Group Counseling & Group Work Flashcards
401
Prior to the 1960’s most counseling took place ________.
A. in a group setting
B. with the entire family present
C. in a dyadic relationship
D. in behavior therapy clinics
Pg. 257
C. in a dyadic relationship
Dyad = unit of two functioning as a pair (counselor & counselee)
Family & behavior therapy was not evident in the 1950’s.
402
A group has ________.
A. a membership which can be defined
B. some degree of unity and interaction
C. a share purpose
D. all of the above
Pg. 258
D. all of the above
403
The term “group therapy” was coined in 1931 by _______.
A. Frank Parsons, the father of guidance (also referred to as vocational guidance).
B. Jacob Moreno, the father of psychodrama
C. E.G. Williamson, associated with the Minnesota Viewpoint
D. Frits Perls, the father of gestalt therapy
Pg. 258
B. Jacob Moreno, the father of psychodrama
Jacob Moreno’s “Theatre of _________” in the 1920’s relied on improvisation and drama as healing forces.
Pg. 259
Spontaneity
_________ techniques are appropriate for family therapy and group work.
Pg. 259
psychodramatic
The first mutual aid, self-help support group, __________, was founded in 1935 by a stock broker, Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith in Akron, Ohio. Membership of this group worldwide is now thought to top two million. This group is also referred to as a 12-step group.
Pg. 259
Alcoholics Anonymous
404
Noted psychotherapy author and scholar Raymond Corsini once referred to the early 1940s as the “modern era” of group work. In the 1940s the two organizations for group therapy were created and group work became a legitimate specialty. The groups are __________.
A. NASW and NBCC
B. ASGW and AAS
C. the American Society for Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama (ASGPP) spawned by the work of Jacob Moreno in 1942 and the American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA) which results from the effort of Samuel Richard Slavson in 1943.
D. AACD and APA
Pg. 259
C. the American Society for Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama (ASGPP) spawned by the work of Jacob Moreno in 1942 and the American Group Psychotherapy Association (AGPA) which results from the effort of Samuel Richard Slavson in 1943.
405
Which theorist’s (or theorists’) work has been classified as a preface to the group movement?
A. Sigmund Freud
B. C. G. Jung
C. Alfred Adler & Jesse B. Davis
D. Marsha Linehan, who created dialetical behavior therapy (DBT), originally used to deal with suicidal behaviors.
Pg. 260
C. Alfred Adler & Jesse B. Davis
406
Primary groups are ________.
A. preventative and attempt to ward off problems
B. always follow a person-centered paradigm
C. generally utilized for long-term psychotherapy
D. always focused on the client’s childhood
Pg. 260
A. preventative and attempt to ward off problems
In a _______ group a problem or disturbance is present but not usually severe. This group works to reduce the severity or length of a problem and generally includes aspects of prevention. A grief or shyness group might fall into this category.
Pg. 261
secondary
The ________ group deals more with individual difficulties that are more serious and longstanding.
Pg. 261
tertiary
407
A group is classified as secondary. This implies that ________.
A. it is preventative and attempts to ward off problems
B. a difficulty or disturbance is present
C. two therapists are utilized
D. all of the above
Pg. 261
B. a difficulty or disturbance is present
According to CACREP, a student should participate in a small group activity within the program for at least ___ clock hours during a given semester.
Pg. 261
10 hours
408
When comparing a tertiary group with a primary or secondary group _______.
A. the tertiary group focuses less on individual members
B. the tertiary group focuses more on the here and now
C. the tertiary group is less likely to deal with severe pathology
D. the tertiary group is more likely to deal with severe pathology
Pg. 262
D. the tertiary group is more likely to deal with severe pathology
409
Group norms _________.
A. exist only in encounter groups
B. exist only in career counseling groups
C. are not related to group cohesiveness
D. govern acceptable behavior and group rules
Pg. 262
D. govern acceptable behavior and group rules
410
Group therapy initially flourished in the U.S. due to ________.
A. Freud’s lectures in this country
B. a shortage of competent career counselors
C. a shortage of individual therapists during WWII.
D. pressure from nondirective therapists pushing encounter groups
Pg. 263
C. a shortage of individual therapists during WWII.
411
Group content refers to material discussed in a group setting. Group process refers to _________.
A. analysis of the unconscious
B. analysis of the ego
C. the T-group paradigm
D. the manner in which discussions and transactions occur
Pg. 263
D. the manner in which discussions and transactions occur
412
Group cohesiveness refers to ________.
A. forces which tend to bind group members together
B. an analysis of group content
C. a common coleadership style
D. a style of leadership
Pg. 264
A. forces which tend to bind group members together
The term “_________” is associated with Kurt Lewin’s “field theory” in which this term was seen as a binding force among group members.
