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NCE Study > Assessment and Testing > Flashcards

Assessment and Testing Flashcards

1
Q

601

Appraisal can be defined as ________.

Pg. 367

A

the process of assessing or estimating attributes

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2
Q

_______ is a broad term which includes more than merely “testing clients.” It could include a survey, observations, assessments, performance, or even clinical interviews.

Pg. 367

A

Appraisal

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3
Q

A ______ is simply an instrument which measures a given sample of behavior.

Pg. 367

A

test

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4
Q

When we use the term ________ is merely connotes that a number or score has been assigned to the person’s attribute or performance.

Pg. 367

A

measure

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5
Q

________ is the study of psychological measurement and thus a helper who primarily administers and interprets tests often has the job title of psychometrician.

Pg. 368

A

psychometrics

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6
Q

An _______ counselor will always inform clients about the limitations of any test that they administer. Some evidence indicates that neophyte counselors are sometimes tempted to administer tests merely to boost their credibility.

Pg. 368

A

effective

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7
Q

602

A test can be defined as a systematic method of measuring a sample of behavior. Test format refers to the manner in which test items are presented. The format of an essay test is considered a ________ format.

Pg. 368

A

subjective

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8
Q

A _________ paradigm relies mainly on the scorer’s opinion. If the scorer knows the test taker’s attributes, the scorer’s “personal bias” can significantly impact the rating.

Pg. 368

A

subjective

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9
Q

In an “_________” test the rater’s judgement plays little or no part in the scoring process.

Pg. 368

A

objective

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10
Q

603

The NCE is an _______ test because the scoring procedure is specific.

Pg. 368

A

objective

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11
Q

604

A short answer test is a ________ test. The test taker can respond in any manner they choose to.

Pg. 369

A

free choice/response

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12
Q

Although testing is controversial, schools now employ psychoeducational tests ______ than at any time in history.

Pg. 369

A

more

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13
Q

605

The NCE and the CPCE would be examples of a _______ test.

Pg. 369

A

forced choice/recognition items

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14
Q

606

The _______ index indicates the percentage of individuals who answered each item correctly.

Pg. 370

A

difficulty

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15
Q

A 0.5 difficulty index (or difficulty value) would suggest that ______% of those tested answered the question correctly, while ______% did not.

Pg. 370

A

50%; 50%

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16
Q

Most theorists agree that a “_________” provides a wide range of items that even a poor performer will answer correctly.

Pg. 370

A

good measure

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17
Q

607

Short answer tests and projective measures utilize free response items. The NCE and the CPCE uses focused choice or so-called ________ items.

A

recognition

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18
Q

608

A true/false test has ________ recognition items.

Pg. 370

A

dichotomous

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19
Q

“________” simply means that you are presented with two opposing choices.

Pg. 370

A

dichotomy

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20
Q

When a test gives the person three or more forced choices than psychometricians call it a “__________”.

Pg. 370

A

multipoint item

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21
Q

609

A test format could be normative or ipsative. In the normative format _________.

Pg. 371

A

each item is independent of all other items

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22
Q

________ measures compare traits within the same individual; they do not compare a person to other persons who took the instrument.

Pg. 371

A

ipsative

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23
Q

610

A client who takes a normative test _________.

Pg. 371

A

can legitimately be compared to others who have taken the test

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24
Q

611

In an ipsative measure the person taking the test must compare items to one another. The result is that _________.

Pg. 372

A

you cannot legitimately compare two or more people who have taken an ipsative test

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25
Q

Since the ipsative measure does not reveal __________, comparing one person’s score to another is relatively meaningless. The person is measured in response to his or her own standard of behavior.

Pg. 372

A

absolute strengths

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26
Q

612

Tests are often classified as speed tests vs. power tests. A timed typing test used to hire secretaries would be ________.

Pg. 372

A

a speed test

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27
Q

A good timed _______ test is purposely set up to that nobody finishes it.

Pg. 372

A

speed

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28
Q

A “________” is designed to evaluate the level of mastery WITHOUT a time limit.

Pg. 372

A

power test

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29
Q

A ______ test is really a type of speed test, but a high percentage of the test takers complete it ad it is usually more difficult and has a time limit (e.g., NCE).

Pg. 372

A

timed

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30
Q

614

An achievement test measures maximum performance or present level of skill. Tests of this nature are also called attainment tests, while a personality test or interest inventory measures __________.

