Assessment and Testing Flashcards
601
Appraisal can be defined as ________.
Pg. 367
the process of assessing or estimating attributes
_______ is a broad term which includes more than merely “testing clients.” It could include a survey, observations, assessments, performance, or even clinical interviews.
Pg. 367
Appraisal
A ______ is simply an instrument which measures a given sample of behavior.
Pg. 367
test
When we use the term ________ is merely connotes that a number or score has been assigned to the person’s attribute or performance.
Pg. 367
measure
________ is the study of psychological measurement and thus a helper who primarily administers and interprets tests often has the job title of psychometrician.
Pg. 368
psychometrics
An _______ counselor will always inform clients about the limitations of any test that they administer. Some evidence indicates that neophyte counselors are sometimes tempted to administer tests merely to boost their credibility.
Pg. 368
effective
602
A test can be defined as a systematic method of measuring a sample of behavior. Test format refers to the manner in which test items are presented. The format of an essay test is considered a ________ format.
Pg. 368
subjective
A _________ paradigm relies mainly on the scorer’s opinion. If the scorer knows the test taker’s attributes, the scorer’s “personal bias” can significantly impact the rating.
Pg. 368
subjective
In an “_________” test the rater’s judgement plays little or no part in the scoring process.
Pg. 368
objective
603
The NCE is an _______ test because the scoring procedure is specific.
Pg. 368
objective
604
A short answer test is a ________ test. The test taker can respond in any manner they choose to.
Pg. 369
free choice/response
Although testing is controversial, schools now employ psychoeducational tests ______ than at any time in history.
Pg. 369
more
605
The NCE and the CPCE would be examples of a _______ test.
Pg. 369
forced choice/recognition items
606
The _______ index indicates the percentage of individuals who answered each item correctly.
Pg. 370
difficulty
A 0.5 difficulty index (or difficulty value) would suggest that ______% of those tested answered the question correctly, while ______% did not.
Pg. 370
50%; 50%
Most theorists agree that a “_________” provides a wide range of items that even a poor performer will answer correctly.
Pg. 370
good measure
607
Short answer tests and projective measures utilize free response items. The NCE and the CPCE uses focused choice or so-called ________ items.
recognition
608
A true/false test has ________ recognition items.
Pg. 370
dichotomous
“________” simply means that you are presented with two opposing choices.
Pg. 370
dichotomy
When a test gives the person three or more forced choices than psychometricians call it a “__________”.
Pg. 370
multipoint item
609
A test format could be normative or ipsative. In the normative format _________.
Pg. 371
each item is independent of all other items
________ measures compare traits within the same individual; they do not compare a person to other persons who took the instrument.
Pg. 371
ipsative
610
A client who takes a normative test _________.
Pg. 371
can legitimately be compared to others who have taken the test
611
In an ipsative measure the person taking the test must compare items to one another. The result is that _________.
Pg. 372
you cannot legitimately compare two or more people who have taken an ipsative test
Since the ipsative measure does not reveal __________, comparing one person’s score to another is relatively meaningless. The person is measured in response to his or her own standard of behavior.
Pg. 372
absolute strengths
612
Tests are often classified as speed tests vs. power tests. A timed typing test used to hire secretaries would be ________.
Pg. 372
a speed test
A good timed _______ test is purposely set up to that nobody finishes it.
Pg. 372
speed
A “________” is designed to evaluate the level of mastery WITHOUT a time limit.
Pg. 372
power test
A ______ test is really a type of speed test, but a high percentage of the test takers complete it ad it is usually more difficult and has a time limit (e.g., NCE).
Pg. 372
timed
614
An achievement test measures maximum performance or present level of skill. Tests of this nature are also called attainment tests, while a personality test or interest inventory measures __________.
Pg. 373
typical performance
615
In a spiral test ________.
Pg. 374
the items get progressively more difficult
616
In a cyclical test _________.
