Career Counseling Flashcards
E.G. Williamson based on his knowledge of Frank Parsons, the father of guidance. Relies on tests and assessments to match traits, aptitude, and interests with a given occupation.
Pg. 312
Trait-and-factor-matching theory
_________ six personality and six work environments career typology is visually depicted with a hexagon that includes six personality types/work environments:
Realistic (machine shop worker or dog walker)
Investigative (researcher or chemist)
Artistic (singer or book author)
Social (teacher or counselor)
Enterprising (sales personnel or business owner)
Conventional (secretary or file clerk)
RIASEC
Congruence between the person and the job is emphasized.
Person is categorized using three digit codes such as SEC.
Pg. 312
John Holland’s
This theory is also referred to as a life span, life-space model. Self-concept, as well as career/vocational maturity, influences one’s career throughout the life span. His life rainbow helps clients conceptualize their roles as a child, student, leisurite, citizen, worker, spouse, homemaker, parent, and pensioner. This theorist initially didn’t believe he created a theory, but felt his work might be the basis for segments of future theories. He felt mislabeled.
Pg. 313
Donald Super’s self-concept and developmental stage theory
Vocational choice is related to personality development at a young age. Is the client person-oriented (teaching) or nonperson-oriented (computer programming)? This theorist was influenced by Freudian psychoanalytic doctrines (the importance of the parent-child relationship) as well as Maslow. This work has generated a wealth of research. Studies do not totally support this approach, however, it is extremely difficult to control the longitudinal variables involved. The Vocational Interest Inventory (VII) and the Career Occupational Preference System make use of this theory’s fields and levels taxonomy.
Pg. 313
Anne Roe’s early childhood needs-theory approach
Initially dubbed as a social learning theory. Four factors can be used to simplify the career development process:
- genetic endowment and unique abilities
- environmental conditions and life events
- learning experiences (either Pavlonian, social learning theory, or Skinnerian)
- task approach skills (problem solving, cognitive responses, and emotional patterns)
Research validates the original social learning theory, but additional studies are needed to back up the newer learning theory of career counseling.
Pg. 313
John Krumboltz’s learning theory of career counseling (LTCC)
Created by an economist, a psychiatrist, a sociologist, and a psychologist. The first developmental approach to occupational choice.
The developmental stages are:
- ages 11 and under = fantasy; early adolescence
- ages 11-17 = tentative
- ages 17 into early adulthood = realistic
Original hypothesis was that career choice was irreversible was later dropped.
Pg. 314
Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad, and Herma’s developmental approach… aka the Ginzberg Group… or Ginzberg and Associates
This theorist, who worked with Donald Super, is critical of most traditional theories. His work is heavily rooted in narrative therapy in which the client’s life is viewed as a story he or she has constructed, and intervention focuses on recurring themes to re-author the story.
Pg. 314
Mark Savickas’ career construction postmodern theory
Focuses on how one’s belief system impacts career choice.
Pg. 314
Social cognitive counseling theory (SCCT)
This is a developmental approach taking one’s childhood into account. Social space refers to the zone or territory of jobs where they fit into society.
Pg. 314
Linda Gottfredson’s theory of cicumscription (rule out certain jobs not acceptable for gender, stereotypes, and social class) and compromise (change mind, major etc. if career path is not truly realistic)
Career anchors manifest approximately 5-10 years after a person begins work and guide future career choices. Career anchors are based on the self-concept, abilities, and what the person is good at. Originally, Schein identified five anchors, but now eight are used:
- autonomy/independence
- security/stability
- technical/functional competence
- general managerial competence
- entrepreneurial creativity
- service/dedication to a cause
- pure challenge
- lifestyle
Pg. 314
Edgar H. Schein’s eight career anchors theory
501
Lifetsyle and career development have been emphasized _________.