Pg. 264
cohesiveness
Lewin called the binding force between group members “___________”.
Pg. 264
positive valence
When a group displays little or no cohesiveness the group will be viewed as “_________”.
Pg. 264
fragmented
413
Some theorists feel that group therapy differs from group counseling (which is also called an interpersonal problem-solving group) in that __________.
A. group counseling would be of longer duration
B. group therapy, also dubbed as a personality reconstruction group, would be of longer duration
C. group counseling requires far more training
D. group therapy addresses a less-disturbed population of clients
Pg. 264
B. group therapy, also dubbed as a personality reconstruction group, would be of longer duration
414
Most experts would agree that overall ________.
A. structured exercises are more effective than unstructured techniques
B. structured exercises are less effective than unstructured techniques
C. all well-trained therapists favor structured exercises over unstructured techniques
D. ethical guidelines must forbid unstructured techniques because they can be dangerous to the depressed or anxious client
Pg. 265
B. structured exercises are less effective than unstructured techniques
415
One advantage of group work is that a counselor can see more clients in a given period of time. One disadvantage is that a counselor can be too focused on group processes and _________.
A. individual issues are not properly examined
B. the group becomes too behavioristic
C. a & b
D. the group focuses too much on content
Pg. 266
A. individual issues are not properly examined
416
According to the risky shift phenomenon, a group decision will _________.
A. be less conservative than the average group member’s decision, prior to the group discussion
B. be more conservative than the average group member’s decision, prior to the group discussion
C. often be aggressive or illegal
D. violate the group’s confidentiality norms
Pg. 267
A. be less conservative than the average group member’s decision, prior to the group discussion
417
T-groups often stress ways employees can express themselves in an effective manner. The “T” in T-groups merely stands for _________.
A. techniques
B. taxonomy
C. training
D. testing
Pg. 268
C. training
418
A counselor suggests that her client join an assertiveness training group. Most assertiveness training groups are __________.
A. unstructured
B. psychodynamic or person-centered
C. focused heavily on existential concerns
D. behavioristic and highly structured
Pg. 268
D. behavioristic and highly structured
419
Weight Watchers is a __________.
A. T-group, also called a training group
B. self-help or support group, as is AA
C. psychotherapy group
D. marathon group
Pg. 269
B. self-help or support group, as is AA
A _________ group is conducted by an organization (ex: AA or Weight Watchers) and might charge fees.
Pg. 270
support
A _________ group (say a group of neighbors getting together to brainstorm ways to clean up after a flood) would not have an official organization or charge fees.
Pg. 270
self-help
420
The ACA and the ASGW division recommend screening for potential group members _________.
A. for all groups
B. only when the group is in a hospital inpatient setting
C. only when the group is composed of minors
D. only is the group deals with chemical dependency
Pg. 270
A. for all groups
A ________ group is a long group that generally lasts a minimum of 24 hours and may be conducted over a weekend or a period of several days. This type of group plays on the theme that after an extended period of time defenses and facades will group and the person can become honest, genuine, and real. This paradigm is credited to Fredrick Stoller and George Bach, who created this idea in the 1960s.
Pg. 270
marathon
421
A counselor is conducting a screening for clients who wish to participate in a counseling group which will meet Tuesday nights at his private office. Which client would most likely be the poorest choice for a group member?
A. a shy librarian
B. an anxious salesman with no group experience
C. an extremely hostile and belligerent construction worker
D. a student with 16 hours toward her M.ED in counseling
Pg. 271
C. an extremely hostile and belligerent construction worker
Clients who are very verbal, open to feedback from others, and believe in group therapy often make ________ group members.
Pg. 271
excellent
Hostile individuals who act out aggressively, persons who are actively suicidal or homicidal, paranoid clients, those who are totally self-centered, or psychotic individuals are typically ______ for most counseling groups.
Pg. 271
not appropriate
422
A counselor is screening clients for a new group at the college counseling center. Which client would most likely be the poorest choice for a group member?
A. a first-year student who is suicidal and sociopathic
B. a second-year student who stutters
C. a graduate student with a facial tic
D. a fourth-year student with OCD tendencies
Pg. 272
A. a first-year student who is suicidal and sociopathic
423
A screening for group members can be done in a group or privately. Although private screening interviews are not as cost effective or as time efficient as group screening, many group leaders feel that private screening sessions are superior _________.
A. because they intensify transference
B. because they encourage catharsis
C. because they intensify abreaction
D. in terms of counselor-client interaction
Pg. 272
D. in terms of counselor-client interaction
424
Most experts in the field of group counseling would agree that the most important trait for group members is the ability _________.