Pg. 374
you have several sections which are spiral in nature
**in each section the questions would go from easy to more difficult.
617
A test battery is considered _________.
Pg. 374
a horizontal test
In a ________, several measures are used to produce results that could be more accurate than those derived from merely using a single source.
Pg. 374
test battery
A _______ test would have versions for various age brackets or levels of education (e.g., a math achievement test for preschoolers and a versions for middle school children. A _______ test measures various factors (e.g., math and science) during the same testing procedure.
Pg. 374
vertical; horizontal
618
In a counseling research study, two groups of subjects took a test with the same name. However, when they talked with each other they discovered that the questions were different. The researcher assured both groups that they were given the same test. How is this possible?
Pg. 375
The researcher gave parallel forms of the same test
When a test has two versions or forms that are interchangeable they are termed _________ of the same test.
Pg. 375
parallel or equivalent forms
619
The most critical factors in test selection are ________.
Pg. 375
validity and reliability
_______ refers to whether the test measures what it says it measures while ________ tells how consistent a test measures an attribute.
Pg. 375
validity; reliability
Experts nearly always consider ________ the number one factor in the constructions of a test. A test must measure what it purports to measure. ________ is the second most important concern.
Pg. 375
validity; reliability
A scale must measure body weight accurately if it is a ______ instrument. In order to be ______, it will need to give repeated readings which are nearly identical for the same person if the person keeps stepping on and off the scale.
Pg. 376
valid; reliable
There are _____ basic types of validity.
Pg. 376
five
______ validity (or rational or logical validity).
EX: An IQ test that did not sample the entire range of intelligence, just math, would have poor _______ validity.
Pg. 376
content; content
________ validity refers to a test’s ability to measure a theoretical construct like intelligence, self-esteem, artistic talent, mechanical ability, or managerial potential.
Pg. 376
construct
________ validity deals with how well the test compares to other instruments that are intended for the same purpose.
Pg. 376
concurrent
________ validity (aka empirical validity) reflects the test’s ability to predict future behavior according to established criteria.
Pg. 376
predictive
Concurrent validity and predictive validity are often lumped under the umbrella of “__________”, since concurrent validity and predictive validity are actually different types of criterion-related validity.
Pg. 376
criterion validity
________ validity simply tries to ascertain the social implications of using tests.
Pg. 376
consequential
622
A counselor peruses a testing catalog in search of a test which will repeatedly give consistent results. The counselor _________.
Pg. 377
is interested in reliability
True or False
A test can be reliable yet not valid.
Pg. 377
True
624
Construct validity refers to the extent that a test measures an abstract trait or psychological notion. An example would be _________.
Pg. 377
ego strength
Any trait you cannot “directly” measure or observe can be considered a ________.
Pg. 377
construct
In the real world physical measurements are ______ reliable than psychological ones.
Pg. 377
more
625
Face validity refers to the extent that a test ________.
Pg. 378
looks or appears to measure the intended attribute
_________ merely tells you whether the test looks like it measures the intended trait.
Pg. 378
face validity
________ validity has been used to describe the process by which a test is refined and becomes more valid as contradictory items are dropped. It also refers to a test’s ability to improve predictions when compared to existing measures that purport to facilitate selection in business or educational settings. When a test has this validity, it provides you with additional valid information that was not attainable via other procedures.
Pg. 378
incremental
_______ validity was popularized by industrial organizational psychologists who felt the procedure had merit, especially when utilized for smaller firms who did not hire large number of workers. In this validity, the helper or researcher looks for tests that have been shown to predict each job element or component.
Pg. 379
synthetic
627
A new IQ test which yielded results nearly identical to other standardized measures would be said to have _________.
Pg. 379
good concurrent validity
________ validity (aka concurrent or predictive validity) answers the question of how well your test stacks up against a well-established instrument that measures the same behavior, construct, or trait.
