Malnutrition

Question 1

Healthy eating must: (3)

Answer 1

Be sufficient in energy and essential nutrients
Not have excessive amounts of toxic compounds
Not lead to over nutrition and obesity

Question 2

What is food intake affected by?(4)

Answer 2

Availability
Economic limitations
Custom and dietary prejudices
Palatability and ease of preparation

Question 3

Malnutrition classification by BMI in adults (5)

Answer 3

> 20 normal 
18.5 - 20 marginal malnutrition 
17 - 18.49 mild malnutrition 
16-16.9 moderate malnutrition 
Under 16 is severe

Question 4

Symptoms of malnutrition in adults (7)

Answer 4

Fatigue
Depression 
Frequently getting infections 
Taking a long time to recover from infections 
Delayed wound healing
Poor concentration 
Difficulty keeping warm

Question 5

Phases of starvation (4)

Answer 5

Post absorptive phase
Gluconeogenic phase
Period of adaptation
Adapted starvation

Question 6

Post absorptive phase

Answer 6

No dietary energy substrates entering body

Question 7

Gluconeogenic phase

Answer 7

Last until second or third day

Question 8

Period of adaptation

Answer 8

Lasts up to 3 weeks

Question 9

Adapted starvation

Answer 9

Last until re-feeding or death

Question 10

Blood substrates during starvation (3)

Answer 10

Glucose gradually deceases
NEFAs increased
Ketones increase

Question 11

Why is malnutrition more detrimental to children?(2)

Answer 11

More sensitive to deficient intake of energy and protein

Prolonged deficiency can permanently alter development

Question 12

Classifications of malnutrition (3)

Answer 12

Weight for age (underweight)
Weight for height (wasting)
Height for age (stunting)

Question 13

Weight for age

Answer 13

Classified according to the weight of the child relative to a normal child of the same age

Question 14

Weight for height

Answer 14

Classified according to the weight of the child relative to a normal child of the same height

Question 15

Height for age

Answer 15

Classified according to height relative to a normal child of the same age

Question 16

Highest population of wasted children

Answer 16

Asia

Question 17

Which type of countries have the highest child obesity prevalence?

Answer 17

Middle income

Question 18

What percentage of death in young children are associated with malnutrition?

Answer 18

53

Question 19

Infection-malnutrition cycle (4)

Answer 19

Inadequate diet

Weight loss/growth faltering/lowered immunity

Increased indecence, severity and duration of disease

Loss of appetite/malabsorption/increased nutritional requirements

Question 20

Marasmus characteristics (6)

Answer 20

Infancy
Severe deprivation of all nutrients 
Chronic protein energy malnutrition 
No oedema
No fatty liver 
Good appetite possible

Question 21

Kwashiorkor characteristics (5)

Answer 21

Older infants 
Inadequate protein intake 
Acute PEM
Oedema 
Fatty liver 
Anorexia

Question 22

Contributing factors to kwashiorkor (5)

Answer 22

Low protein intake 
Poor adaptation of protein and lipid metabolism to food deprivation 
Genetics
Free radical damage to membranes 
Changes in gut biome

Question 23

Define healthy eating

Answer 23

Consumption of food of sufficient quantity and quality to maintain good health

Question 24

Overall causes of malnutrition can be(3):

Answer 24

Socioeconomic factors limiting food availability
Physical illness
Mental illness

Question 25

Symptoms of kwashiorkor (4)

Answer 25

Oedema
Skin rash
Enlargement of liver due to fat accumulation (hepatomegaly)
Discoloured hair

Question 26

Micronutrient deficienes

Answer 26

…

Question 27

What is the issue with using weight for age to classify malnutrition?

Answer 27

Fails to differentiate between long standing failure to grow and acute weight loss