A. to open up
B. to listen
C. to trust
D. to convey empathy
Pg. 273
C. to trust
425
Groups can be open or closed. The two differ in that __________.
A. open groups are limited to hospital settings
B. in an open group, members can socialize between group meetings
C. closed groups always employ coleaders
D. closed group allow no new members after the group begins
Pg. 273
D. closed group allow no new members after the group begins
426
One major advantage of a closed group vs. an open group is __________.
A. cost effectiveness
B. it promotes cohesiveness
C. it lessens counselor burnout
D. it allows the members to meet less frequently
Pg. 274
B. it promotes cohesiveness
427
One major disadvantage of a closed group vs. an open group is that _________.
A. if everyone quits, you will be left with no group members
B. closed groups cannot provide depth therapy
C. it promotes paranoid feelings in group members
D. closed groups are much more structured
Pg. 274
A. if everyone quits, you will be left with no group members
428
The number of people in an open group is generally _________.
A. more stable than in a closed group
B. much smaller after an extended period of time than in a closed group
C. significantly larger than in a closed group
D. more dependent on the group leader’s marketing skills than in a closed group
Pg. 274
A. more stable than in a closed group
429
One distinct disadvantage of an open group is that _________.
A. new members are not accepted after the first meeting
B. the leader does not control the screening process
C. a member who begins after the first meeting has missed information or experiences
D. the group is generally too behavioristic for depth therapy to occur
Pg. 275
C. a member who begins after the first meeting has missed information or experiences
430
When a group member is speaking, it is best for the counselor to _________.
A. try to face the group member
B. not face the group member, as this does not appear genuine in a group setting
C. smile while listening
D. suppress genuine emotion
Pg. 276
A. try to face the group member
431
A group setting has a flexible seating arrangement in which clients are free to sit wherever they wish. In this setting it is likely that _________.
A. an African American client and a white leader would sit close together
B. a Latino/a client and an African American leader would sit close together
C. an Asian American client and an African American leader would sit close together
D. an Asian American leader and an Asian American client would sit close together
Pg. 276
D. an Asian American leader and an Asian American client would sit close together
In a group where the members are very similar or alike the group composition displays __________.
Pg. 277
homogeneity
A group has _________ when members are dissimilar.
Pg. 277
heterogeneity
432
A group setting has a flexible seating arrangement in which clients are free to sit wherever they wish. In this setting it is likely that __________.
A. a male client in a designer suit and a female client in cutoff jeans will sit close together
B. a Cuban male client in a designer suit and an Asian male client in another brand of designer suit will sit close together
C. a white female client in a designer outfit and a white male client in a pair of old jeans and an undershirt will sit close together
D. a male client in a designer suit and a female client in a jogging suit and old tennis shoes with holes in them will sit close together
Pg. 277
B. a Cuban male client in a designer suit and an Asian male client in another brand of designer suit will sit close together
Some evidence points to the fact that social class means more than ______ in terms of group setting.
Pg. 278
race
433
Which statement made by a doctoral-level counselor is illustrative of a leader focused on process rather than product?
A. “Jim seems more relaxed today.”
B. “Sally seems a bit self-critical this evening.”
C. “I hear a lot of sadness in Betty’s voice.”
D. “You wince whenever Jane raises her voice.”
Pg. 278
D. “You wince whenever Jane raises her voice.”
All other choices focus primarily on the analysis of the client’s material or content.
434
Which statement made by a group leader in a residential center for adolescents focuses on product rather than process?
A. “Ken has not stolen for a week and thus is eligible for supplementary tokens.”
B. “Karen looks down when Bill discusses relationships.”
C. “It sounds like there is a deep sense of hurt…”
D. “Oh, so you fold your arms and sort of close up when Carey mentions the angry side of your personality.”
Pg. 278
A. “Ken has not stolen for a week and thus is eligible for supplementary tokens.”
435
Groups promote the concept of universality, which suggests that __________.
A. we are unique and so are our problems
B. there is a universal way to solve nearly any difficulty
C. a & b
D. we are not the only ones in the world with a given problem
Pg. 278
D. we are not the only ones in the world with a given problem
436
In the late 1930s researchers identified three basic leadership styles:
A. directive, nondirective, and semi-passive
B. autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire
C. relaxed, anxious, and tense
D. assertive, nonassertive, and aggressive
Pg. 279
B. autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire
The _________ leadership style involves the leader giving out orders, is authoritative, and is least liked.
Pg. 279
autocratic
The __________ leadership style allows group members to do what they please without interference or direction.
