NATURE VS NURTURE OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY Flashcards
WHAT ARE THE TWO APPROACHES OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGIES
- Clinical Diagnostic approach: discrete categories on the basis of DSM
- Empirical Quantitative approach: symptoms are assessed on a continuous scale, with the disorders being the extreme end of the distribution.
CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNALISING PSYCHOPATHOLOGY:
Depression and Anxiety
CLASSIFICATION OF EXTERNALISING PSYCHOPATHOLOGY:
Conduct problems, ADHD
PSYCHOPATHOLOGIES IN YOUNG CHILDREN
Very uncommon - 10-25%.
22-46% of young people experience more than once in their life.
DIZYGOTIC TWINS SHARE:
50% OF GENES
MONOZYGOTIC TWINS SHARE:
100% OF GENES
HERITABILITY (A, H2)
Influences of genetic factors on the population. Proportion of variance in a population attributable to genetic differences
HERITABILITY EQUATION:
2(rMZ-rDZ)
SHARED ENV EQUATION:
RMZ -H2
NON SHARED ENV EQUATION:
1 - rMZ
BIENVENU 2011 - HERITABILITY OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGIES:
Bipolar, Schiz, Alzheimers, Cocaine disorder and anorexia has high heritability.
ADHD is 90% heritable, depression is 30%
WHAT IS CALLOUS-UNEMOTIONAL TRAIT:
Limited empathy, lack of guilt and shallow. Children who have this later have negative outcomes in comparison to those who don’t.
GENETICS PLAYS MORE OF A ROLE IN:
Anti social behaviour with callous unemotional behaviour compared to those with just antisocial behaviour (shared env plays the role here)
WHAT IS COMORBIDITY
co-occurance of two disabilities/disorders. depression is comorbid with anxiety.
KENDLER 1992
Found the same genetic factors that play a role in depression are 100% the same as the ones that play a role in anxiety. Environment is only 51% similar.
