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NCE Study > Career Counseling > Flashcards

Career Counseling Flashcards

1
Q

E.G. Williamson based on his knowledge of Frank Parsons, the father of guidance. Relies on tests and assessments to match traits, aptitude, and interests with a given occupation.

Pg. 312

A

Trait-and-factor-matching theory

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2
Q

_________ six personality and six work environments career typology is visually depicted with a hexagon that includes six personality types/work environments:

Realistic (machine shop worker or dog walker)
Investigative (researcher or chemist)
Artistic (singer or book author)
Social (teacher or counselor)
Enterprising (sales personnel or business owner)
Conventional (secretary or file clerk)

RIASEC

Congruence between the person and the job is emphasized.

Person is categorized using three digit codes such as SEC.

Pg. 312

A

John Holland’s

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3
Q

This theory is also referred to as a life span, life-space model. Self-concept, as well as career/vocational maturity, influences one’s career throughout the life span. His life rainbow helps clients conceptualize their roles as a child, student, leisurite, citizen, worker, spouse, homemaker, parent, and pensioner. This theorist initially didn’t believe he created a theory, but felt his work might be the basis for segments of future theories. He felt mislabeled.

Pg. 313

A

Donald Super’s self-concept and developmental stage theory

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4
Q

Vocational choice is related to personality development at a young age. Is the client person-oriented (teaching) or nonperson-oriented (computer programming)? This theorist was influenced by Freudian psychoanalytic doctrines (the importance of the parent-child relationship) as well as Maslow. This work has generated a wealth of research. Studies do not totally support this approach, however, it is extremely difficult to control the longitudinal variables involved. The Vocational Interest Inventory (VII) and the Career Occupational Preference System make use of this theory’s fields and levels taxonomy.

Pg. 313

A

Anne Roe’s early childhood needs-theory approach

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5
Q

Initially dubbed as a social learning theory. Four factors can be used to simplify the career development process:

  1. genetic endowment and unique abilities
  2. environmental conditions and life events
  3. learning experiences (either Pavlonian, social learning theory, or Skinnerian)
  4. task approach skills (problem solving, cognitive responses, and emotional patterns)

Research validates the original social learning theory, but additional studies are needed to back up the newer learning theory of career counseling.

Pg. 313

A

John Krumboltz’s learning theory of career counseling (LTCC)

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6
Q

Created by an economist, a psychiatrist, a sociologist, and a psychologist. The first developmental approach to occupational choice.

The developmental stages are:

  • ages 11 and under = fantasy; early adolescence
  • ages 11-17 = tentative
  • ages 17 into early adulthood = realistic

Original hypothesis was that career choice was irreversible was later dropped.

Pg. 314

A

Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad, and Herma’s developmental approach… aka the Ginzberg Group… or Ginzberg and Associates

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7
Q

This theorist, who worked with Donald Super, is critical of most traditional theories. His work is heavily rooted in narrative therapy in which the client’s life is viewed as a story he or she has constructed, and intervention focuses on recurring themes to re-author the story.

Pg. 314

A

Mark Savickas’ career construction postmodern theory

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8
Q

Focuses on how one’s belief system impacts career choice.

Pg. 314

A

Social cognitive counseling theory (SCCT)

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9
Q

This is a developmental approach taking one’s childhood into account. Social space refers to the zone or territory of jobs where they fit into society.

Pg. 314

A

Linda Gottfredson’s theory of cicumscription (rule out certain jobs not acceptable for gender, stereotypes, and social class) and compromise (change mind, major etc. if career path is not truly realistic)

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10
Q

Career anchors manifest approximately 5-10 years after a person begins work and guide future career choices. Career anchors are based on the self-concept, abilities, and what the person is good at. Originally, Schein identified five anchors, but now eight are used:

  1. autonomy/independence
  2. security/stability
  3. technical/functional competence
  4. general managerial competence
  5. entrepreneurial creativity
  6. service/dedication to a cause
  7. pure challenge
  8. lifestyle

Pg. 314

A

Edgar H. Schein’s eight career anchors theory

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11
Q

501

Lifetsyle and career development have been emphasized _________.