Pg. 279
laissez faire
The _________ leadership style is participative.
Pg. 279
democratic
_______ leaders are distant but aggressive
impersonal
________ leaders emotionally stimulate group members and are charismatic
energizers
________ leaders exert executive control
managers
________ leaders are very high in caring
providers
________ leaders use their personal power, charisma, and attractiveness to foster facilitation
charismatic
437
The autocratic or authoritarian leader may give orders to the group, while the laissez faire leader ________.
A. assigns a group member as the authoritarian
B. has a hands-off policy and participates very little, with the group basically taking responsibility for itself
C. has the most desirable style of leadership
D. nearly always run open-ended groups
Pg. 280
B. has a hands-off policy and participates very little, with the group basically taking responsibility for itself
Effective leaders have discovered that modeling appropriate behaviors _______ group participation, even when the members are resistant.
Pg. 280
improves
438
When comparing the autocratic, democratic, and laissez faire styles, _________.
A. the autocratic is the most desirable
B. the laissez faire is the most desirable
C. the democratic, or what Sam Gladding called the facilitator, is the most desirable
D. there is no discernible difference in effectiveness
Pg. 281
C. the democratic, or what Sam Gladding called the facilitator, is the most desirable
Keep in mind: The democratic style is NOT the most effective in every situation.
439
A group with more than one leader is said to utilize coleaders. Coleadership is desirable because _______.
A. the group can go on even if one leader is absent
B. two leaders can focus on group dynamics better than one leader since two individuals will have better observational skills
C. leaders can process their feelings between sessions
D. all of the above
Pg. 281
D. all of the above
440
Coleadership _________.
A. reduces burnout and helps ensure safety
B. increases burnout
C. has no impact on burnout
D. should not be used for open groups
Pg. 281
A. reduces burnout and helps ensure safety
Many group leaders do in fact work _____ on their own.
Pg. 282
best
Coleaders work best when each leader has a _______ philosophy and group style.
Pg. 282
similar
It is generally accepts that it is best for coleaders to physically sit on _______ sides of the group.
Pg. 282
opposite
441
Coleadership __________.
A. is helpful when one leader is experiencing countertransference
B. exacerbates the harm of countertransference
C. has no impact on the issue of countertransference
D. eliminates all difficulties associated with countertransference
Pg. 282
A. is helpful when one leader is experiencing countertransference
442
Coleadership, also referred to as cofacilitation, can be a disadvantage when __________.
A. leaders are working against each other; this can fragment the group
B. leaders are intimate with each other
C. leaders question each other’s competence
D. all of the above
Pg. 282
D. all of the above
It is generally accepts that is there are problems between coleaders, it is best if such difficulties are _________________________________.
Pg. 282
aired in a format that models effective conflict resolution during the session rather than “pretending everything is wonderful.”
443
Coleaders are apt to work at cross purposes when ________.
A. they do not meet between group sessions
B. they do meet between group sessions
C. they are master’s-level practitioners
D. they are doctoral-level practitioners
Pg. 283
A. they do not meet between group sessions
444
Gerald Corey, who has written extensively on group therapy, believes _________ is necessary for an effective group leader.
A. a master’s degree in guidance and counseling
B. a doctorate in counselor education
C. participation in a therapeutic group and participation in a leader’s group (even if the individual is well-educated and is licensed and certified)
D. three credit hours in a graduate course in group therapy
Pg. 283
C. participation in a therapeutic group and participation in a leader’s group (even if the individual is well-educated and is licensed and certified)
445
Most experts would agree that an effective adult counseling group has _______ members.
A. 9 to 12
B. 3 to 5
C. 11 to 16
D. 5 or 6 to 8
Pg. 284
D. 5 or 6 to 8
NOTE: The younger the age the fewer the members.
446
Most experts would agree that an effective counseling group for children has ________.
A. more members than an adult group
B. less members than an adult group
C. at least two group leaders
D. 9 to 12 members
Pg. 284
B. less members than an adult group
3-4 children is usually recommended.
447
Although the length of group counseling sessions will vary, most experts would agree that _______ is plenty of time even when critical issues are being examined.
A. 3 hours per session
B. 1 hout per session
C. 6 hours per session
D. 2 hours per session
Pg. 284
D. 2 hours per session
1.5-2 hours is sufficient for an adult group
Children require a shorter session due to having a shorter attention span, therefore, it’s best to have group more frequently.
448
In terms of group risks ________.
A. an ethical leader will discuss them during the initial session with a client.
B. an ethical leader should never discuss risks with a client
C. research has demonstrated that the less said about them, the better the group will interact
D. an ethical leader allows the group to discover risks and work through them at their own pace
Pg. 285
A. an ethical leader will discuss them during the initial session with a client.
Although group confidentiality is desirable, leaders should inform participants that they ________ confidentiality.
