Professional Orientation & Ethical Practice Flashcards
The _______ are:
- enhance human development for the entire life span
- embrace diversity and multicultural factors since clients are unique
- promote social justice
- safeguard the integrity of the counselor-client relationship
- to practice counseling in an ethical/safe manner
Pg. 475
ACA code of ethics values
The six foundational _________ for ethical behavior are:
- autonomy
- maleficence
- beneficence
- justice
- fidelity
- veracity
Pg. 475
principles
________ or the notion that a client has a right to control their own life
Pg. 475
autonomy
________ meaning the counselor never uses strategies/interventions or other behavior that could cause harm
Pg. 475
maleficence
________ meaning the counselor practices for the good of society as well as the client
Pg. 475
beneficence
________ or the idea that all clients are treated fairly and there is equality
Pg. 475
justice
________ meaning the counselor keeps promises
Pg. 475
fidelity
________ the helper is truthful (e.g., provides a truthful diagnosis)
Pg. 475
veracity
801
Which group was most instrumental in opposing counselor licensure?
a. social workers
b. psychiatrists
c. psychologists
d. AAMFT members
Pg. 480
c. psychologists
802
In the late 1970s, AACD (aka ACA) began to focus very heavily on professional credentialing. This led to the formation of the _________.
Pg. 480
NBCC (National Board for Certified Counselors)
803
By passing the NCE, a counselor can attain the _______, given via NBCC,
Pg. 481
NCC, a generic certification for counselors
National certification can be used on a national basis unlike ________, which tend to be primarily state specific. They are conferred by the individual state and not the federal government.
Pg. 482
licenses
804
Which choice would most likely violate the counseling ethic or law termed “scope of practice”?
a. A counselor who is using good, accurate empathy with a client, but fails to confront her about her excessive drinking.
b. A licensed counselor ho gives the client a DSM diagnostic code for insurance.
c. A counselor who is too active-directive with a client.
b. A counselor who is conducting a strict Freudian psychoanalysis with the client.
Pg. 482
b. A counselor who is conducting a strict Freudian psychoanalysis with the client.
**“scope of practice” concept suggests that counselors should only practice using techniques for which they have been trained. Most counselors are not trained in classical analysis.
805
Ethical guidelines were first created for the helping professions in 1953 when the American Psychological Association (APA) published their first code of ethics. The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) created their code in 1960, and in 1961, the organization that is now ACA adopted ethics for counselors. Ethics always describe _________.
Pg. 482
standards of conduct imposed by the ACA and NBCC
Ethics set forth by one organization may not be identical to those spelled out by another organization. However, if your state sends you ethical guidelines that are state statutes after you secure your license, then in this instance your guidelines will be the _____. Approximately 20 states use the ACA ethical code, and in these states the Code would likely qualify as the _____.
Pg. 483
law; law
806
Most ethical dilemmas are related to _______.
Pg. 483
confidentiality
When does confidentiality end?
According to ACA ethical guidelines, counselors have an obligation to protect the confidentiality of the _______ and this should be stated clearly in your informed consent document given to the client at the beginning of treatment.
Can you break confidentiality when a client dies and share nice things that the client said about a family member with the family member? _____
Can you break confidentiality if a mother of a deceased client wants to know whether the client hated them or not? _____
Can a counselor attend a funeral or a wedding? You must ask yourself whether it might be beneficial, and if asked say you know the client professionally.
Pg. 484
deceased; yes; no
807
The landmark 1969 case, Tarasoff vs. the Board of Regents of the University of California illuminated _________.
Pg. 484
the duty to warn a client in imminent danger
The ________ case is often cited as an example of a professional helper’s “duty to warn” a person of serious and foreseeable harm to themself or to others.
Pg. 485
Tarasoff vs. the Board of Regents of the University of California
Some states require that a report be made to a designated state agency within a brief period of time, ___________, if someone is in “clear or present danger”.
Pg. 485
generally 24 hours
808
A counselor reveals information that is extremely damaging to a client’s reputation. This counselor could be accused of __________.
Pg. 485
defamation
809
State laws can govern title usage and practice, however, they do not govern _________.
Pg. 486
accreditation
Most suicides occur in the ________ and about ______% of your client will give warning signs.