Pg. 373

A

typical performance

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31
Q

615

In a spiral test ________.

Pg. 374

A

the items get progressively more difficult

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32
Q

616

In a cyclical test _________.

Pg. 374

A

you have several sections which are spiral in nature

**in each section the questions would go from easy to more difficult.

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33
Q

617

A test battery is considered _________.

Pg. 374

A

a horizontal test

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34
Q

In a ________, several measures are used to produce results that could be more accurate than those derived from merely using a single source.

Pg. 374

A

test battery

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35
Q

A _______ test would have versions for various age brackets or levels of education (e.g., a math achievement test for preschoolers and a versions for middle school children. A _______ test measures various factors (e.g., math and science) during the same testing procedure.

Pg. 374

A

vertical; horizontal

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36
Q

618

In a counseling research study, two groups of subjects took a test with the same name. However, when they talked with each other they discovered that the questions were different. The researcher assured both groups that they were given the same test. How is this possible?

Pg. 375

A

The researcher gave parallel forms of the same test

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37
Q

When a test has two versions or forms that are interchangeable they are termed _________ of the same test.

Pg. 375

A

parallel or equivalent forms

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38
Q

619

The most critical factors in test selection are ________.

Pg. 375

A

validity and reliability

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39
Q

_______ refers to whether the test measures what it says it measures while ________ tells how consistent a test measures an attribute.

Pg. 375

A

validity; reliability

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40
Q

Experts nearly always consider ________ the number one factor in the constructions of a test. A test must measure what it purports to measure. ________ is the second most important concern.

Pg. 375

A

validity; reliability

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41
Q

A scale must measure body weight accurately if it is a ______ instrument. In order to be ______, it will need to give repeated readings which are nearly identical for the same person if the person keeps stepping on and off the scale.

Pg. 376

A

valid; reliable

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42
Q

There are _____ basic types of validity.

Pg. 376

A

five

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43
Q

______ validity (or rational or logical validity).

EX: An IQ test that did not sample the entire range of intelligence, just math, would have poor _______ validity.

Pg. 376

A

content; content

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44
Q

________ validity refers to a test’s ability to measure a theoretical construct like intelligence, self-esteem, artistic talent, mechanical ability, or managerial potential.

Pg. 376

A

construct

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45
Q

________ validity deals with how well the test compares to other instruments that are intended for the same purpose.

Pg. 376

A

concurrent

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46
Q

________ validity (aka empirical validity) reflects the test’s ability to predict future behavior according to established criteria.

Pg. 376

A

predictive

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47
Q

Concurrent validity and predictive validity are often lumped under the umbrella of “__________”, since concurrent validity and predictive validity are actually different types of criterion-related validity.

Pg. 376

A

criterion validity

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48
Q

________ validity simply tries to ascertain the social implications of using tests.

Pg. 376

A

consequential

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49
Q

622

A counselor peruses a testing catalog in search of a test which will repeatedly give consistent results. The counselor _________.

Pg. 377

A

is interested in reliability

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50
Q

True or False

A test can be reliable yet not valid.

Pg. 377

A

True

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51
Q

624

Construct validity refers to the extent that a test measures an abstract trait or psychological notion. An example would be _________.

Pg. 377

A

ego strength

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52
Q

Any trait you cannot “directly” measure or observe can be considered a ________.

Pg. 377

A

construct

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53
Q

In the real world physical measurements are ______ reliable than psychological ones.

Pg. 377

A

more

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54
Q

625

Face validity refers to the extent that a test ________.

Pg. 378

A

looks or appears to measure the intended attribute

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55
Q

_________ merely tells you whether the test looks like it measures the intended trait.

Pg. 378

A

face validity

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56
Q

________ validity has been used to describe the process by which a test is refined and becomes more valid as contradictory items are dropped. It also refers to a test’s ability to improve predictions when compared to existing measures that purport to facilitate selection in business or educational settings. When a test has this validity, it provides you with additional valid information that was not attainable via other procedures.

Pg. 378

A

incremental

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57
Q

_______ validity was popularized by industrial organizational psychologists who felt the procedure had merit, especially when utilized for smaller firms who did not hire large number of workers. In this validity, the helper or researcher looks for tests that have been shown to predict each job element or component.

Pg. 379

A

synthetic

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58
Q

627

A new IQ test which yielded results nearly identical to other standardized measures would be said to have _________.