A. only since the late 1950s
B. only since the late 1960s
C. only since nondirective counseling became popular
D. since the beginning of the counseling and guidance movement and are still major areas of concern
Pg. 314
D. since the beginning of the counseling and guidance movement and are still major areas of concern
502
One trend is that women are moving into more careers that in the past were populated by males. Women workers are often impacted by the “glass ceiling phenomenon”. Assuming that a counselor’s behavior is influenced by the phenomenon, which statement would he most likely make when conducting a career counseling session with a female client who wants to advance to a higher position?
A. “Your ability to advance in the corporate world is generally based on your mother’s attitude toward work. Can you tell me a little about that?”
B. “Actually, women can advance quite rapidly in the corporate world. I support you 100%. I’d say you should be optimistic and go for the position.”
C. “Let’s be rational: a woman can only advance so far. You really have very little if any chance of becoming a corporate executive. I’m here to help you cope with this reality.”
D. “In most cases a female will work in a position that is at the same level as her father. Did your dad ever work as a corporate executive?”
Pg. 316
C. “Let’s be rational: a woman can only advance so far. You really have very little if any chance of becoming a corporate executive. I’m here to help you cope with this reality.”
The _________ suggests that women are limited in terms of how far they can advance in the world of work. This is a form of occupational sex-role stereotyping that can limit women’s careers.
Pg. 316
glass ceiling phenomenon
The _________ is analogous to the glass ceiling phenomenon, however, is referring to the LGBTQ+ population.
Pg. 316
lavender ceiling
A _________ is a woman with children who was a homemaker but is currently in need of work to support her family.
Pg. 316
displaced homemaker
503
Most research in the area of career development and its relationship to student indicates that _________.
Pg. 317
a very high proportion of students in high school and at the junior high or middle school level wanted guidance in planning a career. Career interests are more stable after college
________’s motivation and management expectancy theory suggests that an employee’s performance is influenced by
- valence (will the works provide rewards such as money, a promotion, or satisfaction)
- expectancy (what does the person feel they are capable of doing?)
- instrumentality (will the manager actually give the employee the promised reward such as a raise?)
Pg. 318
Victor Vroom
________ couples are now the norm.
Pg. 318
Dual-career
505
In the dual-career family, partners seem to be more self-sufficient than in the traditional family. In a dual-career household, the woman __________.
Pg. 319
is typically secure in her career before she has children
507
Statistics reveal that on average, a worker with a _________ earns over $10,000 a year more than a worker with a high school diploma.
Pg. 319
bachelor’s degree
The phrase “___________” generally indicates that in the past work was seen as drudgery, while today it is seen as a vehicle to express our identity, self-esteem, and status.
Pg. 320
“Changing View of Work”
A leisure activity that one engages in for pleasure rather than money is often referred to as an ________.
Pg. 321
avocation
________ is sometimes defined as the total work one does in a lifetime plus leisure.
Pg. 312
career
509
In 1964 the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (amended in 1972) stated that women would have ___________.
Pg. 322
equal work opportunities and equal job pay
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is the watchdog for Title VII guidelines that prohibit discrimination on the basis of __________.
Pg. 322
color, sex, religion, race, or national origin
A test or selection process is said to have _________ if it does not meet the “80% Four-Fifths Rule”. Here, the hiring rate for minorities is divided by the hiring rate for nonminorities. If the number is less than 80%, then there is adverse impact.
Pg. 322
adverse impact
__________ is evident when a selection process (like a test) is valid for one group of people, but not valid for another group.
Pg. 322
differential/discriminant validity
_________ theory assumes that via psychological testing one’s personality could be matched to an occupation which stresses those particular personality traits.
Pg. 323
trait-and-factor theory
_________ views career decisions as longitudinal and reversible.
Pg. 323
developmental approach
The ___________ theory is considered the first major and most durable theory of career choice.
Pg. 323
trait-and-factor theory
One major category of career theory is known as the trait-and-factor approach. It has also been dubbed the actuarial or matching approach. This approach __________.
Pg. 323
attempts to match the worker and the work environment (job factors). The approach thus makes the assumption that there is one best or single career for the person.
__________ was the chief spokesperson for the so-called Minnesota Viewpoint, which expanded upon Parson’s model to create a theory of counseling which transcended vocational issues.