Pg. 488
spring at the end of April or May; 75-80%
811
A statement of disclosure could include all EXCEPT:
a. A list of the courses the counselor took in graduate school.
b. The counselor’s qualification, office hours, and billing policies.
c. Emergency procedures and therapy techniques utilized.
d. A statement that confidentiality is desirable, but cannot be guaranteed in a group setting.
Pg. 488
a. A list of the courses the counselor took in graduate school.
Some states now require a statement of disclosure be given to all potential clients. The procedure of giving the client this document and having them read it and sign it is sometimes referred to as “__________”. the client has the information to consent to the treatment.
Pg. 488
“informed consent”
812
Privileged communication refers to the fact that anything said to a counselor by a client ________.
Pg. 488
will not be divulged outside the counseling setting without the client’s permission
A counselor-client relationship protected by privileged communication is one in which the _______ (not the counselor or the court) can choose not to have confidential information revealed during a legal proceeding (generally on the witness stand). The _______ is the holder of the privilege.
Pg. 488
client; client
**memory device: it is the “client’s privilege” to reveal.
813
In regard to state law and privileged communication, counselors must be aware that _________.
Pg. 489
laws are unclear and may vary from state to state
_________ communication is not applicable in cases of child abuse, neglect, or exploitation; suicide or homicide threats; criminal intentions; clients in dire need of hospitalization; or in cases where a counselor is the victim of a malpractice lawsuit.
Pg. 489
privileged
_________ communication does NOT apply to minors (although their legal guardians generally hold privilege) or those who are mentally incompetent.
Pg. 489
privileged
814
When counselors say that privileged communication is “qualified,” they actually mean that __________.
Pg. 489
exceptions may exist
Privileged communication is based on _______ status rather than one’s graduate degree or certification credentials.
Pg. 490
licensure
815
You are a counselor in a state that does not legally support privileged communication. You refuse to testify in court. In this situation _________.
Pg. 490
you could be held in contempt of court
816
An 11-year-old child comes to your office with a black eye and tells you she can’t remember how she received it. You have reason to suspect abuse. You should _________.
Pg. 490
call the child abuse/neglect hotline
Counselors are ________ for child abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, or exploitation. It is ethical and legal to break confidentiality in such cases. You must report child abuse, it’s the law!
Pg. 490
mandated reporters
The word ________ means that a counselor does not have a choice in the matter.
Pg. 490
mandated
All of the following are _________ to maintaining confidentiality:
- client is a danger to self or others.
- client requests a release of information.
- a court orders a release of information.
- the counselor is engaged in a systematic supervision process.
- clerical assistants who process client information and papers.
- legal and clinical consultation situations.
- client raises the issue of the counselor’s competence in a malpractice lawsuit.
- the client is less than 18 years of age. (If a client is a minor, a parent or guardian can demand that information be disclosed that was revealed during a session.)
- an elderly person is abused.
- an insurance company or managed care company requests a diagnosis and/or relevant clinical information.
Pg. 491
exceptions or limitations
Counselors are only _________ while they are performing professional duties. For example, if you witness child abuse in a grocery store when you are not performing counseling duties you do not HAVE to report it - you have the choice.
Pg. 491
mandated reporters
817
During a counseling session a 41-year-old male client threatens suicide. You should _________.
Pg. 491
contact his wife and advise her of possible suicide precautions.
818
A 39-year-old female secretary you are seeing in your assertiveness training group reveals that she is plotting to shoot her husband. Based on the Tarasoff case you should _________.
Pg. 492
warn the husband
**Tarasoff implies that a responsible helper will warn an intended victim.
Professionals generally adhere to the principle of _________, which suggests that you reveal only what is necessary.
Pg. 492
minimal disclosure
The _______ case suggests that therapists should warn others (i.e., third parties) who also may be in danger.
Pg. 492
Hedlund
819
You pass your exam and now have NCC status. You perform a battery of tests on your client. After you complete the testing you discover your client is in imminent danger. You receive a legal court order to turn over the test scores. You __________.
Pg. 492
you must turn over the test records complete with the test scores
**Counselors are told that normally you would NOT release a client’s test or assessment results without prior written consent. The exception: When there is clear and imminent danger or when legally required to do so by a government agency or court order.
_________ means that a practitioner adheres to the highest possible ethical standards.
Pg. 493
aspirational ethics
820
One impetus (driving force) for counselor licensing was that _________.