Pg. 379

A

good concurrent validity

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59
Q

________ validity (aka concurrent or predictive validity) answers the question of how well your test stacks up against a well-established instrument that measures the same behavior, construct, or trait.

Pg. 379

A

criterion

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60
Q

The relationship or correlation of a test to an independent measure or trait is known as _______ validity. This validity is actually a method used to assess a test’s construct/criterion validity by correlating test scores with an outside source.

Pg. 379

A

convergent

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61
Q

_________ validity means the test will NOT reflect unrelated variables. If this validity is evident, a counselor who is genuinely qualified to sit for a state licensing exam should score higher than a student who flunked an introductory counseling course.

Pg. 380

A

discriminant

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62
Q

628

When a counselor tells a client that the GRE will predict her ability to handle graduate work, the counselor is referring to _________.

Pg. 380

A

predictive validity

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63
Q

629

A reliable test is ______ valid.

Pg. 380

A

not always

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64
Q

630

A valid test is ______ reliable.

Pg. 381

A

always

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65
Q

631

One method of testing reliability is to give the same test to the same group of people two times and then correlate the scores. This is called _________.

Pg. 381

A

test-retest reliability

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66
Q

________ refers to the ability of a test score to remain stable or fluctuate over time when the client takes the test again.

Pg. 381

A

stability

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67
Q

The ________ procedure is only valid for traits such as IQ which remain stable over time and are not altered by mood, memory, or practice effects.

Pg. 381

A

test-retest

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68
Q

632

One method of testing reliability is to give the same population alternate forms of the identical test. Each form will have the same psychometric/statistical properties as the original instrument. This is known as __________.

Pg. 381

A

equivalent or alternate forms reliability

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69
Q

633

A counselor doing research decided to split a standardized test in half by using the even items as one test and the odd items as a second test and then correlating them. The counselor __________.

Pg. 382

A

was testing reliability via the split-half correlation method

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70
Q

634

Which method of reliability testing would be useful with an essay test but not with a test of algebra problems?

Pg. 382

A

inter-rater/inter-observer

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71
Q

635

A reliability coefficient of 1.00 indicates _________.

Pg. 383

A

a perfect score which has no error

**this generally occurs only in physical measurement.

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72
Q

636

An excellent psychological or counseling test would have a reliability coefficient of _______.

Pg. 383

A

.90

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73
Q

637

A researcher working with a personality test discovers that the test has a reliability coefficient of .70 which is somewhat typical. This indicates that ________.

Pg. 383

A

70% of the score is accurate while 30% is inaccurate

74
Q

638

A career counselor is using a test for job selection purposes. An acceptable reliability coefficient would be ________ or higher.

Pg. 384

A

.80

75
Q

639

The same test is given to the same group of people using the test-retest reliability method. The correlation between the first and second administration is .70. The true variance (i.e., the percentage of shared variance or the level of the same thing measured in both) is _________.

Pg. 384

A

49%

**must square the correlation or the reliability coefficient.
.70 x .70 = .49 and .49 x 100 = 49%

This can also be known as the coefficient of determination.

76
Q

640

IQ means __________.

Pg. 384

A

intelligence quotient

77
Q

The early ration formula for the _______ score was MA (mental age) divided by CA (chronological age) x 100. This score indicated how you compared to those in your age group.

Pg. 385

A

Binet IQ

78
Q

IQ testing has been the center of more heated debates among experts than ____________.

Pg. 385

A

any other type of testing

79
Q

641

_________ did research and concluded that intelligence was normally distributed like height or weight and that it was primarily genetic.

Pg. 385

A

Francis Galton

80
Q

642

Francis Galton felt intelligence was ________.

Pg. 385

A

a unitary faculty

81
Q

_________ of England has been recognized as one of the major pioneers in the study of individual differences. He believed that exceptional mental abilities were genetic and ran in families.

Pg. 385

A

Francis Galton

82
Q

643

J. P. Guilford isolated 120 factors which added up to intelligence. He also is remembered for his _________.

Pg. 386

A

thoughts on convergent and divergent thinking

83
Q

_______ thinking occurs when divergent thoughts and ideas are combined into a singular concept. _______ thinking is the ability to generate a novel idea.

Pg. 386

A

convergent; divergent

84
Q

644

A counselor is told by his supervisor to measure the internal consistency reliability (i.e., homogeneity) of a test but not to divide the test in halves. The counselor would need to utilize ________.