Pg. 323
Edmund Griffith Williamson
__________’s work stressed a careful self-analysis conducted “under guidance” and then put down on paper to determine your personal “traits”. The traits could then be matched to occupations using advice from individuals who had “made a careful study of men and vocations of the conditions of success”.
Pg. 323
Frank Parsons’s
_____ popular career theories are based on middle-class or upper-class white males who are heterosexual and not disabled.
Pg. 323
Most
512
The trait-and-factor career counseling, actuarial, or matching approach (which matches clients with a job) is associated with __________.
Pg. 324
Parsons & Williamson
_________ is the study of individual differences.
Pg. 324
differential psychology
_______ & _______ espoused personality theories of career choice.
Pg. 324
Anne Roe & A. A. Brill
________ suggested that a person’s personality needs to be congruent with the work environment.
Pg. 324
John Holland
_________ emphasized career development rather than career choice.
Pg. 324
Donald Super
________ & _________ support a decision-making theory.
Pg. 324
David Tiedeman & Robert O-Hara
_______ suggests 3 steps to implement the trait-and-factor approach:
- knowledge of the self and aptitudes and interests
- knowledge of jobs, including the advantages and disadvantages of them
- matching the individual with the work
Pg. 325
Parsons
516
Edmund Griffith Williamson’s work (Minnesota Viewpoint) purports to be scientific and didactic, utilizing test data from instruments such as the ____________.
Pg. 326
Minnesota Occupational Rating Scales
518
Anne Roe suggests a personality approach to career choice _________.
Pg. 327
based on the premise that a job satisfies an unconscious need
American clinical psychologist _________ was one of the first individuals to suggest a theory of career choice based heavily on personality theory.
Pg. 327
Anne Roe
519
Roe was the first career specialist to utilize a two-dimensional system of occupational classification utilizing ___________.
Pg. 328
fields and levels
520
All of the following are examples of Anne Roe’s “fields” EXCEPT:
a. service
b. science
c. arts and entertainment
d. unskilled
Pg. 328
d. unskilled
Unskilled refers to a “level” not a “field”.
521
All of the following are examples of Anne Roe’s “levels” EXCEPT:
a. outdoor
b. semiskilled
c. semiprofessional/small business
d. professional and managerial
Pg. 328
a. outdoor
Outdoor refers to a “field” not a “level”.
523
Roe’s theory relies on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in the sense that in terms of career choice _________.
Pg. 329
lower-order needs take precedence over higher-order needs
524
Some support for Roe’s theory comes from ________.
Pg. 330
Rorschach & the TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)
525
In terms of genetics, Roe’s theory would assert that ________.
Pg. 330
genetics help to determine intelligence and education, and hence this influences one’s career choice
According to Roe’s theory, career choice is influenced by _________.
Pg. 330
genetics, parent-child interaction, unconscious motivators, current needs, interests (people/things), education, and intelligence
A ______ refers to a given position or similar positions within an organization.
An ________ is broader and refers to similar jobs occupied via different people in different settings.
________ is the broadest category because it depicts a person’s lifetime positions plus leisure.
Pg. 331
job; occupation; career
JOC
528
Roe recognized the role of the unconscious mind in terms of career choice. Another theorist who emphasized the unconscious processes in this area of study was __________.
Pg. 331
Bordin
529
Edwin Bordin felt that difficulties related to job choice ___________.
Pg. 332
are indicative of neurotic symptoms
530
Another career theorist who drew upon psychoanalytic doctrines was A. A. Brill. Brill emphasized ________ as an ego defense mechanism.
Pg. 332
rationalization
531
A client who becomes a professional football player because he unconsciously likes to hurt people would be utilizing ________ according to Brill’s theory of career choice.
Pg. 333
sublimation
532
Today, the most popular approach to career choice reflects the work of _________.
Pg. 333
John Holland
__________’s theory can be best described by his four assumptions.
- in our culture, there are 6 basic personality types = realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional (“AS RICE”)
- most work environments correspond to 6 personality types
- people search out an agreeable environment which lets them express their personality type
- the individual’s behavior is determined by an interaction of the personality and the environment
Pg. 333
John Holland’s
Holland’s ________ is designed to measure the 6 personality types.