Pg. 493
psychology licensure bodies sought to restrict the practice of counselors so counselors could not receive third-party payments from insurance and managed care companies
821
A counselor who possesses a graduate degree wishes to become a licensed psychologist. Which statement most accurately depicts the current situation?
Pg. 494
In nearly every case, individuals trained in counseling departments would not be allowed to sit for the EPPP and thus could not become licensed psychologists.
822
A woman who is in private practice mentions in her phone book advertisement that she is a licensed counseling psychologist. This generally means that __________.
Pg. 494
she has a graduate degree from a psychology department
_________ accredits master’s degree programs in
career counseling college counseling community counseling gerontological counseling marital, couple, and family counseling/therapy mental health counseling school counseling student affairs counselor education and supervision doctoral degree programs.
The largest of these is school counseling, and second is community counseling. The smallest of the programs is gerontological counseling.
Pg. 495
CACREP
823
One major difference between the psychology vs. the counseling movement seems to be that _________.
Pg. 495
psychologists are working to eliminate practitioners with less than a doctorate, while counselors are not
824
APA is to psychologist as ACA is to ________.
Pg. 496
counselor
825
You have achieved the status of NCC. NBCC, nevertheless, feels you have violated professional ethics. NBCC can do any of the following EXCEPT:
a. Revoke your state counseling license
b. Remove your name from the list of NCCs in the U.S.
c. Revoke your NCC status
d. Note in their newsletter that your NCC status has been revoked
Pg. 496
a. Revoke your state counseling license
**Certification is not the same as licensing. You must be certified in order to call yourself a certified counselor.
826
A counselor who is alcoholic and suffering from burnout could best be described as ________.
Pg. 497
an impaired professional
_________ is a term used to describe a helper who does not possess the education and experience necessary to secure professional credentials.
Pg. 497
paraprofessional
**Think ASH employee (JWR)
827
Counselor certification ________.
Pg. 497
recognizes that you have reached a given level of competence and thus are authorized to use a title
829
Virginia was the first state to license counselors in 1976. The APGA (later AACD and now ACA) division that was initially the most instrumental in pushing for licensing was the ___________.
Pg. 498
American Counselor Education and Supervision (ACES)
830
The problem with income-sensitive or sliding fee scales (based on the client’s ability to pay) is that _________.
Pg. 499
it is difficult to administer them in a fair manner
831
One possible negative aspect of counselor licensure is that _________.
Pg. 499
counselors may not be as creative during their graduate work and simply take courses aimed at fulfilling the requirements to take the licensure exam
832
A client wants his records sent to a psychiatrist he is seeing. You should _________.
Pg. 500
first have the client sign a dated release of information form that stipulates whether the information can be released once (or for what period of time it can be released) and then you can send the information
833
You are a licensed professional counselor in one state but will soon relocate to another state. The new state informs you that they will grant you reciprocity or so-called endorsement. You with thus _________.
Pg. 500
be permitted to practice in the new state based on your current credentials without taking another exam
834
According to the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) of 1974 (also known as the Buckley Amendment) ___________.
Pg. 501
a parent can see his or her daughter’s middle school record & an 18-year-old college student can view their own educational record
835
You are a school counselor who wishes to refer a student with an orthopedic disability to a private therapist. In general, the best referral would be to _________.
Pg. 502
a CRC (Certified Rehabilitation Counselor)
A certification specialty of NBCC known as MAC is _________.
Pg. 502
Master Addictions Counselor
836
A registry would be ________.
Pg. 502
a list of providers
EX: list of licensed psychologists in a state, or a list of CRCs (Certified Rehabilitation Counselor) in the U.S.
837
A counselor wins the lottery and closes her practice without telling her clients. This counselor’s course of action is best described as ________.
Pg. 502
abandonment
839
A counselor who sports NCC after her name will need to complete ____ hours of professional development/continuing education within a 5 year period.
If she does not complete the hours she will need to __________.
Pg. 504
100; take the NCE again
840
You find yourself sexually attracted to a client. This is known as _________.
Pg. 504
countertransference
841
Your sexual attraction toward your client is hindering the counseling process. You should _________.
Pg. 504
explain this to the client and then refer the client to another provider
**note the word “hindering”! If therapy was not hindered then personal therapy is recommended for the therapist to overcome this countertransference.