A. only since the late 1950s
B. only since the late 1960s
C. only since nondirective counseling became popular
D. since the beginning of the counseling and guidance movement and are still major areas of concern

Pg. 314

A

D. since the beginning of the counseling and guidance movement and are still major areas of concern

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12
Q

502

One trend is that women are moving into more careers that in the past were populated by males. Women workers are often impacted by the “glass ceiling phenomenon”. Assuming that a counselor’s behavior is influenced by the phenomenon, which statement would he most likely make when conducting a career counseling session with a female client who wants to advance to a higher position?

A. “Your ability to advance in the corporate world is generally based on your mother’s attitude toward work. Can you tell me a little about that?”
B. “Actually, women can advance quite rapidly in the corporate world. I support you 100%. I’d say you should be optimistic and go for the position.”
C. “Let’s be rational: a woman can only advance so far. You really have very little if any chance of becoming a corporate executive. I’m here to help you cope with this reality.”
D. “In most cases a female will work in a position that is at the same level as her father. Did your dad ever work as a corporate executive?”

Pg. 316

A

C. “Let’s be rational: a woman can only advance so far. You really have very little if any chance of becoming a corporate executive. I’m here to help you cope with this reality.”

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13
Q

The _________ suggests that women are limited in terms of how far they can advance in the world of work. This is a form of occupational sex-role stereotyping that can limit women’s careers.

Pg. 316

A

glass ceiling phenomenon

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14
Q

The _________ is analogous to the glass ceiling phenomenon, however, is referring to the LGBTQ+ population.

Pg. 316

A

lavender ceiling

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15
Q

A _________ is a woman with children who was a homemaker but is currently in need of work to support her family.

Pg. 316

A

displaced homemaker

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16
Q

503

Most research in the area of career development and its relationship to student indicates that _________.

Pg. 317

A

a very high proportion of students in high school and at the junior high or middle school level wanted guidance in planning a career. Career interests are more stable after college

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17
Q

________’s motivation and management expectancy theory suggests that an employee’s performance is influenced by

  1. valence (will the works provide rewards such as money, a promotion, or satisfaction)
  2. expectancy (what does the person feel they are capable of doing?)
  3. instrumentality (will the manager actually give the employee the promised reward such as a raise?)

Pg. 318

A

Victor Vroom

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18
Q

________ couples are now the norm.

Pg. 318

A

Dual-career

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19
Q

505

In the dual-career family, partners seem to be more self-sufficient than in the traditional family. In a dual-career household, the woman __________.

Pg. 319

A

is typically secure in her career before she has children

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20
Q

507

Statistics reveal that on average, a worker with a _________ earns over $10,000 a year more than a worker with a high school diploma.

Pg. 319

A

bachelor’s degree

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21
Q

The phrase “___________” generally indicates that in the past work was seen as drudgery, while today it is seen as a vehicle to express our identity, self-esteem, and status.

Pg. 320

A

“Changing View of Work”

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22
Q

A leisure activity that one engages in for pleasure rather than money is often referred to as an ________.

Pg. 321

A

avocation

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23
Q

________ is sometimes defined as the total work one does in a lifetime plus leisure.

Pg. 312

A

career

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24
Q

509

In 1964 the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (amended in 1972) stated that women would have ___________.

Pg. 322

A

equal work opportunities and equal job pay

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25
Q

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is the watchdog for Title VII guidelines that prohibit discrimination on the basis of __________.

Pg. 322

A

color, sex, religion, race, or national origin

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26
Q

A test or selection process is said to have _________ if it does not meet the “80% Four-Fifths Rule”. Here, the hiring rate for minorities is divided by the hiring rate for nonminorities. If the number is less than 80%, then there is adverse impact.