Pg. 333
Self-Directed Search (SDS)
533
Holland categorized ______ personality orientations which correspond to analogous work environments.
Pg. 333
6
534
Most experts in the field of career counseling would classify Roe, Brill, and Holland as ________ theorists.
Pg. 334
personality or structural
535
Counselors who support John Holland’s approach believe that __________.
Pg. 334
an appropriate job allows one to express his or her personality
537
Holland’s theory would predict that the vice president of the U.S. would be ________.
Pg. 335
enterprising
This person likes to sell to others or perform leadership tasks. They tend to value power and status. Other occupations within this realm would be real estate agents, business owners, TV producers, and hotel managers.
538
A client who wishes to work on an assembly line would fit into Holland’s _________ typology.
Pg. 335
realistic or motoric
This person like machines. Truck driver, auto mechanic, or plumbing.
541
Holland did indeed believe in career stereotypes. In other words the person psychologically defines themself via a given job. Thus, a bookkeeper or a clerical worker would primarily fit into the _________ category.
Pg. 336
conventional
The “__________” type values conformity, structure, rules, and feels comfortable in a subordinate tole. Statisticians, bank clerks, and controllers fit this stereotype.
conventional
Conventional and conformity both start with the letter “C”
542
In regard to an individual’s behavioral style or so-called modal orientation, Holland believed that _________.
Pg. 337
Most people are not pure personality types and thus can be best described by a distribution of types such as Realistic, Social, Investigative (RSI).
The ___________ is based on Holland’s model. Although each individual has a primary direction or type, the person can be described best using a “profile” over three areas also known as a three digit code.
Graphically, the six type generally are placed on a hexagon.
Pg. 337
Strong Interest Inventory (SII)
________ created the “needs-press” theory and the TAT projective test. The occupation is used to meet a person’s current need.
Pg. 338
Henry Murray
545
Developmental career theorists view career choice as an ongoing or so-called longitudinal process rather than a single decision made at one point in time. The pioneer theorists in this area were ________.
Pg. 338
Ginzberg, Ginsberg, Axelrad, and Herma
Until _____ the trait-and-factor or matching career model was king.
Pg. 338
1950
Based on a small research sample ____________ concluded that occupational choice occurs in three stages:
fantasy = until age 11, based strongly on impulses
tentative = ages 11-17, where interests and abilities are examined
realistic = age 17 to early twenties, where choice is made by weighing abilities and needs and making a compromise
Pg. 338
Ginzberg and his associates
546
Ginzberg and his colleagues now believe in a development model of career choice which asserts that ____________.
Pg. 339
The process of choosing a career does not end at age 20 or adulthood
Career choice decisions are really made throughout the life span
Career choice is reversible
Initially, Ginzberg and his associates viewed career choice as _______ and the result of compromises between wishes and realistic possibilities.
Pg. 339
irreversible
548
The most popular developmental career theorist is Donald Super. Super emphasizes _________.
Pg. 340
the self-concept
Both Super and self-concept start with the letter “S”!
549
Super’s life-span theory emphasizes _______ life stages.
Pg. 340
five
The stages of ___________ are as follows:
- Growth (birth - age 14)
- Exploration (ages 15-24)
- Establishment (ages 24-44)
- Maintenance (ages 44-64)
- Decline (ages 65+)
Pg. 340
Super’s life-span theory
Memory device = GEE MD
550
Super’s life-span theory includes _________.
Pg. 340
a life-career rainbow
As far as ________ is concerned, career can include student, employee, pensioner, retirement, civic duties, avocations, and even family roles.
Pg. 341
Super
551
Research into the phenomenon of career maturity reflects the work of _________.
Pg. 341
John Crites
552
The decision-making theory, which refers to periods of anticipation and implementation/adjustment, was proposed by __________.
Pg. 341
David Tiedeman and Robert O’Hara
All _________ theories contend that the individual has the power to choose from the various career options.
