DRVs Flashcards
What is a good nutritional status associated with (2)
Diet that supplies the required amount of nutrients
Without excessive storage
What is a poor nutritional status associated with
Intakes that are insufficient to meet requirements
What is meant by a balanced diet?(3)
All necessary nutrients are supplied in the required amounts
Variation of foods
Provides a balance between supply and demand
Supply
Any means through which nutrients are made available to meet demand
What does supply include?(3)
Intake from food
Stores of nutrients that can be mobilised within body
De novo synthesis within body
Demands
Any physiological or metabolic process that utilises nutrients
Examples of demand (6)
Energy releasing substrate Enzyme cofactor Structural component of tissues Substrate for synthesis of macromolecules A transport element Component for cell-cell signalling
Under nutrition
Demand for nutrient exceeds supply
What causes undernutrition?(2)
High demands
Low intakes
Consequences of undernutrition (2)
Malnutrition
Nutrient deficiency
What is over nutrition?
Supply of nutrient exceeds demand
What causes over nutrition (4)
Intake of foods containing the nutrient increases above demand
Inappropriate change in dietary behaviour
Intake of unnecessary supplements
Nutrient demand decreases with no dietary change
Potential consequences of over nutrition (4)
Excess storage - e.g. adipose tissue
Excess secretion may damage kidneys
May be toxic
May reduce absorption of other nutrients
Factors that influence nutrient requirements (7)
Sex Age Body comp PA Lactation Pregnancy Illness/trauma
Why are dietary standards needed?(5)
Assess the adequacy of a population’s diet
Provide guidance for individuals
Provide food labelling information
Enable government planning of food supply
Maintain good nutritional status
Define dietary reference values (DRV)
A general term which covers all figures of EAR, RNI AND LRNI
Define estimated average requirements (EAR)
The estimated average requirement of a group for a particular nutrient or energy
Reference nutrient intake (RNI) (3)
The amount of a nutrient (mean + SD) which is sufficient for almost all individuals
It exceeds the requirements of most people
Lower reference nutrient intake (LRNI) (2)
The amount of a nutrient (mean - SD) which is sufficient for only a few individuals
What are DRVs poorly suited for?
Assessing diets of individuals
What are DRVs useful for?(2)
Assessing diets of populations
Food labelling purposes
What are safe intakes
Level of intake that is considered to be a low risk for deficiency and/or toxicity
When are safe intakes used?
If there is too little data to set typical DRVs
Examples of nutrients that have been set safe intakes (2)
Biotin
Pantothenic acid
Define nutritional status
The state of an individual’s health in relation to the nutrients in their diet and availability within their body
% of total energy from dietary fats (3)
Sat fats: 10
Trans fats: 2
Total fats: 35%
% of total energy from carbs (2)
Free sugars: 5
Total carbs: 50
Guidelines for healthy eating (6)
Base meals on starchy foods At least 5 fruit and veg a day Eat more fish Cut down on sat fat and sugar Eat less salt Don't get thirsty
How much water should we drink daily?(2)
6 to 8 glasses of water
1.6 to 2L
How much alcohol should men and women drink a day
Women - 2-3 units
Men - 3-4 units
How many alcohol free days should there be?
2-3
Maximum sugars intake per day for 4-6 year old (2)
19g
3-5 teaspoons
Maximum sugars intake per day for 7-10 year old (2)
24g
4-6 teaspoons
Maximum sugars intake per day for 11 years and above (2)
30g
5-7 teaspoons