Pg. 322

A

adverse impact

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27
Q

__________ is evident when a selection process (like a test) is valid for one group of people, but not valid for another group.

Pg. 322

A

differential/discriminant validity

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28
Q

_________ theory assumes that via psychological testing one’s personality could be matched to an occupation which stresses those particular personality traits.

Pg. 323

A

trait-and-factor theory

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29
Q

_________ views career decisions as longitudinal and reversible.

Pg. 323

A

developmental approach

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30
Q

The ___________ theory is considered the first major and most durable theory of career choice.

Pg. 323

A

trait-and-factor theory

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31
Q

One major category of career theory is known as the trait-and-factor approach. It has also been dubbed the actuarial or matching approach. This approach __________.

Pg. 323

A

attempts to match the worker and the work environment (job factors). The approach thus makes the assumption that there is one best or single career for the person.

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32
Q

__________ was the chief spokesperson for the so-called Minnesota Viewpoint, which expanded upon Parson’s model to create a theory of counseling which transcended vocational issues.

Pg. 323

A

Edmund Griffith Williamson

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33
Q

__________’s work stressed a careful self-analysis conducted “under guidance” and then put down on paper to determine your personal “traits”. The traits could then be matched to occupations using advice from individuals who had “made a careful study of men and vocations of the conditions of success”.

Pg. 323

A

Frank Parsons’s

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34
Q

_____ popular career theories are based on middle-class or upper-class white males who are heterosexual and not disabled.

Pg. 323

A

Most

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35
Q

512

The trait-and-factor career counseling, actuarial, or matching approach (which matches clients with a job) is associated with __________.

Pg. 324

A

Parsons & Williamson

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36
Q

_________ is the study of individual differences.

Pg. 324

A

differential psychology

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37
Q

_______ & _______ espoused personality theories of career choice.

Pg. 324

A

Anne Roe & A. A. Brill

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38
Q

________ suggested that a person’s personality needs to be congruent with the work environment.

Pg. 324

A

John Holland

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39
Q

_________ emphasized career development rather than career choice.

Pg. 324

A

Donald Super

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40
Q

________ & _________ support a decision-making theory.

Pg. 324

A

David Tiedeman & Robert O-Hara

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41
Q

_______ suggests 3 steps to implement the trait-and-factor approach:

  1. knowledge of the self and aptitudes and interests
  2. knowledge of jobs, including the advantages and disadvantages of them
  3. matching the individual with the work

Pg. 325

A

Parsons

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42
Q

516

Edmund Griffith Williamson’s work (Minnesota Viewpoint) purports to be scientific and didactic, utilizing test data from instruments such as the ____________.

Pg. 326

A

Minnesota Occupational Rating Scales

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43
Q

518

Anne Roe suggests a personality approach to career choice _________.

Pg. 327

A

based on the premise that a job satisfies an unconscious need

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44
Q

American clinical psychologist _________ was one of the first individuals to suggest a theory of career choice based heavily on personality theory.

Pg. 327

A

Anne Roe

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45
Q

519

Roe was the first career specialist to utilize a two-dimensional system of occupational classification utilizing ___________.

Pg. 328

A

fields and levels

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46
Q

520

All of the following are examples of Anne Roe’s “fields” EXCEPT:

a. service
b. science
c. arts and entertainment
d. unskilled

Pg. 328

A

d. unskilled

Unskilled refers to a “level” not a “field”.

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47
Q

521

All of the following are examples of Anne Roe’s “levels” EXCEPT:

a. outdoor
b. semiskilled
c. semiprofessional/small business
d. professional and managerial

Pg. 328

A

a. outdoor

Outdoor refers to a “field” not a “level”.

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48
Q

523

Roe’s theory relies on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in the sense that in terms of career choice _________.

Pg. 329

A

lower-order needs take precedence over higher-order needs

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49
Q

524

Some support for Roe’s theory comes from ________.