Pg. 342
decision-making theories
553
John Krumboltz postulated a social learning approach to career choice. This model is based mainly on the work of ___________.
Pg. 342
Albert Bandura
_________ emphasized the role of modeling in the acquisition of new behaviors. The theory states that people learn not only from the consequences of their own behavior, but also from observing the consequences of others.
Bandura
_______ felt that interests are the results of “learning”, such that changes in interests can be “learned”. Thus, actual exposure to a wide range of work settings is highly desirable. Occupational indecisiveness is seen as an indication of an information deficit rather than a lack of career maturity.
Pg. 342
Krumboltz
Two popular behavioral techniques include the RJP (realistic job preview) and guided imagery.
For ____ the student would contact a worker in the field and then interview the worker.
__________, effective for adults and adolescents, can be implemented by having the client imagine a day in the future working in the job or even receiving an award for outstanding performance in the position.
Pg. 342
RJP; Guided imagery
554
The model Krumboltz suggested is _________.
Pg. 343
a behavioristic model of career development
555
A counselor who favors a behavioristic mode of career counseling would most likely _________.
Pg. 343
suggest a site visit to a work setting
The “job club” has been suggested by _________ who created the approach in the 1970s to help returning Vietnam vets. He also wrote the book “Job Club Counselor’s Manual: A Behavioral Approach to Vocational Counseling”.
Pg. 344
Nathan Azrin
The _________ operates like a behaviorist group in which members share job leads and discuss or role-play specific behaviors (e.g., interviewing skills) necessary for job acquisition. It helps members learn from each other.
Pg. 344
job club
556
A fairly recent model to explain career development is the decision approach. The Gelatt Decision Model created by Harry Gelatt refers to information as “the fuel of the decision.” The Gelatt Model asserts that information can be organized into three systems:
Pg. 344
- predictive
- value
- decision
In the Gelatt Model, the ________ system is concerned with the probable alternatives, actions, and possibilities. The person’s ________ system is concerned with one’s relative preferences regarding the outcomes, while the ________ system provides rules and criteria for evaluating the outcome.
Pg. 344
predictive; value; decision
557
In the Gelatt Model the predictive system deals with __________.
Pg. 344
alternatives and the probability of outcomes
558
Linda Gottfredson’s developmental theory of career focuses on _________.
Pg. 345
circumscription (restrict choices) and compromise theory
560
When career counselors speak of the OOH they are referring to the ________.
Pg. 346
Occupational Outlook Handbook
The _____ was originally published by the U.S. Department of Labor in 1949 to aid WWII veterans. It is still around to this day and is revised every two years. It features the salient factors of the job, necessary training, earnings, advancement opportunities, and job prospects for the future.
Pg. 346
OOH (Occupational Outlook Handbook)
The _________ became a virtual replacement for the DOT (Dictionary of Occupational Titles) in 1991. This source lists far fewer occupations than the old DOT. Many highly specialized jobs that only a small number of individuals worked as were dropped.
Pg. 346
O*NET (Occupational Information Network)
562
In the DOT (Dictionary of Occupational Titles) each job was given a ______ digit code.
Pg. 347
9
563
The DOT (Dictionary of Occupational Titles) was first published by the U.S. Department of Labor in 1938. The first 3 digits in a DOT code referred to ________.
Pg. 347
an occupational group
564
You are working as a counselor for a major university. A student wants detailed statistics about the average wages in her state. The best resource would be _______.
Pg. 348
the Bureau of Labor Statistics website
Richard Bolles’s __________ is the bestselling job hunting book of all time.
Pg. 348
“What Color is Your Parachute?”
_______ is a software program for high school students that provides information to help them make informed decisions about career and transition planning. The middle school edition is __________.
Pg. 348
“Choices”; “Choices Explorer”
______ is a self-assessment software and web-based program that helps college students and adults pick a major and a career based on their own values, interests, and education. It allows users to compare job choices and fine tune decisions.
Pg. 348
SIGI 3
565
A counselor who is interested in trends in the job market should consult the ________.