Pg. 386

A

the Kruder-Richardson coefficients of equivalence

85
Q

Internal consistency or homogeneity of items is also known as “_________”.

Pg. 386

A

inter-item consistency

86
Q

The _________ reliability/item consistency is also referred to as KR-20 or KR-21.

Pg. 386

A

Kruder-Richardson

87
Q

_________ takes place when a researcher further examines the criterion validity of a test by administering the test to a new sample. This procedure is necessary to ensure that the original validity coefficient is applicable to others who will take the exam. It helps guard against error factors.

Pg. 387

A

cross-validation

88
Q

In most cases a cross-validation coefficient is indeed smaller than the initial validity coefficient. This phenomenon is called “________”.

Pg. 387

A

shrinkage

89
Q

645

The first intelligence test was created by _________.

Pg. 387

A

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon

90
Q

646

Today, the Stanford-Binet IQ test is _________.

Pg. 387

A

a standardized measure

91
Q

647

IQ stands for intelligence quotient, which is expressed by ________.

Pg. 388

A

MA / CA x 100

92
Q

The famous “Ratio IQ” formula was created by ________. This formula is MA / CA x 100.

Pg. 388

A

William Stern

93
Q

Although we still use the term IQ, the Binet today actually relies on a ____________ with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 16.

Pg. 388

A

standard age score (SAS)

94
Q

648

The Binet stressed age-related tasks. Utilizing this method, a 9-year-old task would be which:

a. only a 10-year-old child could answer
b. only an 8-year-old child could answer
c. 50% of the 9-year-olds could answer correctly
d. 75% of the 9-year-olds could answer correctly

Pg. 388

A

c. 50% of the 9-year-olds could answer correctly

95
Q

649

Simon and Binet pioneered the first IQ test around 1905. The test was created to _________.

Pg. 389

A

discriminate children without an intellectual disability from children with an intellectual disability

96
Q

Today the terms __________ and __________ have replaced the terminology used at the time, which carried negative connotations.

Pg. 389

A

intellectual disability (ID) and intellectual development disorder (IDD)

97
Q

650

Today the Stanford-Binet is used from age 2 to adulthood. The IQ formula has been replaced by the _________.

Pg. 389

A

SAS (standard age score)

98
Q

651

Most experts would agree that the Wechsler IQ tests gained popularity, as the Binet _________.

Pg. 390

A

didn’t seem to be the best test for adults

99
Q

652

The best IQ test for a 22-year-old single male would be the _________.

Pg. 390

A

WAIS-IV (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale)

100
Q

The WPPSI (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence) is suitable for children ages _________.

Pg. 390

A

2 years - 7 years & 6 months - 7 months

101
Q

The WAIS-IV (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) is intended for ages _______.

Pg. 390

A

16-90 years

102
Q

The WISC-IV (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) is intended for ages _______.

Pg. 390

A

6-16 years and 11 months

103
Q

The WAIS-IV test is based on ___________ and the Cattell-Horn-Carroll leading theory of human intelligence.

Pg. 390

A

neurocognitive research;

104
Q

There are 10 subject areas, and four index scores on the _______. The four index scores are

  1. verbal comprehensive index
  2. perceptual reasoning index
  3. working memory index
  4. processing speed index

Pg. 391

A

WAIS-IV

105
Q

The WAIS-IV can measure IQ from 40-160. Since the ________ has a wider range (e.g., can measure an IQ up to 180) it would be a better instrument than the Wechsler for measuring extremely low IQs or giftedness.

Pg. 391

A

Stanford-Binet 5

106
Q

653

The best intelligence test for a 6th grade girl would be the ________.

Pg. 391

A

WISC-IV (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children)

107
Q

The WAIS-IV and the WISC-IV no longer provide verbal and performance IQ scores. On any test the lowest possible score is known as the “______” while the highest possible score is referred to as the “________”.

Pg. 391

A

floor; ceiling

108
Q

654

The best intelligence test for a kindergartener would be the ________.

Pg. 392

A

WPPSI-IV (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence)

109
Q

When a test is guided via a theory it is known as a ___________ test or inventory.

Pg. 392

A

theory-based

110
Q

The ______ is a personality inventory based on Carl Jung’s analytic psychology.

Pg. 392

A

MBTI

111
Q

The _____ uses dichotomous types:

extraversion vs introversion
sensing vs intuition
thinking vs feeling
judging vs perceiving

The results provide a four-letter type score such as ISFJ.