Pg. 330

A

Rorschach & the TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)

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50
Q

525

In terms of genetics, Roe’s theory would assert that ________.

Pg. 330

A

genetics help to determine intelligence and education, and hence this influences one’s career choice

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51
Q

According to Roe’s theory, career choice is influenced by _________.

Pg. 330

A

genetics, parent-child interaction, unconscious motivators, current needs, interests (people/things), education, and intelligence

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52
Q

A ______ refers to a given position or similar positions within an organization.

An ________ is broader and refers to similar jobs occupied via different people in different settings.

________ is the broadest category because it depicts a person’s lifetime positions plus leisure.

Pg. 331

A

job; occupation; career

JOC

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53
Q

528

Roe recognized the role of the unconscious mind in terms of career choice. Another theorist who emphasized the unconscious processes in this area of study was __________.

Pg. 331

A

Bordin

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54
Q

529

Edwin Bordin felt that difficulties related to job choice ___________.

Pg. 332

A

are indicative of neurotic symptoms

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55
Q

530

Another career theorist who drew upon psychoanalytic doctrines was A. A. Brill. Brill emphasized ________ as an ego defense mechanism.

Pg. 332

A

rationalization

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56
Q

531

A client who becomes a professional football player because he unconsciously likes to hurt people would be utilizing ________ according to Brill’s theory of career choice.

Pg. 333

A

sublimation

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57
Q

532

Today, the most popular approach to career choice reflects the work of _________.

Pg. 333

A

John Holland

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58
Q

__________’s theory can be best described by his four assumptions.

  1. in our culture, there are 6 basic personality types = realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional (“AS RICE”)
  2. most work environments correspond to 6 personality types
  3. people search out an agreeable environment which lets them express their personality type
  4. the individual’s behavior is determined by an interaction of the personality and the environment

Pg. 333

A

John Holland’s

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59
Q

Holland’s ________ is designed to measure the 6 personality types.

Pg. 333

A

Self-Directed Search (SDS)

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60
Q

533

Holland categorized ______ personality orientations which correspond to analogous work environments.

Pg. 333

A

6

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61
Q

534

Most experts in the field of career counseling would classify Roe, Brill, and Holland as ________ theorists.

Pg. 334

A

personality or structural

62
Q

535

Counselors who support John Holland’s approach believe that __________.

Pg. 334

A

an appropriate job allows one to express his or her personality

63
Q

537

Holland’s theory would predict that the vice president of the U.S. would be ________.

Pg. 335

A

enterprising

This person likes to sell to others or perform leadership tasks. They tend to value power and status. Other occupations within this realm would be real estate agents, business owners, TV producers, and hotel managers.

64
Q

538

A client who wishes to work on an assembly line would fit into Holland’s _________ typology.

Pg. 335

A

realistic or motoric

This person like machines. Truck driver, auto mechanic, or plumbing.

65
Q

541

Holland did indeed believe in career stereotypes. In other words the person psychologically defines themself via a given job. Thus, a bookkeeper or a clerical worker would primarily fit into the _________ category.

Pg. 336

A

conventional

66
Q

The “__________” type values conformity, structure, rules, and feels comfortable in a subordinate tole. Statisticians, bank clerks, and controllers fit this stereotype.

A

conventional

Conventional and conformity both start with the letter “C”

67
Q

542

In regard to an individual’s behavioral style or so-called modal orientation, Holland believed that _________.

Pg. 337

A

Most people are not pure personality types and thus can be best described by a distribution of types such as Realistic, Social, Investigative (RSI).

68
Q

The ___________ is based on Holland’s model. Although each individual has a primary direction or type, the person can be described best using a “profile” over three areas also known as a three digit code.

Graphically, the six type generally are placed on a hexagon.

Pg. 337

A

Strong Interest Inventory (SII)

69
Q

________ created the “needs-press” theory and the TAT projective test. The occupation is used to meet a person’s current need.

