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A Level DT > material properties > Flashcards

material properties Flashcards

1
Q

mechanical property

A

elements of a material that resist deformation

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2
Q

toughness

A

the ability to withstand sudden stress or force

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3
Q

strength

A

the ability to withstand force such as tension compression and shear force

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4
Q

hardness

A

the ability to withstand indentation, deformation or penetration when subjected to a force

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5
Q

elasticity

A

the ability for a material to be deformed and then return back to its original shape

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6
Q

plasticity

A

the ability to permanently deform without breaking

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7
Q

malleability

A

the ability to permanently deform in any direction without breaking

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8
Q

ductility

A

the ability to be drawn out or twisted without breaking

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9
Q

durability

A

the ability to withstand deterioration over time

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10
Q

stability

A

the ability to withstand changes over time

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11
Q

stiffness

A

the ability for a material to resist deformation under its own weight

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12
Q

physical properties

A

elements of a material that can be measured

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13
Q

density

A

how compact the material is
-mass per unit volume

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14
Q

conductivity

A

the ability to conduct heat or electricity

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15
Q

size

A

the dimensions of the material

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16
Q

aesthetics

A

the appearance of the material

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17
Q

optical

A

the ability to absorb or reflect light

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18
Q

joining

A

the ability for the material to be joined with other materials

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19
Q

magnetism

A

attraction to magnetic material

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20
Q

papers

A

-

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21
Q

what gsm makes it a board

A

paper weighing more than 220gsm is a board, these are then measured in thickness not weight. a micron is 1/1000th of a millimetre

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22
Q

copier paper

A

80 gsm
pros - cheap, lightweight, good printability
cons - some mediums smudge more

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23
Q

cartridge paper

A

120-150 gsm
pros - stiff, good for accepting mediums, good printability
cons - expensive

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24
Q

tracing paper

A

60-90 gsm
made by beating the air from the paper to make it translucent
pros - allows you to copy images underneath, strong
cons - quite expensive, not good printability as it is prone to smudging

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25
Q

layout paper

A

50 gsm
pros - translucent so can be used to trace, accepts most media

cons - quite expensive

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26
Q

bond paper

A

> 50 gsm
used for industrial use
pros - stronger than copier, durable, high quality surface, cheap

cons - has a water mark

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27
Q

coated paper

A

70-300 gsm

pros - coated with clay to make a smooth surface, range of finishes eg. matte/gloss

cons - relatively expensive

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28
Q

boards

A

-

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29
Q

folding boxboard

A

bleached white outer layer - unbleached yellowy middle layer - bleached inner layer
Pros - excellent for scoring, accepts print well
Cons - not as strong as solid white board

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30
Q

corrugated board

A

2 or more layers of fluted paper between two paper liners
Pros - impacts resistant, cheap
Cons - looks cheap, not water resistant, deforms under pressure

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31
Q

solid white board

A

thick layer of pure bleached wood pulp
Pros - strong, rigid, accepts print well
Cons - expensive

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32
Q

mounting board

A

1000-1500 microns
thick board with only one side having a colour

pros - thick, high quality, strong, rigid

cons - expensive

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33
Q

foil lined board

A

laminated with foil

pros - strong, retains heat, excellent moisture barrier

cons - expensive

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34
Q

METALS

A

-

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35
Q

ferrous

A

contain iron

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36
Q

mild steel

A

iron and 1-3% carbon - melts at 1400 c

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37
Q

properties of mild steel

A

tough, ductile, malleable, magnetic, poor corrosion resistance, easily joined

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38
Q

stainless steel

A

steel, 10.5-18% chromium, 8% nickel and 8% manganese - melts at 1400 c

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39
Q

properties of stainless steel

A

corrosion resistant, hard, tough

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40
Q

cast iron

A

iron 2-6% carbon - melts 1200 c

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41
Q

properties of cast iron

A

hard skin, soft core, brittle, corrosion resistant

42
Q

non-ferrous

A

don’t contain iron

43
Q

aluminium

A

pure metal - melt at 600 c

44
Q

properties of aluminium

A

malleable, corrosion resistant, ductile, easily machined, good strength to weight ratio

