include DNA and RNA.
- Nucleotides
How do lipids bond together?
Through ester bonds
How do nucleic acids bond together?
Through phosphodiester bonds.