Pg. 285
cannot guarantee
449
An adept group leader will ________.
A. attempt to safeguard client against risks
B. work to reduce risks and dangers
C. a & b
D. let the group handle the dangers on their own
Pg. 285
C. a & b
Ideally, _________ occurs during screening before the initial group session, although in the real world this is not always possible.
Pg. 285
informed consent
450
A group participant wants to drop out of a group. Since the group is “closed” most experts would agree that ________.
A. the leader must insist that the client stay
B. the client is allowed to withdraw
C. the leader should allow other members to put pressure on the participant to stay.
D. a & c
Pg. 286
B. the client is allowed to withdraw
When a client is required to go to counseling or therapy it is known as “___________”.
Pg. 286
mandatory treatment
When a client is referred for treatment and is not enthusiastic about the intervention, the term _________ is usually applied.
Pg. 286
reluctant client
451
During the initial session of a group the leader explains that no smoking and no cursing will be permitted. This is known as ________.
A. setting ground rules
B. ambivalent transference
C. blocking
D. scapegoating
Pg. 286
A. setting ground rules
The term __________ is a psychoanalytic notion often thrown out in multicultural circles which suggest that a client will treat a therapist with ambivalence, as they would any person viewed as an authority figure.
Pg. 286
ambivalent transference
________ is a term often used in group work. It occurs when a leader uses an intervention to stop a negative or counterproductive behavior which could hurt another member or the group.
Pg. 287
blocking
In ________, group members gang up on a single group member.
Pg. 287
scapegoating
452
Group norms refer to ________.
A. a statistically normal group composed of 8-12 members
B. a statistically normal group composed of 12-14 members
C. a normal group with no cultural differences
D. the range of acceptable behavior within the group
Pg. 287
D. the range of acceptable behavior within the group
453
The study of group operations is often called ________.
A. group desensitization
B. the hot seat technique
C. group dynamics
D. structuring the group
Pg. 287
C. group dynamics
Group stages, cohesiveness, leadership style, and decision making are prime examples of __________.
Pg. 287
group dynamics
The term “__________” was popularized by Fritz Perl’s gestalt therapy groups. A person who is the target of the therapist’s interventions in the here and now is said to be on the “_________”.
Pg. 287
hot seat; hot seat
The term _________ refers to a group that focuses on a given theme, such as a group for veterans.
Pg. 287
structured group
Note: this is NOT the same as group structure.
454
The word dynamic means the group is ________.
A. normal
B. always changing
C. static
D. defined in an operational manner
Pg. 288
B. always changing
455
Experts firmly believe that a common weakness in many groups is ________.
A. setting too many goals
B. using a male and a female coleader
C. that the leader uses a democratic style
D. a lack of goal setting
Pg. 288
D. a lack of goal setting
456
A group leader who utilizes an abundance of group exercises is ________.
A. probably not running an assertiveness training group
B. is running an unstructured group
C. is running a structured group
D. is invariably running a self-help group
Pg. 289
C. is running a structured group
457
Some theorists object to the word “unstructured” in group work because __________.
A. a group cannot not have structure
B. only structured groups are effective
C. unstructured groups are hardly therapeutic
D. unstructured refers only to counseling and not to therapy groups
Pg. 289
A. a group cannot not have structure
458
Some research demonstrates that __________.
A. structured exercises early in the group impaired later communication between group members
B. structured exercises with feedback early in the group served to improve communication between group members
C. autocratic of authoritarian leadership styles promote communication best
D. structured exercises are never appropriate
Pg. 289
B. structured exercises with feedback early in the group served to improve communication between group members
459
In some literature, group cohesiveness, or “we-ness,” is known as _________.
A. group unity
B. a sociogram
C. Karpman’s triangle
D. the transition stage
Pg. 290
A. group unity
A ________ is simply a pictorial account of a group which serves to diagram member interaction.
Pg. 290
sociogram
460
Group members assume roles within a group. Which of the following is not a group role?
A. Energizer
B. Scapegoat
C. Gatekeeper
D. Reactive schizophrenia
Pg. 290
D. Reactive schizophrenia
461
A group member who insists on asking other members inappropriate questions is known as a Peeping Tom or _________.
A. an energizer
B. a scapegoat
C. an interrogator
D. a follower
Pg. 291
C. an interrogator
“_________”, or constipation of emotions, is seen as the opposite of excitation.
Pg. 292
inhibition
463
The _________ may secretly wish that they were running the group.