Pg. 338

A

Henry Murray

70
Q

545

Developmental career theorists view career choice as an ongoing or so-called longitudinal process rather than a single decision made at one point in time. The pioneer theorists in this area were ________.

Pg. 338

A

Ginzberg, Ginsberg, Axelrad, and Herma

71
Q

Until _____ the trait-and-factor or matching career model was king.

Pg. 338

A

1950

72
Q

Based on a small research sample ____________ concluded that occupational choice occurs in three stages:

fantasy = until age 11, based strongly on impulses

tentative = ages 11-17, where interests and abilities are examined

realistic = age 17 to early twenties, where choice is made by weighing abilities and needs and making a compromise

Pg. 338

A

Ginzberg and his associates

73
Q

546

Ginzberg and his colleagues now believe in a development model of career choice which asserts that ____________.

Pg. 339

A

The process of choosing a career does not end at age 20 or adulthood

Career choice decisions are really made throughout the life span

Career choice is reversible

74
Q

Initially, Ginzberg and his associates viewed career choice as _______ and the result of compromises between wishes and realistic possibilities.

Pg. 339

A

irreversible

75
Q

548

The most popular developmental career theorist is Donald Super. Super emphasizes _________.

Pg. 340

A

the self-concept

Both Super and self-concept start with the letter “S”!

76
Q

549

Super’s life-span theory emphasizes _______ life stages.

Pg. 340

A

five

77
Q

The stages of ___________ are as follows:

  1. Growth (birth - age 14)
  2. Exploration (ages 15-24)
  3. Establishment (ages 24-44)
  4. Maintenance (ages 44-64)
  5. Decline (ages 65+)

Pg. 340

A

Super’s life-span theory

Memory device = GEE MD

78
Q

550

Super’s life-span theory includes _________.

Pg. 340

A

a life-career rainbow

79
Q

As far as ________ is concerned, career can include student, employee, pensioner, retirement, civic duties, avocations, and even family roles.

Pg. 341

A

Super

80
Q

551

Research into the phenomenon of career maturity reflects the work of _________.

Pg. 341

A

John Crites

81
Q

552

The decision-making theory, which refers to periods of anticipation and implementation/adjustment, was proposed by __________.

Pg. 341

A

David Tiedeman and Robert O’Hara

82
Q

All _________ theories contend that the individual has the power to choose from the various career options.

Pg. 342

A

decision-making theories

83
Q

553

John Krumboltz postulated a social learning approach to career choice. This model is based mainly on the work of ___________.

Pg. 342

A

Albert Bandura

84
Q

_________ emphasized the role of modeling in the acquisition of new behaviors. The theory states that people learn not only from the consequences of their own behavior, but also from observing the consequences of others.

A

Bandura

85
Q

_______ felt that interests are the results of “learning”, such that changes in interests can be “learned”. Thus, actual exposure to a wide range of work settings is highly desirable. Occupational indecisiveness is seen as an indication of an information deficit rather than a lack of career maturity.

Pg. 342

A

Krumboltz

86
Q

Two popular behavioral techniques include the RJP (realistic job preview) and guided imagery.

For ____ the student would contact a worker in the field and then interview the worker.

__________, effective for adults and adolescents, can be implemented by having the client imagine a day in the future working in the job or even receiving an award for outstanding performance in the position.

Pg. 342

A

RJP; Guided imagery

87
Q

554

The model Krumboltz suggested is _________.

Pg. 343

A

a behavioristic model of career development

88
Q

555

A counselor who favors a behavioristic mode of career counseling would most likely _________.

Pg. 343

A

suggest a site visit to a work setting

89
Q

The “job club” has been suggested by _________ who created the approach in the 1970s to help returning Vietnam vets. He also wrote the book “Job Club Counselor’s Manual: A Behavioral Approach to Vocational Counseling”.

Pg. 344

A

Nathan Azrin

90
Q

The _________ operates like a behaviorist group in which members share job leads and discuss or role-play specific behaviors (e.g., interviewing skills) necessary for job acquisition. It helps members learn from each other.