Pg. 348
OOH (Occupational Outlook Handbook)
The ________ codes job clusters (e.g., teachers, librarians, and counselors) via similar worker function. Thus, it is very useful for a counselor who wants to find additional occupations that a worker might already be trained for or could consider with additional training.
Pg. 349
SOC (Standard Occupational Classification Manual)
The U.S. service economy is often classified as _____ collar (professional and administrative); _____ collar (skilled manual labor); and _____ collar (jobs dominated by women such as waitressing, secretary, child-care worker, teachers, or beauticians).
Pg. 350
White; Blue; Pink
567
A counselor with a master’s degree who is working for minimum wage at a fast-food restaurant due to a lack of jobs in the field is a victim of _________.
Pg. 350
underemployment
Occurs when a worker is engaged in a position which is below their skill level.
569
In a lifetime the average person has ______ jobs.
Pg. 351
10-15 jobs
570
Self-efficacy theory is based on the work of _________.
Pg. 351
Albert Bandura
571
The System of Interactive Guidance and Information (SIGI) and “Choices” are ________.
Pg. 351
computer-assisted career guidance systems (CACG)
**this can also be referred to as computer-based career information systems (CBCISs)
572
A client who likes her flower-arranging job begins doing flower arranging in her spare time on weekends and after work. This phenomenon is best described as ________.
Pg. 352
spillover
The _______ effect occurs when an interviewer’s impression of an interviewee is often affected by previous interviewees.
Pg. 352
contrast
The __________ effect suggests that a worker compensates or makes up for things they can’t do on the job. (E.g., a librarian who must be quiet from 8am-5pm may go out after work and get wild, crazy, and LOUD.). Work can also help folks compensate for things missing in one’s life.
Pg. 352
compensatory
When work and family are kept separate the term ________ can be utilized.
Pg. 353
segmentation
_______ occurs when an individual’s work spills over into their time off the job. When this happens the person can talk about work with other family or household members and engages in activities similar to work during period of leisure.
Pg. 353
spillover
The connection between family and work is known as ________.
Pg. 353
work interface
573
A male client who hates his job is trying desperately to be the perfect father, husband, and family man. This phenomenon is best described as __________.
Pg. 353
the compensatory effect
The ________ occurs when a rater’s judgment of an employee reflects primarily their most recent performance.
Pg. 353
recency effect
The _________ occurs when a rater tends to give employees very high/lenient or very low/strict ratings while avoiding the middle or so-called average range. Raters who do the opposite (i.e., rate almost everybody in the average range) are said to display a ___________.
Pg. 353
leniency/strictness bias; central tendency bias
574
The National Vocational Guidance Association was founded in 1913. It was fused with other organizations in 1952 to become the ________.
Pg. 354
APGA (American Personnel and Guidance Association)
**this is now known as the ACA (American counseling Association)
575
Lifestyle includes _________.
Pg. 354
work, leisure, and style of living
The SII (Strong Interest Inventory) measures interests, NOT ________. It was originally created by E. K. Strong, Jr., and was expanded on by _________. There is some sex bias within this instrument. It consists of 291 items and takes 30-45 mins to complete. It is suited for high school, college, and adult populations.
Pg. 355
abilities; David Campbell
577
The Self-Directed Search (SDS) is _________. It was introduced in 1970.
Pg. 355
based on the work of Holland and yields scores on his 6 types, is self-administered, and is self-scored and self-interpreted
Holland warned that the SDS is ______ suitable for grossly disturbed, uneducated, or illiterate persons. There is an easy form (known as Form “E”) available for those with limited reading skills or those who lack a high school education. It is also ____ recommended for those who have difficulty making decisions.
Pg. 356
NOT; NOT
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ work = lifting 10 lbs max \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ work = lifting 20 lbs max \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ work = lifting 50 lbs \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ work = lifting up to 100 lbs \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ work = lifting above 100 lbs
Pg. 356
sedentary light medium heavy very heavy
579
The notion of the hidden job market would suggest that _________.
Pg. 356
most jobs are not advertised
580
The SDS score will reveal __________.