A. follower
B. gatekeeper
C. social isolate
D. harmonizer
Pg. 292
B. gatekeeper
464
Everybody picks on __________.
A. the gatekeeper
B. the harmonizer, also known as the conciliator
C. the scapegoat
D. the storyteller, the intellectualizer, the attacker, and the joker
Pg. 292
C. the scapegoat
465
A female group member is obviously not participating. A group member playing the ________ is most likely to mention this and urge her to participate.
A. gatekeeper
B. interrogator
C. scapegoat
D. storyteller
Pg. 292
A. gatekeeper
The “________” is ignored by others. They generally feel afraid to reach out or do reach out and are genuinely rejected. This is not the same as scapegoats because scapegoats receive attention, although it is not overwhelmingly positive. A person in this role receives little to no attention.
Pg. 293
isolate role
466
Cohesiveness, or group unity, is desirable. It promotes bonding and a sense of “we-ness” between group members. When cohesiveness is strong, nevertheless, it also can be negative as __________.
A. it can stunt creativity
B. it can boost conformity
C. a & b
D. it can cause the group to split into factions
Pg. 293
C. a & b
467
In a healthy group, members _________.
A. assume a role and never change it
B. have no roles
C. are flexible and can change roles
D. spend a great deal of time practicing role reversal
Pg. 293
C. are flexible and can change roles
468
In a group, task roles _________.
A. help solve problems
B. aid in terms of goal setting and keep the group focused
C. are seen as positive
D. all of the above
Pg. 294
D. all of the above
If you have a group of very immature participants, then the so-called _____________ is recommended. Here the leader tells members what to do and does not emphasize relationships among members.
Pg. 295
“Situational Leadership Style”
An entire group could be classified as a __________. A group of this nature focuses on accomplishing work goals. An athletic team and/or a quality-circle-employee-run group attempting to improve a business.
Pg. 294
task/work group.
469
Maintenance roles, like task roles, are positive since such roles _________.
A. help to maintain the group
B. are self-serving
C. help promote autocratic leadership
D. always stress the importance of the here and now
Pg. 295
A. help to maintain the group
_________ really implies that the role maintains group interaction. These roles support the group’s livelihood and hence are seen as positive.
Pg. 295
Maintenance
The words ________ & __________ could refer to either a group member’s role or the leader’s behavior.
Pg. 295
task & maintenance
Conflict between group members can often be resolved by having the leader prescribe a _____ on which all the members must work together in order to accomplish it.
Pg. 295
task
470
Self-serving or individual roles are negative inasmuch as __________.
A. they promote democratic leadership
B. they work against the group
C. they serve the individual and not the group
D. b & c
Pg. 296
D. b & c
471
Although task roles and maintenance roles are indeed positive, the group can suffer if the group is not flexible and remains in one or the other role too long since ________.
A. an effective group needs some self-serving roles
B. is a group gets stuck in task roles, interaction suffers
C. if a group gets stuck in maintenance roles, little work (or tasks) will be accomplished
D. b & c
Pg. 296
D. b & c
472
Group specialists define role conflict as _________.
A. tension between two group members who have assumed different roles
B. a situation in which there is a discrepancy between the way a member is expected to behave and the way they actually behave
C. tension between the group leader and a group member
D. member criticizing other members between group sessions
Pg. 296
B. a situation in which there is a discrepancy between the way a member is expected to behave and the way they actually behave
472
Group specialists define role conflict as _________.
A. tension between two group members who have assumed different roles
B. a situation in which there is a discrepancy between the way a member is expected to behave and the way they actually behave
C. tension between the group leader and a group member
D. members criticizing other members between group sessions
Pg. 296
B. a situation in which there is a discrepancy between the way a member is expected to behave and the way they actually behave
473
A major group dynamic is group development. This is usually expressed in terms of ________.
A. the number of hours of group conflict
B. theories of group stages
C. the Rosenthal effect
D. the Hawthorne effect
Pg. 297
B. theories of group stages
The four stages of group therapy are
A. forming, storming, norming, performing, termination
B. storming, forming, performing, norming, termination
C. norming, performing, forming, storming, termination
D. termination, forming, performing, storming, norming
Pg. 297
A. forming, storming, norming, performing, termination
474
Irvin Yalom is a famous existentialist therapist and a pioneer in the group movement. He suggested these four group stages: orientation, conflict, cohesion, and termination. In 1977 Tuckman and Jensen reviewed 25 years of research and came up with five stages: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Which stage in Tuckman and Jensen’s paradigm is similar to Yalom’s orientation stage?
A. forming
B. storming
C. norming
D. performing
Pg. 297
A. forming
475
The final stage suggested by theories of group stages generally deals with issues of __________.