Pg. 344

A

job club

91
Q

556

A fairly recent model to explain career development is the decision approach. The Gelatt Decision Model created by Harry Gelatt refers to information as “the fuel of the decision.” The Gelatt Model asserts that information can be organized into three systems:

Pg. 344

A
  1. predictive
  2. value
  3. decision
92
Q

In the Gelatt Model, the ________ system is concerned with the probable alternatives, actions, and possibilities. The person’s ________ system is concerned with one’s relative preferences regarding the outcomes, while the ________ system provides rules and criteria for evaluating the outcome.

Pg. 344

A

predictive; value; decision

93
Q

557

In the Gelatt Model the predictive system deals with __________.

Pg. 344

A

alternatives and the probability of outcomes

94
Q

558

Linda Gottfredson’s developmental theory of career focuses on _________.

Pg. 345

A

circumscription (restrict choices) and compromise theory

95
Q

560

When career counselors speak of the OOH they are referring to the ________.

Pg. 346

A

Occupational Outlook Handbook

96
Q

The _____ was originally published by the U.S. Department of Labor in 1949 to aid WWII veterans. It is still around to this day and is revised every two years. It features the salient factors of the job, necessary training, earnings, advancement opportunities, and job prospects for the future.

Pg. 346

A

OOH (Occupational Outlook Handbook)

97
Q

The _________ became a virtual replacement for the DOT (Dictionary of Occupational Titles) in 1991. This source lists far fewer occupations than the old DOT. Many highly specialized jobs that only a small number of individuals worked as were dropped.

Pg. 346

A

O*NET (Occupational Information Network)

98
Q

562

In the DOT (Dictionary of Occupational Titles) each job was given a ______ digit code.

Pg. 347

A

9

99
Q

563

The DOT (Dictionary of Occupational Titles) was first published by the U.S. Department of Labor in 1938. The first 3 digits in a DOT code referred to ________.

Pg. 347

A

an occupational group

100
Q

564

You are working as a counselor for a major university. A student wants detailed statistics about the average wages in her state. The best resource would be _______.

Pg. 348

A

the Bureau of Labor Statistics website

101
Q

Richard Bolles’s __________ is the bestselling job hunting book of all time.

Pg. 348

A

“What Color is Your Parachute?”

102
Q

_______ is a software program for high school students that provides information to help them make informed decisions about career and transition planning. The middle school edition is __________.

Pg. 348

A

“Choices”; “Choices Explorer”

103
Q

______ is a self-assessment software and web-based program that helps college students and adults pick a major and a career based on their own values, interests, and education. It allows users to compare job choices and fine tune decisions.

Pg. 348

A

SIGI 3

104
Q

565

A counselor who is interested in trends in the job market should consult the ________.

Pg. 348

A

OOH (Occupational Outlook Handbook)

105
Q

The ________ codes job clusters (e.g., teachers, librarians, and counselors) via similar worker function. Thus, it is very useful for a counselor who wants to find additional occupations that a worker might already be trained for or could consider with additional training.

Pg. 349

A

SOC (Standard Occupational Classification Manual)

106
Q

The U.S. service economy is often classified as _____ collar (professional and administrative); _____ collar (skilled manual labor); and _____ collar (jobs dominated by women such as waitressing, secretary, child-care worker, teachers, or beauticians).

Pg. 350

A

White; Blue; Pink

107
Q

567

A counselor with a master’s degree who is working for minimum wage at a fast-food restaurant due to a lack of jobs in the field is a victim of _________.

Pg. 350

A

underemployment

Occurs when a worker is engaged in a position which is below their skill level.

108
Q

569

In a lifetime the average person has ______ jobs.

Pg. 351

A

10-15 jobs

109
Q

570

Self-efficacy theory is based on the work of _________.

Pg. 351

A

Albert Bandura

110
Q

571

The System of Interactive Guidance and Information (SIGI) and “Choices” are ________.