Pg. 392

A

MBTI

112
Q

655

The mean on the Wechsler and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence scales (SB5) is ________ and the standard deviation is ________.

Pg. 392

A

100; 20

113
Q

IQs above _____ are above average and those shy of ____ are below average.

Pg. 392

A

100; 100

114
Q

656

Group IQ tests like the Otis-Lennon, the Lorge-Thorndike, and the California Test of Mental Abilities are popular in school settings. The advantage is that ________.

Pg. 392

A

group tests are quicker to administer

115
Q

_______ tests are less accurate and have lower reliability.

Pg. 393

A

group

116
Q

657

The group IQ test movement began _______.

Pg. 393

A

with the Army Alpha (for literates) and Army Beta (for illeterates) in WWI

117
Q

658

In a culture-fair test ________.

Pg. 393

A

items are known to the subject regardless of their culture

118
Q

Ethics now consider it unethical to administer a test to a client from a given population unless that particular test or inventory have been _______ on that specific population.

Pg. 393

A

normed

119
Q

659

The black vs. white IQ controversy was sparked mainly by a 1969 article written by ________.

Pg. 394

A

Arthur Jensen

120
Q

_______ claimed her invented an electronic machine to analyze neural efficiency and take place of paper and pencil IQ tests. The device relies on a computer, an EEG, a strobe light, and an electrode helmet. The theory is that the faster one processes the perception, the more intelligence they have.

Pg. 394

A

John Ertl

121
Q

_______ is responsible for the fluid (inherited neurological that decreases with age and is not very dependent on culture) and crystallized intelligence (intelligence from experiential, cultural, and educational interaction). Crystallized intelligence is measured by tests that focus on content. Fluid intelligence is tested by what has been called “content-free reasoning” such as a block design or a pictorial analogy problem.

Pg. 394

A

Raymond Cattell

122
Q

________ sparked tremendous controversy when he suggested in a 1969 Harvard Educational Review article that the closer people are genetically, the more alike their IQ scores. Adopted children, for example, will sport IQs closer to their biological parents than to their adopted ones. He then leveled the charge that whites scores 11 to 15 IQ points higher than African Americans. His theory stated that due to slavery it was possible that African Americans were bred for strength rather than intelligence. He estimated that heredity contributed 80%, while environment influenced 20% of the IQ.

Pg. 394

A

Arthur Jensen

123
Q

Other researchers felt that genetic influences contributed less than ____% to IQ.

Pg. 394

A

50%

124
Q

The African American psychologist __________ created the Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity (BITCH) to demonstrate that African Americans often excelled when given a test laden with questions whose answers would be familiar to members of the African American community. He also charged that tests like the Binet and the Wechsler were part of “scientific racism”.

Pg. 395

A

Robert Williams

125
Q

_______, though controversial, are excellent predictors of school success in most cases since schools emphasize values that have been heavily influenced by European cultures.

Pg. 395

A

IQ tests

126
Q

660

The MMPI-2 is ________.

Pg. 395

A

a standardized personality test

127
Q

The _________ was first created in 1940. The current version has been used ever since 1989, and is known as a “self-report” personality inventory. The client can respond with “true”, “false”, or “cannot say” to 567 questions.

Pg. 395

A

MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)

128
Q

The ______ was the most researcher test in history as well as the most useful for assessing emotional disturbance. It is suitable for those over age 18. A sixth-grade reading level is required and testing time varies from 60-90 mins. Wikipedia calls this test the “gold standard in personality testing”.

Pg. 395

A

MMPI

129
Q

661

The word psychometric means ________.

Pg. 396

A

any form of mental testing

130
Q

662

In a projective test the client is shown _________.

Pg. 396

A

neutral stimuli

131
Q

There are several acceptable formats for projective tests:

  1. __________ = “What comes to mind when you look at this inkblot?”
  2. _________ = “Complete these sentences with real feelings.”
  3. _________ = drawing a person or object

Pg. 397

A

association; completion; construction

132
Q

In order to discover __________, the client is shown vague, ambiguous stimuli such as a picture or an inkblot.

Pg. 397

A

hidden unconscious impulses

133
Q

663

The 16 PF reflects the work of ________.