A. group tasks
B. transition
C. power and control
D. separation and termination
Pg. 298
D. separation and termination
476
The initial group stage has been called forming, orientation, or the preaffiliation stage. This stage is characterized by ________.
A. avoidance-avoidance conflicts
B. a tendency for members to compete with the leader for power
C. approach-avoidance behavior
D. members working on the interpretation of unconscious behavior
Pg. 298
C. approach-avoidance behavior
477
A client would generally feel the most suspicious of others in ________.
A. the final stage of separation or termination
B. the intimacy stage
C. the group formation/exploratory stage
D. a group with coleadership, also known as cofacilitation
Pg. 299
C. the group formation/exploratory stage
478
Fights between subgroups and members showing rebellion against the leader generally occur in ________.
A. the second stage known as the control stage or the transition stage
B. the first stage known as the orientation stage or formation stage
C. the separation stage
D. the intimacy stage
Pg. 299
A. the second stage known as the control stage or the transition stage
479
A hierarchy, or pecking order, among members occurs in ________.
A. the stage of storming, also known as the power-control stage
B. the orientation stage
C. the separation stage
D. the intimacy stage
Pg. 300
A. the stage of storming, also known as the power-control stage
480
Group planning occurs ________.
A. in the initial stage
B. in the stage after the transition or conflict stage
C. in the final stage, also known as the termination stage
D. before the group begins and continues throughout the life of the group
Pg. 300
D. before the group begins and continues throughout the life of the group
The term “____________” has been used to describe the process of obtaining information to determine whether a group is the most desirable form of treatment and, if it is, to decide the exact nature of the group experience. The counselor needs to look at demographics, community needs, and social considerations.
Pg. 300
ecological planning
Planning for a _______ can include ____ steps:
- whether to use a single facilitator or coleadership
- an assessment of the best surroundings
- how the group will receive funding or payment
- whether a marketing or recruitment strategy is necessary
- what information can be useful from books, journals, or the internet
- how the clients will be screened and prepared for the group
- providing clients with informed consent documents
Pg. 300
group; 7
481
The final group stage (also called the termination stage) is geared toward __________
A. developing intimacy
B. working through power and control issues
C. exploration
D. breaking away
PG. 301
D. breaking away
Every group _________ necessarily pass through every stage and that there is not always a clear-cut discernible line of demarcation separating one group stage from another.
Pg. 301
does not
482
A group therapist is constructing a diagram to better understand the dynamics between subgroups and members. This is called _________.
A. sculpturing
B. ego state analysis
C. charting a pictorial sociogram
D. charting the variance
Pg. 301
C. charting a pictorial sociogram
483
A group leader who asks each group member to recapitulate what they have learned during a session is promoting __________.
A. summarization, the act of briefly stating what has transpired or discussed
B. clarification, the act of making certain that the leader and the group truly understand the key factors related to what a member is attempting to communicate
C. blocking, the act of putting a halt to a group member’s actions that might have a negative impact on other group members
D. linking, the act of pointing out similarities between clients
Pg. 302
A. summarization, the act of briefly stating what has transpired or discussed
484
A leader who wishes to stop inappropriate discussion should rely on _________.
A. summarization
B. clarification
C. blocking
D. linking
Pg. 302
C. blocking
When a leader allows each group member to weigh in on a given topic that is referred to as “_________”.
Pg. 303
“making the rounds”
485
When a leader attempts to relate one person’s predicament to another person’s predicament, it is known as _________.
A. summarization
B. clarification
C. blocking
D. linking
Pg. 303
D. linking
486
Strategies that approach the group as a whole are known as ________.
A. vertical interventions
B. horizontal interventions
C. crossed transactions
D. parallel transactions
Pg. 303
B. horizontal interventions
________ leaders favor here-and-now interventions.
Pg. 304
interpersonal leaders
________ leaders are more likely to work on the past, sometimes employing psychodynamic notions.
Pg. 304
intrapersonal leaders
487
Strategies that focus on an individual member of the group are known as _________.
A. vertical interventions
B. horizontal interventions
C. crossed transactions
D. parallel transactions
Pg. 304
A. vertical interventions
488
A group therapist must make ________.
A. fewer decisions than an individual therapist
B. the same number of decisions as an individual therapist
C. modality changes for each group
D. more decisions than an individual therapist
Pg. 304
D. more decisions than an individual therapist
489
When a counselor reads the journals in this field, it becomes evident that ________.
A. group counseling has more research than individual counseling
B. researchers and practitioners are working very closely to provide accurate and effective group strategies
C. a researcher/practitioner split exists in group work
D. no journals focus solely on group work
Pg. 305
C. a researcher/practitioner split exists in group work
490
Experts predict that in the future ________.