45
Q

copper

A

pure metal - 1100 c

46
Q

properties of copper

A

ductile, malleable, dense, good conductor, corrosion resistant, tough, easily machined

47
Q

brass

A

65% copper 35% zinc - melts at 900/940 degrees

48
Q

properties of brass

A

harder than copper, easily machined, easily casted, corrosion resistant

49
Q

PLASTICS

A

-

50
Q

thermoforming

A

once set if heated they can be reformed because there are less links in the chain to be broken

51
Q

low density polyethelene

A

flexible, tough, excellent chemical resistance

52
Q

high density polyethelene

A

higher strength to weight ratio than LDPE and harder

53
Q

polypropelene

A

tough, flexible, excellent fatigue resistance so wont break when bent

54
Q

ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)

A

hard, tough, high PH resistance

55
Q

PVC

A

can be rigid or flexible if plasticiser is added

56
Q

acrylic (polymethylmethacrylate, or PMMA)

A

easily scratched, brittle, food safe, easily cleaned

57
Q

HIP’s (high impact polystyrene)

A

stiff, lightweight, tough/impact resistant, easily scratched, brittle in UV

58
Q

biopol

A

lightweight, insulator, degrades over time, can be injection moulded and vacuum formed

59
Q

Thermosetting

A

once set cant be reheated and reformed because there are too many links in the polymer chains that they burn before the links are broken

60
Q

polyester resin (araldite)

A

rigid, brittle, chemical resistant, excellent bonding agent

61
Q

urea formaldehyde

A

rigid, hard, good electrical insulation, glossy

62
Q

epoxy resin

A

clear, hard, tough, chemical resistance, good joinability, must be mixed with a catalyst to harden

63
Q

FABRIC

A

-

64
Q

plain weave (calico)

A

warp and weft are 90 degrees from each other creating a criss-cross pattern

65
Q

properties of plain weave

A

stiff, good printability, hardwearing, strong, cheap to produce

66
Q

twill weave (denim)

A

each weft goes over two or more warp and then only goes over one to make a diagonal pattern

67
Q

properties of twill weave

A

thick, hangs well, frays, more interesting to look at than plain weave

68
Q

smart material

A

a material that changes due to stimuli in the external environment such as heat, light electricity, pressure etc.

69
Q

modern material

A

don’t occur naturally but are existing materials that have been altered to improve their properties

70
Q

composite materials

A

made from a reinforcing material and a bonding agent called a matrix

71
Q

WOODS

A

-

72
Q

hardwoods

A

often deciduous tress that lose their leaves and take up to 100 years to grow

73
Q

oak

A

strong, durable, attractive aesthetics, finishes well.
expensive, hard to work with, corrodes steel and iron

74
Q

mahogs

A

dark red/brown in appearance
attractive finish, easy to work.
expensive, hard to sustainably source, oils cause skin and breathing problems

75
Q

beech

A

tough, doesn’t crack or splinter because it is very stable, hard, expensive, not moisture resistant

76
Q

balsa

A

light, easy to work.
weak, soft

77
Q

jelutong

A

close even grain, easy to cut and shape.
soft and not strong so mainly used for models and moulds

78
Q

birch

A

regular even grain, easy to work.
low resistance to insects and rot
used to make plywood

79
Q

ash

A

strong, tough, flexible, finishes well.
low resistance to insects and rot
used for steam bending

80
Q

softwoods

A

usually coniferous and take up to 25 years to grow

81
Q

pine

A

yellowy in colour
very durable, easy to work, reasonably strong but light weight, relatively cheap.
can warp and crack and is prone to splintering

82
Q

cedar

A

natural oils make it resistant to water and fungal growth
more expensive than pine and isn’t as strong

83
Q

larch

A

orange colour and fades to silvery grey
tough, durable, and water resistant.
costs more than other softwoods