Pg. 357
the individual’s three highest scores based on Holland’s personality types
581
As you walk into a professional seminar on career counseling you note that the instructor is drawing a hexagon on the blackboard. The instructor is most likely discussing _________.
Pg. 357
Holland
582
The Kuder Career Planning System (KCPS) would be appropriate for ________.
Pg. 357
K-12, postsecondary, and even adults
_________ = both parents in the family have a job where advancement is possible
_________ = both parents have jobs where moving up the line is not possible or at best minimal
Pg. 358
dual-career; dual-earner
584
Occupational aptitude tests such as the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT), the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Test Battery (ASVAB), and the O*NET Ability Profiler grew out of the _________.
Pg. 358
trait-and-factor movement related to career counseling
An _______ test does not imply that you are adept at the skill (e.g., match, music, or principles right in law school) at the present moment. This test speculates about whether or not you could capture these skills with proper training and experience. This test measures potential.
Pg. 359
aptitude
An ________ test implies that you are already adept at a skill.
Pg. 359
achievement
_________ refers to a procedure where tasks, duties, skills, required education, safety issues, and other data are examined. This leads to a job description/job specifications.
Pg. 359
conducting a job analysis
_________ rates the value of the job within the organization to decide what it should pay. It does not rate the person performing the job.
Pg. 359
job evaluation
__________ and __________ discovered that even when girls manifest higher career maturity than boys, their aspirations are lower.
Pg. 361
Louise Fitzgerald & John Crites
590
A displaced homemaker might have grown children or ___________.
Pg. 361
be widowed or divorced and be seeking employment
A __________ is an individual who loses their job because the company downsizes or relocates. It can also refer to a person who has an obsolete set of job skills.
Pg. 361
dislocated worker
591
Midlife career change ________. It generally takes place between ages 35 and 45 and additional training is often needed. Precipitating factors for the change include divorce, having a baby, caring for a disabled child, empty nest syndrome, and job dissatisfaction.
Pg. 361
is not that unusual
The ________ is a woman who goes from working within the home to working outside the home.
Pg. 362
reentry women
594
In terms of the labor market _________.
Pg. 362
The number of employees that employers want to hire goes down as salary goes up.
AND
The number of employees willing to work for an employer goes up as the salary increases.
**This is also known as the “supply and demand curve”.
595
The career anchor theory was espoused by _______.
Pg. 363
Schein
597
The in-basket technique would be best _________.
Pg. 364
when you are on a hiring committee and assessing candidates for a managerial position
The _______ technique is a job simulation is which the job candidate is given a basket (or package of materials) including memos, emails, phone messages, requests for presentations, data reports, and even complaints that a manager would typically encounter after being off work for a period of time. The person making the hiring decision then monitors how the candidate makes decisions, prioritizes, pays attention to detail, delegates, and responds to the correspondence.
Pg. 364
in-basket
598
The concept of job clubs as promoted by Azrin et al. _________.
Pg. 365
is very behavioristic
In the _________ approach to career counseling the counselor lets the client find their own leads and jobs contacts.
With the philosophy of __________, the counselor may give the client job leads and take an active stance in terms of working with the client. This approach is preferable with clients who lack the concrete skills necessary to land a job.
Pg. 365
client centered; selective placement
The job-finding club is an example of a _________ group strategy in that client share job leads and work on actual skills (e.g., interviewing).
Pg. 365
behavioristic
_________ are highly recommended for the disabled.
Pg. 365
job clubs
_______ is well-known for his Career Maturity Inventory (CMI) that measures attitudes and competencies relates to the career choice process.
Pg. 365
Crites
599
Which counselor would most likely say that we choose a job to meet our needs?
Pg. 365
Robert Hoppock
600
All of the following are difficulties with career testing EXCEPT:
a. stereotyping
b. the tests all take at least 3 hours to administer
c. the counselor may rely too heavily on test results
d. many tests are biased in favor of white middle-class clients
Pg. 366
b. the tests all take at least 3 hours to administer
Most instruments take less than an hour to complete.