A. group leaders will be more like life-skills trainers
B. group leaders will become more person-centered
C. group leaders will return to a psychodynamic viewpoint
D. groups will lose their popularity and eventually die out
Pg. 305
A. group leaders will be more like life-skills trainers
491
According to researchers, groups are effective ________.
A. although researchers cannot pinpoint precisely why this is true
B. due to increased transference in group work
C. due to better morale in a group setting
D. due to the emphasis on cognitive restructuring
Pg. 306
A. although researchers cannot pinpoint precisely why this is true
492
A major limitation related to group work is that ________.
A. REBT cannot be utilized in group therapy
B. it is not really cost effective
C. gestalt therapy cannot be used in a group setting
D. a group leader can lose control and members could experience emotional harm
Pg. 306
D. a group leader can lose control and members could experience emotional harm
This statement is a _________.
A client may need individual therapy before they can benefit from group work.
Pg. 306
limitation of group work
This statement is a _________.
That a client may not be capable of trusting others enough to reveal key material since they fear others may find it unacceptable.
Pg. 306
limitation of group work
This statement is a _________.
The group could become a substitute experience for the real world.
Pg. 306
limitation of group work
This statement is a _________.
The group counselor may not be as effective with a whole group of people as they are with just one personal individual treatment.
Pg. 306
limitation of group work
This statement is a _________.
Some clients may feel pressure to replace their personal norms with those of the group.
Pg. 306
limitation of group work
This statement is a _________.
Disappointment can set in if the group is not helpful and the person loses faith in treatment without experiencing individual sessions.
Pg. 306
limitation of group work
493
A major advantage of group work vs. individual work is that ________.
A. members learn to give help in addition to receiving it and group sessions generally cost less (i.e., they are more economical) than individual counseling sessions.
B. the leader has a less complex role than that of an individual counselor.
C. the group leader nearly always possesses more training than an individual counselor.
D. all of the above.
Pg. 307
A. members learn to give help in addition to receiving it and group sessions generally cost less (i.e., they are more economical) than individual counseling sessions.
494
Which statement best depicts a major advantage of group work?
A. group work usually focuses on the here and now
B. group work is always time limited
C. group work is always superior for career counseling
D. the group setting is somewhat analogous to the communication and interaction of everyday life
Pg. 308
D. the group setting is somewhat analogous to the communication and interaction of everyday life
There is no body of research which would say that in general group work is ________ to other forms of treatment.
Pg. 308
superior
495
Which of these factors is NOT delineated by Irvin Yalom as a curative factor?
A. altruism, universality, and existential learning
B. manifest dream content and insight into the unconscious mind
C. catharsis, cohesiveness, and instillation of hope
D. imitative behavior and reenactment of family experiences
Pg. 308
B. manifest dream content and insight into the unconscious mind
496
In terms of research and the group leader’s personality, ________.
A. extroverts are the most effective leaders
B. introverts are the most effective leaders
C. qualities such as flexibility, enthusiasm, and common sense may be helpful to a very small degree
D. qualities such as flexibility, enthusiasm, and common sense have a tremendous positive impact
Pg. 309
C. qualities such as flexibility, enthusiasm, and common sense may be helpful to a very small degree
497
R. K. Conyne suggested that group intervention is intended to _________.
A. ferret out unconscious material
B. enhance rational self-talk
C. illuminate dysfunctional nonverbal behavior
D. prevent, correct, or enhance behavior
Pg. 309
D. prevent, correct, or enhance behavior
498
A group leader who wishes to assess the impact of the group ideally would ________.
A. hand out a written evaluation form during the final session
B. hold a follow-up session so members can share experiences
C. have an outside “observer” sit in during group sessions and consequently rate the level of behavioral change
D. give each member a pretest and a posttest utilizing a projective measure
Pg. 309
C. have an outside “observer” sit in during group sessions and consequently rate the level of behavioral change
499
A group leader who is counseling children under 10 years of age could best enhance the treatment process by ________.
A. involving parents and asking them for input
B. keeping parents uninvolved
C. reminding the children to speak softly at all times
D. b & c
Pg. 310
A. involving parents and asking them for input
500
When an adolescent complains about his or her parents in the group it is best to ________.
A. jump on the bandwagon and agree with the child
B. avoid taking sides but help them see the parents’ point of view via a therapeutic technique such as role-playing
C. talk only about positive experiences
D. immediately put the child on the hot seat
Pg. 310
B. avoid taking sides but help them see the parents’ point of view via a therapeutic technique such as role-playing