84
Q

Wool

A

Pros - warm, absorbent, breathable, durable
Cons - dries slowly, can feel itchy, washes poorly, prone to insect attack

85
Q

Cotton

A

Pros - cool, absorbent, soft, durable
Cons - creases easily, burns, slow drying, shrinks

86
Q

Polyester

A

Pros - strong when wet or dry, dries quick, soft, hangs well
Cons - damaged by acids, low warmth, does not breath, not eco friendly

87
Q

Acrylic fibres

A

Pros - warm, dries quick, drapes well, durable
Cons - poor absorbency, feels stiff, can irritate skin

88
Q

Plain weave calico

A

Simple cotton cloth, warp and weft criss cross
Pros - strong, hardwearing, cheap to make, good background for printing
Cons - quality can vary

89
Q

Twill weave (denim)

A

The weft goes over two or more warp threads to make a diagonal pattern. Denim is blue in the warp and white in the weft
Pros - hardwearing, strong, less stiff, hangs well.
Cons - frays, thickness makes it hard to use

90
Q

Felted fabric

A

Wet wool fibres are rubbed to tangle them together and then bonded with heat and pressure
Pros - resists chemicals and fire, doesn’t fray, excellent sound insulation, eco friendly.
Cons - expensive, doesn’t drape, deforms when wet.

91
Q

Bonded fibres

A

Fabric is bonded together by chemical mechanical heat or solvents.
Pros - doesn’t fray, cheap to produce, retains shape
Cons - not strong, weaker when wet, doesn’t drape

92
Q

Warp knitted fabric

A

Formed by vertical loops like a series of chains, can only be made by machine
Pros - stretchy, retains heat, doesn’t unravel
Cons - can lose shape, curls at the edges

93
Q

Weft knitted fabric

A

A single yarn creates interlocking loops across the fabric, if a loop breaks a hole forms and ladders. Can be hand or machine made
Pros - stretchy, comfortable, fast to make
Cons - ladders easily

94
Q

Chip board

A

Wood chips are mixed with glue

Pros - uses waste material

Cons - looks ugly, glue destroys saw blades and tools, surface is very rough, not strong as there is no grain

95
Q

Plywood

A

Tree trunk is cut into veneers these are layered at different angles and glued while supplying heat and pressure to bond

Pros - flat, structurally strong as fibres going in both directions, looks nice as natural grain, resistant to warping cracking and twisting

Cons - quite expensive, can deform when wet, edges look rough

96
Q

MDF

A

Wood dust and fibres are glued together and pressed into flat sheets

Pros - uses waste material such as saw dust, cheap, smooth surface with no grain good for finishes, easy to machine

Cons - weak when wet, looks cheap, glue clogs up machinery, no structural integrity

97
Q

Grp

A

Glass reinforced plastic
Boat hulls and flooring

Pros - easily formed, sand able smooth, colour can be added

Cons - fibres cause respiratory problems so requires ppe

98
Q

Cfrp

A

Carbon fibre reinforced plastic
Plastic with free or woven carbon sheets
Propellers, body armour

Pros - easily formed, sand able smooth, colour can be added, excellent strength to weight ratio

Cons - fibres cause respiratory problems so ppe is required

99
Q

Reinforced polymers

A

Resins are combined with cotton fabrics to make inflammable laminated plastics
Gears and bearings and timber substitute for outside

Pros - strong, tough, insulator, lightweight

Cons - can be expensive

100
Q

Concrete

A

Cement, aggregate, sand and water and can also have rebar

Pros - compressive strength, can last 100 years, rebar increases tensile strength

Cons - low tensile/ shear strength, steel corrosion damage, fire and freezing damage

101
Q

Glulam

A

Laminated wood glued together
Construction beams

Pros - lighter than steel or concrete, span larger gaps than solid beams, can be curved to shape

Cons - requires treatment to be used

102
Q
A

A Level DT (19 decks)

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