According to the NBCC code, even one inappropriate behavior on the part of the helper/therapist constitutes _________.
Pg. 505
sexual harassment
842
A malpractice or liability insurance company is least likely to defend you if __________.
Pg. 505
you are sexually involved with a client
Some states will revoke your license for ________ even if it occurs outside of the session and even if the client has consented. Even if the client is not damaged or harmed by the experience, your license can be revoked.
Pg. 505
sexual misconduct
Some insurance companies pay smaller settlements or no settlement at all in _______ cases. Some companies will even cancel the insurance and the possibility of finding another company to insure you is very difficult.
Pg. 505
sexual misconduct
_____ ethics stipulate that you should not engage in sexual intimacies with a former client within a minimum of 2 years after terminating the counseling relationship. If you engage in a sexually intimate relationship with a former client after 2 years you must document that the relationship was not exploitative in nature.
_____ ethics indicate that a minimum of 5 years must pass before the counselor engages in a sexually intimate relationship with a former client.
Pg. 505
NBCC; ACA
Some states even stipulate that behaviors such as ________ a client are unethical.
Pg. 506
hugging
843
Computers are now being used in various counseling settings. Counselors speak of computer-assisted counseling (CAC) and computer-managed counseling (CMC). An office that employs a computer to schedule clients would be an example of _________.
Pg. 506
CMC
____ is like having a counseling “assistant” do the counseling for you. A computer software program that attempts to counsel clients is an example of this in action.
Pg. 506
CAC (computer-assisted counseling)
844
A college student who suffers from panic disorder types his symptoms and concerns onto a PC screen and then waits for the computer program to respond or question him further. This student engages in this practice for a 40-minute session per week. This is an example of ______.
Pg. 506
CAC (computer-assisted counseling)
845
A counselor educator has created a research study. He is using students as research subjects. This is commonplace. Participation or lack of it cannot impact the student’s __________.
Pg. 507
academic standing
NBCC’s code tells us that if you use clients in a research study you _______ stipulate that they must participate in order to receive counseling services.
Pg. 507
may not
846
What best describes the counseling profession’s reaction to computer-assisted counseling and computer-managed counseling?
Pg. 507
CMC (computer-managed counseling) has been well received since it cuts down time on paperwork, scheduling, and record keeping, but there is a mixed reaction to CAC (computer-assisted counseling) as some feel is depersonalizes counseling.
847
You secure a state license and NCC status and open a private practice. Your cousin comes to the agency for supervision to get his state license. It would be _______ to supervise him.
Pg. 508
unethical
848
A counseling journal article should use documentation (i.e., references) that is based on ________.
Pg. 508
APA style
849
A 14-year-old male threatens to blow up his parents’ garage because he has been grounded. You believe his treat is genuine. You should ________.
Pg. 508
warn the parents that their property is in danger
**a case tried in Supreme Court of Vermont suggested that a mental health agency was negligent for not warning parents that their son, who was in therapy, threatened to burn down their barn - which he did. So until further notice, a warning is in order.
850
A 16-year-old girl threatens to kill herself and you fail to inform her parents. Your behavior as a counselor is best described as _________.
Pg. 509
an example of negligence, which is a failure to perform a duty, and in this instance is an obligation to protect the client
_______ applies to research (e.g., a fair explanation of benefits, discomfort, freedom to withdraw from the study at any time, etc.) as well as counseling.
informed consent
853
You are a well-known cognitive behavior therapist who heads up a private practice in New Jersey. For the nest two years you will be in Canada conducting a research project. You practice has six other counselors. The practice is sending brochures to schools, agencies, and hospitals in an attempt to boost referrals. Your name appears on the front of the brochure as if you are available for referrals. This is _________.
Pg. 511
unethical
**the ethical guidelines suggest that persons who hold leadership roles not allow their names to be used in professional notices when they are not practicing counseling unless this is clearly stated in the practice’s literature.
854
A colleague of yours who is NOT a certified counselor behaves in an unethical manner. The ethical thing for you to do is _________.
Pg. 512
attempt to rectify the condition via institutional channels, and if this fails report it to regulatory organizations.
_______ provide only those services for which they have education and qualified experience. The same goes for tests and assessments.
Pg. 512
NCCs or LPCs
856
In your initial disclosure statement it was clearly explained to the client that she must pay her bill in a timely manner. She did not. According to ACA ethical guidelines you can terminate her. This practice is ethical if __________.