Pg. 379
criterion
The relationship or correlation of a test to an independent measure or trait is known as _______ validity. This validity is actually a method used to assess a test’s construct/criterion validity by correlating test scores with an outside source.
Pg. 379
convergent
_________ validity means the test will NOT reflect unrelated variables. If this validity is evident, a counselor who is genuinely qualified to sit for a state licensing exam should score higher than a student who flunked an introductory counseling course.
Pg. 380
discriminant
628
When a counselor tells a client that the GRE will predict her ability to handle graduate work, the counselor is referring to _________.
Pg. 380
predictive validity
629
A reliable test is ______ valid.
Pg. 380
not always
630
A valid test is ______ reliable.
Pg. 381
always
631
One method of testing reliability is to give the same test to the same group of people two times and then correlate the scores. This is called _________.
Pg. 381
test-retest reliability
________ refers to the ability of a test score to remain stable or fluctuate over time when the client takes the test again.
Pg. 381
stability
The ________ procedure is only valid for traits such as IQ which remain stable over time and are not altered by mood, memory, or practice effects.
Pg. 381
test-retest
632
One method of testing reliability is to give the same population alternate forms of the identical test. Each form will have the same psychometric/statistical properties as the original instrument. This is known as __________.
Pg. 381
equivalent or alternate forms reliability
633
A counselor doing research decided to split a standardized test in half by using the even items as one test and the odd items as a second test and then correlating them. The counselor __________.
Pg. 382
was testing reliability via the split-half correlation method
634
Which method of reliability testing would be useful with an essay test but not with a test of algebra problems?
Pg. 382
inter-rater/inter-observer
635
A reliability coefficient of 1.00 indicates _________.
Pg. 383
a perfect score which has no error
**this generally occurs only in physical measurement.
636
An excellent psychological or counseling test would have a reliability coefficient of _______.
Pg. 383
.90
637
A researcher working with a personality test discovers that the test has a reliability coefficient of .70 which is somewhat typical. This indicates that ________.
Pg. 383
70% of the score is accurate while 30% is inaccurate
638
A career counselor is using a test for job selection purposes. An acceptable reliability coefficient would be ________ or higher.
Pg. 384
.80
639
The same test is given to the same group of people using the test-retest reliability method. The correlation between the first and second administration is .70. The true variance (i.e., the percentage of shared variance or the level of the same thing measured in both) is _________.
Pg. 384
49%
**must square the correlation or the reliability coefficient.
.70 x .70 = .49 and .49 x 100 = 49%
This can also be known as the coefficient of determination.
640
IQ means __________.
Pg. 384
intelligence quotient
The early ration formula for the _______ score was MA (mental age) divided by CA (chronological age) x 100. This score indicated how you compared to those in your age group.
Pg. 385
Binet IQ
IQ testing has been the center of more heated debates among experts than ____________.
Pg. 385
any other type of testing
641
_________ did research and concluded that intelligence was normally distributed like height or weight and that it was primarily genetic.
Pg. 385
Francis Galton
642
Francis Galton felt intelligence was ________.
Pg. 385
a unitary faculty
_________ of England has been recognized as one of the major pioneers in the study of individual differences. He believed that exceptional mental abilities were genetic and ran in families.
Pg. 385
Francis Galton
643
J. P. Guilford isolated 120 factors which added up to intelligence. He also is remembered for his _________.
Pg. 386
thoughts on convergent and divergent thinking
_______ thinking occurs when divergent thoughts and ideas are combined into a singular concept. _______ thinking is the ability to generate a novel idea.
Pg. 386
convergent; divergent
644
A counselor is told by his supervisor to measure the internal consistency reliability (i.e., homogeneity) of a test but not to divide the test in halves. The counselor would need to utilize ________.
Pg. 386
the Kruder-Richardson coefficients of equivalence
Internal consistency or homogeneity of items is also known as “_________”.
Pg. 386
inter-item consistency
The _________ reliability/item consistency is also referred to as KR-20 or KR-21.
