Probiotics

Question 1

probiotics can only be delivered orally?

Answer 1

false can also be topical

Question 2

TF: probiotics can be introducing members of commensal microbiota?

Answer 2

false

not typical members, they’re being introduced

Question 3

what is a probiotic?

Answer 3

live organisms (bacteria or yeast) which when administered in adequate amounts, confer a beneficial effect on the overall health of the host

Question 4

TF: a probiotic has to be a bacteria?

Answer 4

false can be a yeast also

Question 5

6 ways probiotics work?

Answer 5

colonisation resistance 
maintain barrier function 
enhance microbe flora 
innate/ adaptive immunomodulation 
modulation fo signal transduction 
metabolic effects

Question 6

explain colonisation resistance?

Answer 6

probiotics take up space and nutrients therefore exclude potential pathogens- cant attach to the epithelia

Question 7

explain the metabolic effects of probiotics?

Answer 7

similar to colonisation

makes bacteriocins and lactic acids- decrease pH- inhospitable for certain pathogens

Question 8

probiotics cause a ____ in pH

Answer 8

drop

Question 9

effects of probiotics on barrier function

Answer 9

increase expression of genes associated with tight junction regulation= more selective barrier
increase mucus production and can repair barrier function

Question 10

2 typical probiotic species?

Answer 10

bifidobacterium spp

lactobacillus spp

Question 11

bifidobacterium respiration?

Answer 11

obligate anaerobe

Question 12

shape of bifidobacterium

Answer 12

should be a rod but divides into two parts- looks more fungal

Question 13

what does bifidobacterium produce when it ferments carbohydrates

Answer 13

lactic acid

Question 14

lactobacillus gram stain and shape

Answer 14

gram positive rods

Question 15

where can lactobacillus be found?

Answer 15

vagina, gut, mouth

Question 16

how does lactobacillus make a site more inhospitable to a pathogen?

Answer 16

reduces the pH