GENDER DEVELOPMENT

Question 1

THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO GENDER DEVELOPMENT

Answer 1

1. Biological
2. Social
3. Cognitive

Question 2

HYDE 2015

Answer 2

gender similarity hypothesis, boys and girls are more similar than different.

Question 3

GENDER DIFFERENCES TEMPERAMENT:

Answer 3

Boys are more active than girls

Question 4

GENDER DIFFERENCES COGNITIVE

Answer 4

IQ is similar for boys and girls.

girls have 4/5 month advantage in verbal development, boys eventually catch up.

Question 5

GENDER DIFFERENCES ACADEMIC

Answer 5

Girls outperform boys in every subject apart from maths which is equal.
24% of girls at least 1 A* or A, 16% boys.

Question 6

GENDER DIFFERENCES A LEVEL

Answer 6

There is no differences in A Levels. Psych for girls, business for boys.

Question 7

GENDER DIFFERENCES SOCIAL:

Answer 7

girls develop self regulation earlier than boys.
better able to resist temptation - marshmallow study
girls show more empathy than boys

Question 8

BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCE: EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH

Answer 8

Girls focus on building friendships, close relationships to make sure offspring survive by providing a nurturing nature
Boys are physically active and aggressive, helps them compete for the best mate and acquire resources for serval of family.

Question 9

BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES: HORMONES

Answer 9

congenital adrenal hyperplasia: prenatal exposure to excess androgens (masculine hormones) which leads the female fetus to be more active and rough.

Question 10

BIOLOGICAL INFLUENCES: BEHAVIOURAL GENETIC APPROACH:

Answer 10

twin study, identical twin boys were very similar with their gendered preference toy as well as girls.
the younger sibling of the twins were only slightly similar.
boys and girls are highly heritable in gendered preferences, more heritable for girls than boys

Question 11

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY - MISCHEL 1996

Answer 11

Children learn gender roles from social agents teaching them through reinforcement and modelling.

Question 12

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY - BANDURA 1999

Answer 12

Social and cog factors are incorporated. Key influences are: modelling in immediate environment, inactive experience and direct tuition.

Question 13

SOCIALISATION THEORY PROBLEMS:

Answer 13

1. Doesnt count for developmental changes in gender beliefs.
2. Modelling and reinforcement haven’t been supported by research

Question 14

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY; KOHLBERG

Answer 14

children prefer same sex toys before they have a full understanding of being a boy or a girl. this is a problem for

Question 15

STAGES OF GENDER UNDERSTANDING

Answer 15

1. Gender Identity
2. Gender stability
3. Gender Constancy

Question 16

GENDER SCHEMA THEORY

Answer 16

Counter information doesnt matter as children already have their stereotypes. Develop a schema about their own sex before the other sex. no different differences in boys and girls knowledge

Question 17

COGNTIVE THEORY PROBLEMS:

Answer 17

1. doesnt address different values of genders
   ignore social context
2. predicted relationships between gender stereotypes and behaviour is not found. Perry and Perry found toy preferences were found 6 months before children showed knowledge of gender stereotypes.