production techniques and systems Flashcards
Production techniques
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standardised design and components
the same component or modular system are used across many designs/products
pros of standardised design
consistent quality, speeds up manufacturing/development, cheaper
cons of standardised design
quality of the product may suffer, difficult to customise
just in time manufacture (JIT)
computers control stock so parts arrive just as they are needed and go straight to the production line
pros of JIT
can increase efficiency, enables production runs to change to meet demands, less storage space needed = cheaper
cons of JIT
any break in the supply stops production, less bulk buying discounts, cost of more deliveries
lean manufacturing
reducing the waste in design, manufacturing, distribution, and customer services
pros of lean manufacturing
multi skilled teams are each responsible for part of the production process, can improve efficiency as workers share their skills and expertise
cons of lean manufacturing
requires time consuming data analysis, requires disruptive changes to existing processes
production techniques
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continuous production
manufacturing of identical high demand products 24hrs a day
pros of continuous production
removes the cost of stopping and starting production lines, materials can be cheaper with bulk buying discounts
cons of continuous production
automation leads to staff redundancy, high start up costs, low flexibility in changing product design, a fault in production stops the whole process
mass production
efficiently and consistently producing many products at a low cost per unit
pros of mass production
materials are cheaper in high quantaties
cons of mass production
initial set up costs are high, if production lines break manufacture is stopped, repetitive
batch production
a set number of products are produced in limited quantities for a limited time
jig
a jig can be put over a piece of work and guide a drill or saw to cut in the right place. it is a quick and accurate way to make cuts or holes in the right place
fixtures
a fixture holds a piece of work in place while it is being cut, speeds up the process but many may be required increasing cost
template
is a cut out shape that you draw around to mark out a shape you want to cut from a material still allows for human error with cutting
pattern
is similar to a template but is referred to as a collection of templates so a pattern may include many templates to make the whole product. patterns can lead to accurate replicas but needs and accurate template which is expensive
pros of batch production
could lower capital costs, reduces storage space required as less material needed per run which also reduces ties in stocks if the product is no longer selling, the product can be changed easily so can keep workers employed and machinery being used.
cons of batch production
downtime in manufacture when changing production lines
