PROCESSING AFFECT 2 Flashcards
WHAT DOES A HUMAN NEST PROVIDE?
Soothing, breastfeeding, affectionate touch, responsively, free play, social embeddedness.
MURRAY 1996
Child temperament is a prediction for development of depression in parent, if the child is difficult, the job of a mother is harder and can cause anxiety and depression.
FELDMAN AND EIDELMAN 2004
There is lower synchrony in pre-term or triplets
PERCENTAGE OF PEOPLE DEPRESSION AFFECTS
50% prior to delivery
13-20% of mothers and 10% of fathers.
HOW LONG DOES POST PARTUM DEPRESSION LAST?
Can last up to a year or more, once diagnosed more likely to be diagnosed again.
COMPARISON OF DEPRESSED MOTHERS AGAIN NON DEPRESSED
Depressed mothers put baby in the wrong sleeping position, breastfeeding is lower in depressed. Reduced odds for showing a book, playing and talking and following routines.
CHARACTERISTICS OF DEPRESSED PARENTS:
More hostile, controlling and critical. Less vocal, less play and joint attention, anxiety, few reflections and suggestion. Depressed fathers DO NOT buffer effects.
LAUREN AND ABLOW 2012
Depressed and non depressed mothers listened to 3 sounds; infant crying, own infant crying or a control sound. Ventral Striatum activity was monitored.
Non-depressed mothers showed high activity compared to depressed in own infant. No differences in the other conditions.
GRANAT 2017
Study of maternal depression and synchrony. Measured oxytocin levels. Depressed mothers took longer for gaze synchrony to happen and also touch synchrony.
Mothers with anxiety tend to pay too much attention to the baby
GAZE FOR DEPRESSED MOTHERS:
Depressed mothers break the gaze within 1-2s so synchrony doesnt happen. This is distressing for the child as the depressed parent is less predictable.
INFANT NEGATIVE AFFECT
Infants show the highest negative affect when with a depressed mother. Infants show less negative affect with a control or anxious mother.
INTERACTIVE REPAIR IN DEPRESSED MOTHERS:
Less likely to attempt repair of interrupted interactions. Infants of depressed mothers show self-comforting behaviours during still face.
OFFSPRING OF DEPRESSED PARENTS ARE:
More reactive to stress, amygdala levels are different, likely to expression negative cognition. Less secure and trusting, less responseive, less empathetic.
IMPLICATIONS:
Universal screening of postnatal depression.
Guidance on safety and parenting practices
Self knowledge
ROSS ET AL 2017
Comparison of rural Zambian and urban scouting infants self-awareness at 10-18 months.
Scotting children should recognise themselves in a mirror but the Zambaian children couldn’t. The Zambian children could recognise the body as an obstacle but the scottish children couldn’t.