Pg. 397

A

Raymond Cattell

134
Q

The ___________, was developed by Raymond Cattell. It is suitable for persons age 16 and over. It measures key personality factors such as assertiveness. emotional maturity, and shrewdness. This test can also be used in couples counseling.

Pg. 397

A

16 PF (16 Personality Factor Questionnaire)

135
Q

Tests and inventories that analyze data outside of a theory are called _________ rather than theory-based tests.

Pg. 397

A

factor-analytic tests/inventories

136
Q

664

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator reflects the work of ________.

Pg. 397

A

Carl Jung

137
Q

________ is known for his Mental Measurements Yearbook (MMY), which was the first major publication to review available tests.

Pg. 398

A

Oscar Buros

138
Q

665

The counselor who favors projective measures would most likely be a _________.

Pg. 398

A

psychodynamic clinician

139
Q

666

An aptitude test is to ________ as an achievement test is to ________.

Pg. 398

A

potential; what has been learned

140
Q

_________ is particularly important when choosing an aptitude test.

Pg. 399

A

Predictive validity

141
Q

667

Both the Rorschach and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) are projective tests. The Rorschach uses 10 inkblot cards while the TAT uses ________.

Pg. 399

A

pictures

142
Q

The ______ consists of 31 cards. It is intended for ages 4 and beyond, uses up to 20 cards when administered to an individual (i.e., 19 cards are selected to fit the age and sex of the client, plus one blank card). The pictures on each card are intentionally ambiguous, and the client is asked to make up a story for each one.

Pg. 399

A

TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)

143
Q

The projective test, ___________, asks the client to complete an incomplete sentence with a real feeling.

Pg. 399

A

Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank (RISB)

144
Q

668

Test bias primarily results from ________.

Pg. 399

A

a test being normed solely on white middle-class clients

145
Q

The __________ is an expressive projective measure, though it is known for its ability to discern whether brain damage is evident. This test is suitable for ages 4 and beyond. The client is instructed to copy 16 geometric figures which the client can look at while constructing their drawing.

Pg. 400

A

Bender Visual Motor Gastalt Test (aka Bender Gestalt II)

146
Q

669

A counselor who fears the client has an organic, neurological, or motoric difficult would most likely use the _______.

Pg. 400

A

Bender Visual Motor Gastalt Test (aka Bender Gestalt II)

147
Q

670

An interest inventory would be least valid when used with _________.

Pg. 400

A

an eighth-grader

**interests become more stable around age 25. Interest inventories work best with individuals who are either high-school age or above.

148
Q

671

One major criticism of interest inventories is that _________.

Pg. 400

A

they emphasize professional positions and minimize blue-collar jobs

149
Q

Contrary to popular opinion, interests and abilities are not highly _________.

Pg. 400

A

correlated

150
Q

672

Interest inventories are positive in the sense that __________.

Pg. 401

A

they are reliable and not threatening to the test taker

151
Q

673

A counselor who had an interest primarily in testing would most likely be a member of ________.

Pg. 401

A

AARC (Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling)

**this is one of the 20 ACA divisions

152
Q

674

The NCE is _________.

Pg. 401

A

an achievement test

153
Q

675

The _________ are examples of aptitude tests.

Pg. 401

A

O*NET Ability Profiler and the MCAT

154
Q

School selection tests like tha MCAT, GRE, and LSAT are assess _________.

Pg. 402

A

aptitude

155
Q

676

One problem with interest inventories is that the person often tries to answer the questions in a socially acceptable manner. Psyschometricians call this response style phenomenon ________.

Pg. 402

A

social desirability (the right way to feel in society)

156
Q

________ occurs when an individual purposely, or when in doubt, gives unusual responses.

Pg. 402

A

deviation

157
Q

________ occurs when a client always agrees with something.

Pg. 402

A

acquiescence

158
Q

677

An aptitude test predicts future behavior while an achievement test measures what you have mastered or learned. In the case of a test like the _________ the distinction is unclear.

Pg. 402

A

GRE

The GRE attempts to predict graduate school performance, but it also test your level of knowledge. Some exams with refer to the GRE, MAT, MCAT, SAT, etc. as “aptitude-achievement” tests.

159
Q

678

Your supervisor wants you to find a new personality test for your counseling agency. You should read _________.

Pg. 403

A

professional journals, the Buros Mental Measurements Yearbook, classic textbooks in the field as well as test materials produced by the testing company

160
Q

679

The standard error of measurement tells you _________.