Pg. 513
you revealed this to the client in the initial disclosure statement
Counselors are allowed to adjust fees when it is __________.
Pg. 513
legally permitted
857
Dr. X recommends to his clients at the agency where he practices that he would rather counsel them in his private practice. Ethically speaking __________.
Pg. 513
Dr. X is diverting agency clients to his practice and this is unethical
858
You wish to use an experimental treatment strategy. According to NBCC ________.
Pg. 513
this could be ethical if you explain this to the client and the client agrees
Paradoxical interventions is when a client it told to _______ a symptom. This is NOT ok to do with homicidal or suicidal clients.
Pg. 514
exaggerate
Currently, ethics allow the practice of _________ if the client requests it, a written contract is drafted, it does not result in any harm, and the relationship is not exploitative.
Pg. 514
bartering
EX: A client paints your car if you provide them with 6 sessions of therapy.
861
You are a middle school counselor at a public school. A child is threatening to kill another student and admonishes you to keep it a secret. According to the ethical principle of minimal disclosure the best course of action would be to _________.
Pg. 515
inform the parents of the student in danger, inform the principle, and call the police immediately, discussing only material related to the threat
_________ means that if you must break confidentiality you reveal only what is necessary and when possible inform the client that you are going to disclose confidential information.
Pg. 515
minimal disclosure
862
Your agency uses a collection agency when clients don’t pay their bills. You should _________.
Pg. 515
inform the client of this before the counseling begins
Multiple or duplicate submissions are unethical in relation to _________. Once it is published you may not have it republished elsewhere without the permission of the first publisher.
Pg. 516
journal articles
864
Consulting is included in ethical guidelines. Consultation can best be described as _________.
Pg. 516
a voluntary relationship between a professional helper and a help-needing individual, group, or social unit in which the consultant helps define or solve problems related to clients, the client system, or work-related issues
In most instances consultation services do not go on as long as _________ services.
Pg. 517
supervision
866
Nosology refers to a system of classification. Name the nosological system(s) utilized by professional counselors who diagnose clients.
Pg. 517
DSM & ICD
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) was created by the _________.
Pg. 518
American Psychiatric Association (APA)
The Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death (ICD) was created by the __________.
Pg. 518
World Health Organization (WHO)
868
Traditionally, ________ counseling has created the most ethical concerns.
Pg. 518
behavioral
**the concern has been that behavior therapists can control, manipulate, and shape behavior.
869
Insurance payments are also called _________.
Pg. 519
third-party payments
In DSM diagnostic codes, the decimal point occurs after the _____ digit.
Pg. 520
third
Because a single code CAN truly represent multiple _________ it is imperative that you list the name of the condition in the client’s chart or medical record.
Pg. 520
conditions
873
During a counseling session your client reveals that they robbed a convenience store 6 months ago, and they got away with a large sum of money and shot the store clerk. You believe everything the client is telling you. What should you do?
Pg. 520
just keep it confidential
**as there is not inclination that the client will harm another person in the future, you do not need to report it.
874
All of the conditions below are V code diagnoses EXCEPT:
a. Acculturation problem
b. Occupational problem
c. Post-traumatic stress disorder
d. Academic problem
Pg. 521
c. Post-traumatic stress disorder
**V codes in the DSM are interpersonal, phase of life, or circumstance problems.
875
Formal diagnosis, also known as nosology, is most closely related to the _________ model.
Pg. 522
medical
877
The type of mental health service provided to the client is coded via ________ and is generally required for insurance payments.
Pg. 523
the AMA’s Current Procedural Terminology (e.g., CPT 90844)
**if you want to accept insurance payments you will generally need to specify a CPT code in addition to the ICD code on your billing statement.
The ________ code will specify the exact nature of the treatment being utilized to help your client (e.g., psychotherapy, hypnosis, biofeedback, or group psychotherapy). The code can also specify the length of the service, such as “psychotherapy over 30 minutes”.
Pg. 523
CPT (Current Procedural Terminology)
Counselor cannot ethically accept _________.
Pg. 524
referral fees
**EX: another therapist that you refer a client to cannot pay you a referral fee.
879
You have written a very popular book on reality therapy. Now you are teaching a graduate course on counseling at a local university. Ethically you __________.