Pg. 386
Kruder-Richardson
_________ takes place when a researcher further examines the criterion validity of a test by administering the test to a new sample. This procedure is necessary to ensure that the original validity coefficient is applicable to others who will take the exam. It helps guard against error factors.
Pg. 387
cross-validation
In most cases a cross-validation coefficient is indeed smaller than the initial validity coefficient. This phenomenon is called “________”.
Pg. 387
shrinkage
645
The first intelligence test was created by _________.
Pg. 387
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
646
Today, the Stanford-Binet IQ test is _________.
Pg. 387
a standardized measure
647
IQ stands for intelligence quotient, which is expressed by ________.
Pg. 388
MA / CA x 100
The famous “Ratio IQ” formula was created by ________. This formula is MA / CA x 100.
Pg. 388
William Stern
Although we still use the term IQ, the Binet today actually relies on a ____________ with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 16.
Pg. 388
standard age score (SAS)
648
The Binet stressed age-related tasks. Utilizing this method, a 9-year-old task would be which:
a. only a 10-year-old child could answer
b. only an 8-year-old child could answer
c. 50% of the 9-year-olds could answer correctly
d. 75% of the 9-year-olds could answer correctly
Pg. 388
c. 50% of the 9-year-olds could answer correctly
649
Simon and Binet pioneered the first IQ test around 1905. The test was created to _________.
Pg. 389
discriminate children without an intellectual disability from children with an intellectual disability
Today the terms __________ and __________ have replaced the terminology used at the time, which carried negative connotations.
Pg. 389
intellectual disability (ID) and intellectual development disorder (IDD)
650
Today the Stanford-Binet is used from age 2 to adulthood. The IQ formula has been replaced by the _________.
Pg. 389
SAS (standard age score)
651
Most experts would agree that the Wechsler IQ tests gained popularity, as the Binet _________.
Pg. 390
didn’t seem to be the best test for adults
652
The best IQ test for a 22-year-old single male would be the _________.
Pg. 390
WAIS-IV (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale)
The WPPSI (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence) is suitable for children ages _________.
Pg. 390
2 years - 7 years & 6 months - 7 months
The WAIS-IV (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) is intended for ages _______.
Pg. 390
16-90 years
The WISC-IV (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) is intended for ages _______.
Pg. 390
6-16 years and 11 months
The WAIS-IV test is based on ___________ and the Cattell-Horn-Carroll leading theory of human intelligence.
Pg. 390
neurocognitive research;
There are 10 subject areas, and four index scores on the _______. The four index scores are
- verbal comprehensive index
- perceptual reasoning index
- working memory index
- processing speed index
Pg. 391
WAIS-IV
The WAIS-IV can measure IQ from 40-160. Since the ________ has a wider range (e.g., can measure an IQ up to 180) it would be a better instrument than the Wechsler for measuring extremely low IQs or giftedness.
Pg. 391
Stanford-Binet 5
653
The best intelligence test for a 6th grade girl would be the ________.
Pg. 391
WISC-IV (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children)
The WAIS-IV and the WISC-IV no longer provide verbal and performance IQ scores. On any test the lowest possible score is known as the “______” while the highest possible score is referred to as the “________”.
Pg. 391
floor; ceiling
654
The best intelligence test for a kindergartener would be the ________.
Pg. 392
WPPSI-IV (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence)
When a test is guided via a theory it is known as a ___________ test or inventory.
Pg. 392
theory-based
The ______ is a personality inventory based on Carl Jung’s analytic psychology.
Pg. 392
MBTI
The _____ uses dichotomous types:
extraversion vs introversion
sensing vs intuition
thinking vs feeling
judging vs perceiving
The results provide a four-letter type score such as ISFJ.
Pg. 392
MBTI
655
The mean on the Wechsler and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence scales (SB5) is ________ and the standard deviation is ________.
