Probiotics And Prebiotics

Question 1

What are pathogens

Answer 1

Bad microorganisms

Question 2

What is classed as good intestinal health?(2)

Answer 2

When we have 85% of good microbes

Less than 15% pathogens

Question 3

Characteristics of an effective probiotic (7)

Answer 3

Non pathogenic 
Species compatibility
GI attract survival 
Good adherence 
Short generation time
Production of anti microbial agent
Good survival in foods

Question 4

Define probiotics (2)

Answer 4

Live microorganisms

That when administered in adequate amount will confer a health benefit to the host

Question 5

Predominant types of bacteria colonising the GI tract (3)

Answer 5

Lactobacillus
Bifidobacterium
Streptococcus

Question 5

The role of prebiotics

Answer 5

Favourably alter gut microflora in a similar way to probiotics

Question 6

Ideal characteristics of prebiotics (3)

Answer 6

Ability to resist digestion
Be selectively fermented by the colon bacteria
Beneficially modulate gut bacteria

Question 7

Suggested health benefits of pre/probiotics (6)

Answer 7

Cholesterol lowering
IBS
Childhood eczema 
Colorectal cancer 
Immunity 
Diarrhoea treatment

Question 8

Pre/probiotics mechanisms (7)

Answer 8

Modification of gut microflora
Stabilisation if indigenous microflora
Reduction in the duration of virus shredding
Reduction in increased gut permeability by viruses
Reduction in pathogenic bacteria - reduces inflammation
Lowering gut pH
Stimulates immune response

Question 9

Criteria of health claims (3)

Answer 9

Characterisation of the strain or each strain
Identification of health relationship to benefit general population
Demonstration of health effects on normal healthy population

Question 10

Established prebiotics

Answer 10

Oligosaccharides

Question 11

What is irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer 11

Gastrointestinal disorder

Question 12

Symptoms of IBS (3)

Answer 12

Abdominal pain
Flatulence
Irregular bowel movements

Question 13

What is eczema?

Answer 13

Chronic inflammatory disorder in children

Question 14

In which products is lactic acid bacteria used?(3)

Answer 14

Yoghurt
Cheese
Salami

Question 15

Probiotics may decrease the risk of which cancer?

Answer 15

Colorectal

Question 16

What must scientific evidence demonstrate before a health claim can be made?(4)

Answer 16

Importance of the claimed health effect
Whether a scientific cause and effect had been established between consumption and health effect
Quantity of the product to obtain claimed effect
Target population and the evidence of the effect on that population