Pg. 351

A

computer-assisted career guidance systems (CACG)

**this can also be referred to as computer-based career information systems (CBCISs)

111
Q

572

A client who likes her flower-arranging job begins doing flower arranging in her spare time on weekends and after work. This phenomenon is best described as ________.

Pg. 352

A

spillover

112
Q

The _______ effect occurs when an interviewer’s impression of an interviewee is often affected by previous interviewees.

Pg. 352

A

contrast

113
Q

The __________ effect suggests that a worker compensates or makes up for things they can’t do on the job. (E.g., a librarian who must be quiet from 8am-5pm may go out after work and get wild, crazy, and LOUD.). Work can also help folks compensate for things missing in one’s life.

Pg. 352

A

compensatory

114
Q

When work and family are kept separate the term ________ can be utilized.

Pg. 353

A

segmentation

115
Q

_______ occurs when an individual’s work spills over into their time off the job. When this happens the person can talk about work with other family or household members and engages in activities similar to work during period of leisure.

Pg. 353

A

spillover

116
Q

The connection between family and work is known as ________.

Pg. 353

A

work interface

117
Q

573

A male client who hates his job is trying desperately to be the perfect father, husband, and family man. This phenomenon is best described as __________.

Pg. 353

A

the compensatory effect

118
Q

The ________ occurs when a rater’s judgment of an employee reflects primarily their most recent performance.

Pg. 353

A

recency effect

119
Q

The _________ occurs when a rater tends to give employees very high/lenient or very low/strict ratings while avoiding the middle or so-called average range. Raters who do the opposite (i.e., rate almost everybody in the average range) are said to display a ___________.

Pg. 353

A

leniency/strictness bias; central tendency bias

120
Q

574

The National Vocational Guidance Association was founded in 1913. It was fused with other organizations in 1952 to become the ________.

Pg. 354

A

APGA (American Personnel and Guidance Association)

**this is now known as the ACA (American counseling Association)

121
Q

575

Lifestyle includes _________.

Pg. 354

A

work, leisure, and style of living

122
Q

The SII (Strong Interest Inventory) measures interests, NOT ________. It was originally created by E. K. Strong, Jr., and was expanded on by _________. There is some sex bias within this instrument. It consists of 291 items and takes 30-45 mins to complete. It is suited for high school, college, and adult populations.

Pg. 355

A

abilities; David Campbell

123
Q

577

The Self-Directed Search (SDS) is _________. It was introduced in 1970.

Pg. 355

A

based on the work of Holland and yields scores on his 6 types, is self-administered, and is self-scored and self-interpreted

124
Q

Holland warned that the SDS is ______ suitable for grossly disturbed, uneducated, or illiterate persons. There is an easy form (known as Form “E”) available for those with limited reading skills or those who lack a high school education. It is also ____ recommended for those who have difficulty making decisions.

Pg. 356

A

NOT; NOT

125
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ work = lifting 10 lbs max
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ work = lifting 20 lbs max 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ work = lifting 50 lbs 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ work = lifting up to 100 lbs
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ work = lifting above 100 lbs

Pg. 356

A 
sedentary
light
medium
heavy 
very heavy
126
Q

579

The notion of the hidden job market would suggest that _________.

Pg. 356

A

most jobs are not advertised

127
Q

580

The SDS score will reveal __________.

Pg. 357

A

the individual’s three highest scores based on Holland’s personality types

128
Q

581

As you walk into a professional seminar on career counseling you note that the instructor is drawing a hexagon on the blackboard. The instructor is most likely discussing _________.

Pg. 357

A

Holland

129
Q

582

The Kuder Career Planning System (KCPS) would be appropriate for ________.