Pg. 392
100; 20
IQs above _____ are above average and those shy of ____ are below average.
Pg. 392
100; 100
656
Group IQ tests like the Otis-Lennon, the Lorge-Thorndike, and the California Test of Mental Abilities are popular in school settings. The advantage is that ________.
Pg. 392
group tests are quicker to administer
_______ tests are less accurate and have lower reliability.
Pg. 393
group
657
The group IQ test movement began _______.
Pg. 393
with the Army Alpha (for literates) and Army Beta (for illeterates) in WWI
658
In a culture-fair test ________.
Pg. 393
items are known to the subject regardless of their culture
Ethics now consider it unethical to administer a test to a client from a given population unless that particular test or inventory have been _______ on that specific population.
Pg. 393
normed
659
The black vs. white IQ controversy was sparked mainly by a 1969 article written by ________.
Pg. 394
Arthur Jensen
_______ claimed her invented an electronic machine to analyze neural efficiency and take place of paper and pencil IQ tests. The device relies on a computer, an EEG, a strobe light, and an electrode helmet. The theory is that the faster one processes the perception, the more intelligence they have.
Pg. 394
John Ertl
_______ is responsible for the fluid (inherited neurological that decreases with age and is not very dependent on culture) and crystallized intelligence (intelligence from experiential, cultural, and educational interaction). Crystallized intelligence is measured by tests that focus on content. Fluid intelligence is tested by what has been called “content-free reasoning” such as a block design or a pictorial analogy problem.
Pg. 394
Raymond Cattell
________ sparked tremendous controversy when he suggested in a 1969 Harvard Educational Review article that the closer people are genetically, the more alike their IQ scores. Adopted children, for example, will sport IQs closer to their biological parents than to their adopted ones. He then leveled the charge that whites scores 11 to 15 IQ points higher than African Americans. His theory stated that due to slavery it was possible that African Americans were bred for strength rather than intelligence. He estimated that heredity contributed 80%, while environment influenced 20% of the IQ.
Pg. 394
Arthur Jensen
Other researchers felt that genetic influences contributed less than ____% to IQ.
Pg. 394
50%
The African American psychologist __________ created the Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity (BITCH) to demonstrate that African Americans often excelled when given a test laden with questions whose answers would be familiar to members of the African American community. He also charged that tests like the Binet and the Wechsler were part of “scientific racism”.
Pg. 395
Robert Williams
_______, though controversial, are excellent predictors of school success in most cases since schools emphasize values that have been heavily influenced by European cultures.
Pg. 395
IQ tests
660
The MMPI-2 is ________.
Pg. 395
a standardized personality test
The _________ was first created in 1940. The current version has been used ever since 1989, and is known as a “self-report” personality inventory. The client can respond with “true”, “false”, or “cannot say” to 567 questions.
Pg. 395
MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)
The ______ was the most researcher test in history as well as the most useful for assessing emotional disturbance. It is suitable for those over age 18. A sixth-grade reading level is required and testing time varies from 60-90 mins. Wikipedia calls this test the “gold standard in personality testing”.
Pg. 395
MMPI
661
The word psychometric means ________.
Pg. 396
any form of mental testing
662
In a projective test the client is shown _________.
Pg. 396
neutral stimuli
There are several acceptable formats for projective tests:
- __________ = “What comes to mind when you look at this inkblot?”
- _________ = “Complete these sentences with real feelings.”
- _________ = drawing a person or object
Pg. 397
association; completion; construction
In order to discover __________, the client is shown vague, ambiguous stimuli such as a picture or an inkblot.
Pg. 397
hidden unconscious impulses
663
The 16 PF reflects the work of ________.
Pg. 397
Raymond Cattell
The ___________, was developed by Raymond Cattell. It is suitable for persons age 16 and over. It measures key personality factors such as assertiveness. emotional maturity, and shrewdness. This test can also be used in couples counseling.
