Prokaryotes

Question 1

Prokaryotes

Answer 1

organisms whose cells do not contain a distinct nucleus, bounded by a nuclear envelope, in contrast to eukaryotic organisms that do have distinct nuclei.

Question 2

Bacteria

Answer 2

Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in their millions, in every environment, both inside and outside other organisms.

Some bacteria are harmful, but most serve a useful purpose. They support many forms of life, both plant and animal, and they are used in industrial and medicinal processes.

Question 3

Plasmids

Answer 3

Double stranded DNA in a circular structure

Often contain additional genes that aid the bacterium’s survival, such as antibiotic resistance or toxin producing genes

Question 4

Nucleoid

Answer 4

Region where single circular, length of DNA is folded

DNA carries all essential info

Question 5

Cell Wall

Answer 5

It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. It provides the cell with both structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering mechanism

Made up of peptidoglycan, a long-chained molecule made up of a sugar and amino acids

Question 6

Capsule

Answer 6

Polysaccharide layer outside the cell Wall

Protects cells from dying out, being engulfed by, for example, white blood cells

Helps cells to stick to surfaces

Question 7

Gram-positive bacteria

Answer 7

Do retain the gram stain cuz the thick peptidoglycan wall absorbs the stain and they do not have an outer wall

Question 8

Gram-negative bacteria

Answer 8

Do not retain the gram stain (crystal violet) when washed with acetone and absolute alcohol cuz their cell wall has an outer layer

Question 9

Ribosome

Answer 9

makes proteins

70s (a measure of size by rate of sedimentation)

Question 10

Gram stain (crystal violet)

Answer 10

method of staining used to distinguish and classify bacterial species into two large groups