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Microbiology > Influenza viruses > Flashcards

Influenza viruses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is influenza?

A

acute respiratory illness

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2
Q

is influenza infectious?

A

highly

can spread rapidly from person to person

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3
Q

TF: adults shed the virus for longer than children and are less unwell

A

false

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4
Q

how many strains are there? how do they differ?

A

3: ABC

in severity

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5
Q

which type of influenza is most significant and why

A

type A
it changes strain
meanest of the flu viruses

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6
Q

what does type A infection

A

birds and other animals as well as humans

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7
Q

what does type B and C infect

A

humans only

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8
Q

which type causes pandemics

A

type A

B and C don’t

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9
Q

where did influenza A come from?

A

the bird

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10
Q

why are strains which start in birds hard to trace

A

don’t produce symptoms in birds

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11
Q

onset of influenza

A

sudden and makes you very unwell

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12
Q

symptoms of influenza

A 
fever 
headaches 
muscle aches 
severe weakness 
respiratory symptoms
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13
Q

how does influenza spread?

A

person to person through coughing and sneezing

also touching something that has it on then touching your face

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14
Q

what does antigenic shift result in

A

seasonal changes which our immune system don’t recognise

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15
Q

what makes some years worse than others

A

degree of shift

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16
Q

how can we predict what the next years flu will be like

A

looking at other sides of the world who have their winters at different times

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17
Q

what is an influenza pandemic? who has immunity

A

new again strain acquires the ability to infect people and spread easily
has to be something never seen before
no one has immunity

18
Q

2 ways in which influenza pandemics can occur?

A

reassortment

mutation

19
Q

what is reassortment?

A

an exchange of seasonal and avian influenza genes in a person or pig infected with BOTH strains

20
Q

what is mutation?

A

an avian strain becomes more transmissible through adaptive mutation

21
Q

what major change in the virus causes occur in mutation and reassortment

A

changes in the surface antigens

22
Q

TF: pandemic flue most often cause severe disease in the very young, the very old and those with chronic illnesses over seasonal flu?

A

false- seasonal flu does

23
Q

what age range had the highest mortality rate in the 1918-19 pandemic? why?

A

20-40 years

good inflammatory response- harmed the lungs and made them die

24
Q

spanish flu HN?

A

H1N1

25
Q

asian flu HN?

A

H2N2

26
Q

hong kong flu? HN

A

H3N2

27
Q

H stands for?

N stands for?

A

Hemagglutinin

neuraminidase

28
Q

role of H and N

A

H: allows it to stick to the cell
N: enzyme which helps it invade

29
Q

why shouldn’t we overly panic at a peak?

A

peak will always come back down

30
Q

waves typical last how long

A

6-8 weeks

31
Q

time of gaps between waves?

A

weeks or months

32
Q

TF subsequent waves are be worse than the first

A

not necessarily

but they can be

33
Q

what is the concern with H7N9 which has occurred in china recently?

A

highly lethal for us but cant trace it in birds

asymptomatic in birds

34
Q

how can control of H7N9 been achieved

A

closing of live poultry markets

35
Q

what can be done to slow the spread of a pandemic (3 points)

A

vaccine- later in pandemic
antivirals (controversial)
disease containment measures

36
Q

antivirals tend to only work if

A

you receive them in the first 2 days

37
Q

how long does it take to develop a vaccine?

A

3-4 months

38
Q

why do antivirals need to be given in the first 2 days?

A

viral resistance to neuraminidase is inevitable

39
Q

4 disease containment measures?

A

isolation
quarantine
self shielding
social distancing

40
Q

other methods to reduce transmission

A 
hand hygiene 
respiratory hygiene 
cleaning surfaces 
physical barriers 
PPE

Microbiology (19 decks)

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