Pg. 397
16 PF (16 Personality Factor Questionnaire)
Tests and inventories that analyze data outside of a theory are called _________ rather than theory-based tests.
Pg. 397
factor-analytic tests/inventories
664
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator reflects the work of ________.
Pg. 397
Carl Jung
________ is known for his Mental Measurements Yearbook (MMY), which was the first major publication to review available tests.
Pg. 398
Oscar Buros
665
The counselor who favors projective measures would most likely be a _________.
Pg. 398
psychodynamic clinician
666
An aptitude test is to ________ as an achievement test is to ________.
Pg. 398
potential; what has been learned
_________ is particularly important when choosing an aptitude test.
Pg. 399
Predictive validity
667
Both the Rorschach and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) are projective tests. The Rorschach uses 10 inkblot cards while the TAT uses ________.
Pg. 399
pictures
The ______ consists of 31 cards. It is intended for ages 4 and beyond, uses up to 20 cards when administered to an individual (i.e., 19 cards are selected to fit the age and sex of the client, plus one blank card). The pictures on each card are intentionally ambiguous, and the client is asked to make up a story for each one.
Pg. 399
TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)
The projective test, ___________, asks the client to complete an incomplete sentence with a real feeling.
Pg. 399
Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank (RISB)
668
Test bias primarily results from ________.
Pg. 399
a test being normed solely on white middle-class clients
The __________ is an expressive projective measure, though it is known for its ability to discern whether brain damage is evident. This test is suitable for ages 4 and beyond. The client is instructed to copy 16 geometric figures which the client can look at while constructing their drawing.
Pg. 400
Bender Visual Motor Gastalt Test (aka Bender Gestalt II)
669
A counselor who fears the client has an organic, neurological, or motoric difficult would most likely use the _______.
Pg. 400
Bender Visual Motor Gastalt Test (aka Bender Gestalt II)
670
An interest inventory would be least valid when used with _________.
Pg. 400
an eighth-grader
**interests become more stable around age 25. Interest inventories work best with individuals who are either high-school age or above.
671
One major criticism of interest inventories is that _________.
Pg. 400
they emphasize professional positions and minimize blue-collar jobs
Contrary to popular opinion, interests and abilities are not highly _________.
Pg. 400
correlated
672
Interest inventories are positive in the sense that __________.
Pg. 401
they are reliable and not threatening to the test taker
673
A counselor who had an interest primarily in testing would most likely be a member of ________.
Pg. 401
AARC (Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling)
**this is one of the 20 ACA divisions
674
The NCE is _________.
Pg. 401
an achievement test
675
The _________ are examples of aptitude tests.
Pg. 401
O*NET Ability Profiler and the MCAT
School selection tests like tha MCAT, GRE, and LSAT are assess _________.
Pg. 402
aptitude
676
One problem with interest inventories is that the person often tries to answer the questions in a socially acceptable manner. Psyschometricians call this response style phenomenon ________.
Pg. 402
social desirability (the right way to feel in society)
________ occurs when an individual purposely, or when in doubt, gives unusual responses.
Pg. 402
deviation
________ occurs when a client always agrees with something.
Pg. 402
acquiescence
677
An aptitude test predicts future behavior while an achievement test measures what you have mastered or learned. In the case of a test like the _________ the distinction is unclear.
Pg. 402
GRE
The GRE attempts to predict graduate school performance, but it also test your level of knowledge. Some exams with refer to the GRE, MAT, MCAT, SAT, etc. as “aptitude-achievement” tests.
678
Your supervisor wants you to find a new personality test for your counseling agency. You should read _________.
Pg. 403
professional journals, the Buros Mental Measurements Yearbook, classic textbooks in the field as well as test materials produced by the testing company
679
The standard error of measurement tells you _________.
Pg. 403
how accurate or inaccurate a test score is
_________ describes a phenomenon in which a person in a group puts forth less effort than if he or she were attempting to accomplish the same goal individually.