Pg. 403

A

how accurate or inaccurate a test score is

161
Q

_________ describes a phenomenon in which a person in a group puts forth less effort than if he or she were attempting to accomplish the same goal individually.

Pg. 403

A

social loafing

162
Q

A low _________ means high reliability.

Pg. 404

A

standard error

163
Q

680

A new IQ test has a standard error of measurement (SEM) of 3. Tom scores 106 on the test. If he takes the test a lot, we can predict that about 68% of the time ___________.

Pg. 404

A

Tom will score between 103 and 109

106 - 3 = 103 and 106 + 3 = 109

164
Q

681

A counselor created an achievement test with a reliability coefficient of .82. The test is shortened since many clients felt it was too long. The counselor shortened the test but logically assumed that the reliability coefficient would now __________.

Pg. 404

A

be lower than .82

**Increasing a test’s length raises reliability. Shorten is and the opposite occurs.

165
Q

682

A counselor can utilize psychological tests to help secure a _________ diagnosis if third-party payments are necessary.

Pg. 405

A

DSM or ICD

166
Q

683

A colleague of yours invents a new projective test. Seventeen counselors rates the same client using the measure and came up with nearly identical assessments. This would indicate __________.

Pg. 405

A

high reliability

**also known as inter-rater reliability

167
Q

684

Counselor often shy away from self-reports since ________.

Pg. 405

A

clients often give inaccurate answers

168
Q

685

In most instances, who would be the best qualified to give the Rorschach Inkblot Test?

Pg. 406

A

A clinical psychologist

**typically will have the most training in projective measures

169
Q

686

Your client, who is in an outpatient hospital program, is keeping a journal of irrational thoughts. This would be __________.

Pg. 406

A

an informal assessment technique

**self-reports, case notes, checklists, sociograms of groups, interviews, and professional staffings would all be included in this.

170
Q

687

You are uncertain whether a test is intended for the population served by your agency. The best method of researching this dilemma would be to _________.

Pg. 406

A

read the test manual included with the test

171
Q

688

Clients should know that _________.

Pg. 406

A

a test is merely a single source of data and not infallible

172
Q

690

One future trend which seems contradictory is that some experts are pushing for __________.

Pg. 407

A

a greater reliance on tests while others want to rely on them less

173
Q

691

Most counselors would agree that __________.

Pg. 407

A

more public education is needed in the area of testing

174
Q

692

________ would be an informal method of appraisal.

Pg. 408

A

a checklist or diary

175
Q

693

The WAIS-IV is given to 100,000 individuals in the U.S. who are picked at random. A counselor would expect that ________.

Pg. 408

A

approximately 68% would score between 85 and 115

**the mean score is 100 (i.e., the average IQ) and the standard deviation will be 15 (if question was referring to Binet’s the SD was be 16). In a normal distribution approximately 68% of the population fall between +/-1 SD of the mean. With the SD of 15 you simply subtract 15 from 100 to get the low score, and add 15 to 100 to get the high score.

176
Q

694

A word association test would be an example of ________.

Pg. 409

A

a projective test

**projective can also be referred to as “self-expressive”

177
Q

696

A good practice for counselors is to _________.

Pg. 409

A

never generalize on the basis of a single test score

178
Q

697

You want to admit only 25% of all counselors to an advanced training program in psychodynamic group therapy. The item difficulty on the entrance exam for applicants would be best set at ________.

Pg. 410

A

.25

**in this case, you would ferret out the lower 75% you do not wish to admit. Item difficulty ranges from 0.0 to 1.0. The higher the index number, the greater the number of examinees who will answer the question correctly. The easier the question, the high the number.

179
Q

698

According to Public Law 93-380, also known as the Buckley Amendment, a 19-year-old college student attending college __________.

Pg. 410

A

could view her record, which included test data
could view her daughter’s infant IQ test given at preschool
could demand a correction she discovered while reading a file

**persons over age 18 can inspect their own records and those of their children.

180
Q

699

Lewis Terman ___________.

Pg. 410

A

Americanized the Binet

**Since Terman was associated with Stanford University the test became the Stanford-Binet

181
Q

700

In constructing a test you notice that all 75 people correctly answered item number 12. This gives you an item difficulty of ________.

Pg. 411

A

1.0

**item difficulty index is calculated by taking the number of persons tests who answered correctly DIVIDED by the total number of persons tested. (75/75 = 1.0)

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