Pg. 357

A

K-12, postsecondary, and even adults

130
Q

_________ = both parents in the family have a job where advancement is possible

_________ = both parents have jobs where moving up the line is not possible or at best minimal

Pg. 358

A

dual-career; dual-earner

131
Q

584

Occupational aptitude tests such as the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT), the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Test Battery (ASVAB), and the O*NET Ability Profiler grew out of the _________.

Pg. 358

A

trait-and-factor movement related to career counseling

132
Q

An _______ test does not imply that you are adept at the skill (e.g., match, music, or principles right in law school) at the present moment. This test speculates about whether or not you could capture these skills with proper training and experience. This test measures potential.

Pg. 359

A

aptitude

133
Q

An ________ test implies that you are already adept at a skill.

Pg. 359

A

achievement

134
Q

_________ refers to a procedure where tasks, duties, skills, required education, safety issues, and other data are examined. This leads to a job description/job specifications.

Pg. 359

A

conducting a job analysis

135
Q

_________ rates the value of the job within the organization to decide what it should pay. It does not rate the person performing the job.

Pg. 359

A

job evaluation

136
Q

__________ and __________ discovered that even when girls manifest higher career maturity than boys, their aspirations are lower.

Pg. 361

A

Louise Fitzgerald & John Crites

137
Q

590

A displaced homemaker might have grown children or ___________.

Pg. 361

A

be widowed or divorced and be seeking employment

138
Q

A __________ is an individual who loses their job because the company downsizes or relocates. It can also refer to a person who has an obsolete set of job skills.

Pg. 361

A

dislocated worker

139
Q

591

Midlife career change ________. It generally takes place between ages 35 and 45 and additional training is often needed. Precipitating factors for the change include divorce, having a baby, caring for a disabled child, empty nest syndrome, and job dissatisfaction.

Pg. 361

A

is not that unusual

140
Q

The ________ is a woman who goes from working within the home to working outside the home.

Pg. 362

A

reentry women

141
Q

594

In terms of the labor market _________.

Pg. 362

A

The number of employees that employers want to hire goes down as salary goes up.

AND

The number of employees willing to work for an employer goes up as the salary increases.

**This is also known as the “supply and demand curve”.

142
Q

595

The career anchor theory was espoused by _______.

Pg. 363

A

Schein

143
Q

597

The in-basket technique would be best _________.

Pg. 364

A

when you are on a hiring committee and assessing candidates for a managerial position

144
Q

The _______ technique is a job simulation is which the job candidate is given a basket (or package of materials) including memos, emails, phone messages, requests for presentations, data reports, and even complaints that a manager would typically encounter after being off work for a period of time. The person making the hiring decision then monitors how the candidate makes decisions, prioritizes, pays attention to detail, delegates, and responds to the correspondence.

Pg. 364

A

in-basket

145
Q

598

The concept of job clubs as promoted by Azrin et al. _________.

Pg. 365

A

is very behavioristic

146
Q

In the _________ approach to career counseling the counselor lets the client find their own leads and jobs contacts.

With the philosophy of __________, the counselor may give the client job leads and take an active stance in terms of working with the client. This approach is preferable with clients who lack the concrete skills necessary to land a job.

Pg. 365

A

client centered; selective placement

147
Q

The job-finding club is an example of a _________ group strategy in that client share job leads and work on actual skills (e.g., interviewing).

Pg. 365

A

behavioristic

148
Q

_________ are highly recommended for the disabled.

Pg. 365

A

job clubs

149
Q

_______ is well-known for his Career Maturity Inventory (CMI) that measures attitudes and competencies relates to the career choice process.

Pg. 365

A

Crites

150
Q

599

Which counselor would most likely say that we choose a job to meet our needs?

Pg. 365

A

Robert Hoppock

151
Q

600

All of the following are difficulties with career testing EXCEPT:

a. stereotyping
b. the tests all take at least 3 hours to administer
c. the counselor may rely too heavily on test results
d. many tests are biased in favor of white middle-class clients

Pg. 366

A

b. the tests all take at least 3 hours to administer

Most instruments take less than an hour to complete.

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