Pg. 403
social loafing
A low _________ means high reliability.
Pg. 404
standard error
680
A new IQ test has a standard error of measurement (SEM) of 3. Tom scores 106 on the test. If he takes the test a lot, we can predict that about 68% of the time ___________.
Pg. 404
Tom will score between 103 and 109
106 - 3 = 103 and 106 + 3 = 109
681
A counselor created an achievement test with a reliability coefficient of .82. The test is shortened since many clients felt it was too long. The counselor shortened the test but logically assumed that the reliability coefficient would now __________.
Pg. 404
be lower than .82
**Increasing a test’s length raises reliability. Shorten is and the opposite occurs.
682
A counselor can utilize psychological tests to help secure a _________ diagnosis if third-party payments are necessary.
Pg. 405
DSM or ICD
683
A colleague of yours invents a new projective test. Seventeen counselors rates the same client using the measure and came up with nearly identical assessments. This would indicate __________.
Pg. 405
high reliability
**also known as inter-rater reliability
684
Counselor often shy away from self-reports since ________.
Pg. 405
clients often give inaccurate answers
685
In most instances, who would be the best qualified to give the Rorschach Inkblot Test?
Pg. 406
A clinical psychologist
**typically will have the most training in projective measures
686
Your client, who is in an outpatient hospital program, is keeping a journal of irrational thoughts. This would be __________.
Pg. 406
an informal assessment technique
**self-reports, case notes, checklists, sociograms of groups, interviews, and professional staffings would all be included in this.
687
You are uncertain whether a test is intended for the population served by your agency. The best method of researching this dilemma would be to _________.
Pg. 406
read the test manual included with the test
688
Clients should know that _________.
Pg. 406
a test is merely a single source of data and not infallible
690
One future trend which seems contradictory is that some experts are pushing for __________.
Pg. 407
a greater reliance on tests while others want to rely on them less
691
Most counselors would agree that __________.
Pg. 407
more public education is needed in the area of testing
692
________ would be an informal method of appraisal.
Pg. 408
a checklist or diary
693
The WAIS-IV is given to 100,000 individuals in the U.S. who are picked at random. A counselor would expect that ________.
Pg. 408
approximately 68% would score between 85 and 115
**the mean score is 100 (i.e., the average IQ) and the standard deviation will be 15 (if question was referring to Binet’s the SD was be 16). In a normal distribution approximately 68% of the population fall between +/-1 SD of the mean. With the SD of 15 you simply subtract 15 from 100 to get the low score, and add 15 to 100 to get the high score.
694
A word association test would be an example of ________.
Pg. 409
a projective test
**projective can also be referred to as “self-expressive”
696
A good practice for counselors is to _________.
Pg. 409
never generalize on the basis of a single test score
697
You want to admit only 25% of all counselors to an advanced training program in psychodynamic group therapy. The item difficulty on the entrance exam for applicants would be best set at ________.
Pg. 410
.25
**in this case, you would ferret out the lower 75% you do not wish to admit. Item difficulty ranges from 0.0 to 1.0. The higher the index number, the greater the number of examinees who will answer the question correctly. The easier the question, the high the number.
698
According to Public Law 93-380, also known as the Buckley Amendment, a 19-year-old college student attending college __________.
Pg. 410
could view her record, which included test data
could view her daughter’s infant IQ test given at preschool
could demand a correction she discovered while reading a file
**persons over age 18 can inspect their own records and those of their children.
699
Lewis Terman ___________.
Pg. 410
Americanized the Binet
**Since Terman was associated with Stanford University the test became the Stanford-Binet
700
In constructing a test you notice that all 75 people correctly answered item number 12. This gives you an item difficulty of ________.
Pg. 411
1.0
**item difficulty index is calculated by taking the number of persons tests who answered correctly DIVIDED by the total number of persons tested. (75/75 = 1.0)
