ADOLESCENCE Flashcards
WHAT IS ADOLESCENCE
Growing up period between childhood and maturiry 10-20
TASKS OF ADOLESCENCE
Body size and shape changing
sexuality
new ways of thinking
emotional maturity and economic independence
AGE OF PUBERTY
The age of puberty has dropped to 13 due to standard of living, health, body mass and nutrition.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS TO PUBERTY
Body image, girls are less satisfied than boys
increased hormone levels related to mood change.
WHAT ARE THE 3 PUBERTAL TIMING HYPOTHESIS:
- Stressful Change Hyp
- Off Time Hyp
- Early Timing Hyp
WHAT IS THE STRESSFUL CHANGE HYP
Stress of change can cause distress during the period of most rapid change
WHAT IS THE OFF TIME HYP
Events encountered earlier or later than expected will cause additional stress. e.g if u start your period later than your friends
WHAT IS THE EARLY TIMING HYP
Early maturation may cause inappropriate maturity demands from others causing distress.
GIRLS AT PUBERTY - CAPSI AND MOFFITT
New Zealand girls.
Found support for the early timing hypothesis, girls age 13-15 who hit puberty at 12 or younger were demonstrating the most problems
GIRLS:
Dislike maturing early. Those who do tend to be less sociable, have poor body image, low self-esteem, more likely to engage in risky behaviour and reach lower academic attainment.
BOYS:
like maturing early, gain self-esteem, more popular, likely to be leader, good natured.
late maturers are likely to be more dependent, insecure, aggressive and rebel against parents
2 competing theories:
- adolescents individuate from parents becoming more independent
- parent child relationship changes over time leading to independence with continued connectedness.
LARSON 1996 CHICAGO
Oldest adolescents spent less than half the time with family than youngest but time alone with parents did not decrease. girls have more of a dip than boys do
HAS PARENTING CHANGED
parents have become more protective and have higher expectations of their child - Gardner
PUBERTY AND IDENTITY
Puberty plays a role in provoking identity and development of self esteem, self concept and indentity formation
SELF-ESTEEM
James 1892 - high self esteem comes from good performance in domains you feel are important
Cooley 1902 - opinions of others are a large determinant of self-esteem. best friends opinion doesnt matter, peers does.
DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-CONCEPT
shift from social comparisons to standards later in life.
the older the person becomes they can understand what they are good and bad at. integrate multiple self into a unified self.
ERIK ERIKSON
Stemmed from freud.
Adolescence stage’s crisis is identity, men must achieve a stable identity before intimacy whereas women identity is defined through her intimate roles of the wife and mother.
Marcias 4 Identity Statuses:
Crisis + commitment = achievement
crisis + no commitment = moratorium
no crisis + commitment = foreclosure
non crisis + no commitment = diffusion.