Pg. 524
may use the book as a textbook in your class
881
The most popular paradigm of mental health consultation has been proposed by _________.
Pg. 525
Caplan
When the ultimate goal is to help a client, it is known as a “__________” consultation.
Pg. 525
“client-centered”
In “__________” consultation the focus is on helping the consultee develop improved techniques or skills.
Pg. 525
“consultee-centered”
In “___________” consultation your supervisor’s or consultant’s intention is to sharpen up your administrative skills (e.g., making you a better presenter at your agency board meeting).
Pg. 525
“consultee-centered administrative consultation
In “__________” consultation the emphasis is on creating, designing, or evaluating the program in question.
Pg. 525
“program-centered administrative consultation”
___________ on the part of the helper can be considered malpractice. If it doesn’t help the client and is seemingly intended to help the counselor then it is inappropriate.
Pg. 526
excessive self-disclosure
It is _____ required to contact another practitioner that was once your client’s therapist. If you decide that receiving some of information from the previous practitioner would be helpful you must obtain the client’s _______ permission to contact them.
Pg. 527
NOT; written
Ethics guidelines clearly state that the counselor should not _________ from clients.
Pg. 527
solicit testimonials
886
Ethical dilemmas rarely have clear-cut answers. Thus when a complex ethical situation manifests itself, it is best to _________.
Pg. 528
consult with colleagues as well as ethical coeds inasmuch as legal standards are very often based on the methods of fellow professional in analogous situations
887
You have attempted to help a client for over 2 years with little or no success. You should _________.
Pg. 528
terminate the relationship and initiate an appropriate referral
**ethical guidelines suggest this!
888
Assume that you have decided to refer a client elsewhere because you were unable to help her. Upon you mentioning this, the client insists that she has seen several other therapists and you are the finest one. Ethics guidelines would dictate that ___________.
Pg. 528
you are not obligated to continue the relationship
889
Counseling is a relatively new profession. The first counselors in the U.S. were not called counselors. They were __________.
Pg. 529
deans and advisors employed after the Civil War in college settings to watch over young women
890
Historically speaking, the first psychology laboratory was set up by _________.
Pg. 529
Wilhelm Wundt, in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany
891
Counseling became popular after the 1931 publication of __________.
Pg. 530
“Workbook in Vocations” by William Proctor, Glidden Ross Benefield, and Gilbert Wrenn
**this publication began to popularize the word “counseling”. This publication, as well as Proctor’s “Educational and Vocational Guidance” began to conceptualize counseling as a psychological process.
_______ was one of the first theorists to employ audio recordings in improve practicum supervision.
Pg. 530
Carl Rogers
892
PL 94-142 (the Education for All Handicapped Children Act) states that __________.
Pg. 530
- all children between ages 5 and 21 are assured free education
- handicapped persons are placed in the least-restrictive environment (LRE)
- an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) is developed for each child
893
The major trend that impacted upon the counseling movement in the 1980s _________.
Pg. 531
included an emphasis on professionalism, certification, and licensing
894
The APGA and APA had joint ethics guidelines for counselors and psychologists. This changed during the 1970s when __________.
Pg. 531
the APA did not wish to credential master’s level counselors or psychologists
895
The 1950s was the age of tremendous strides in _________.
Pg. 532
developmental psychology
**Piaget, Erikson, and Havinghurst were very influential. Also, thanks to Rogers, counseling rather than testing became the major task for professionals.
896
The _________ movement began in the late 1960s.
Pg. 532
group
**gestalt, transactional analysis, primal scream therapy, encounter groups, marathon groups, and even naked encounter groups became popular!
897
In the 1960s Gilbert Wrenn’s book, “The Counselor in a Changing World”, urged counselors to _________.
Pg. 532
emphasize developmental concerns rather than merely focusing on crises and curing emotional illness
898
One of the primary problems of counseling in the early 1960s was that it wrongly emphasized _________.
Pg. 533
intrapsychic processes
899
The significance of the 1958 National Defense Education Act (NDEA) was that it __________.
Pg. 533
- provided financial aid for graduate education in counseling
- expanded school guidance services
- improved guidance for gifted children
900
A man has a rare highly contagious disease that is fatal. He is keeping it a secret and insists that he will never tell his wife. You should _________.
Pg. 533
break confidentiality and tell his wife
