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Principles of Steam Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

the term energy is defined as?

A

the capacity for producing effect

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2
Q

what is the definition of mechanical energy?

A

energy associated with large bodies or objects

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3
Q

what is the definition of thermal energy?

A

energy associated with very small particles called molecules

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4
Q

what is the definition of chemical energy?

A

energy that arises from the forces that bind the atoms together in a molecule

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5
Q

what is potential energy?

A

energy at rest; stored energy

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6
Q

kinetic energy is defined as?

A

energy in motion, producing work

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7
Q

combustion is an example of what type of energy?

A

chemical energy

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8
Q

thermal energy in transition is termed?

A

work

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9
Q

what are the two forms of mechanical energy?

A

mechanical potential and mechanical kinetic energy

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10
Q

what is mechanical potential energy measured in?

A

foot-pounds

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11
Q

what is the potential energy of an object that weighs 5 pounds and is held 20 feet off earth?

A

100 foot-pounds

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12
Q

potential energy equals what?

A

work times distance ( W X D) = PE

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13
Q

force times distance (F X D) equals?

A

Work

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14
Q

what is the definition of power?

A

the rate at which work is done

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15
Q

power is measured in what common unit?

A

horsepower

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16
Q

one horsepower is equivalent to what?

A

33,000 foot pounds of work per minute or 350 foot pounds of work per second

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17
Q

A 3 horsepower engine generates how many foot pounds per second?

A

1650

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18
Q

what is the horsepower generated, if an engine is producing 5, 500 foot pounds of work per second?

A

10 horsepower

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19
Q

what are two forms of stored thermal energy?

A

internal potential energy and internal kinetic energy

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20
Q

what unit is heat measured in?

A

British thermal unit (BTU)

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21
Q

what is defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water through 1 degree on the Fahrenheit scale?

A

1 British thermal unit (BTU)

22
Q

how many calories equal 1 BTU?

A

approximately 252

23
Q

what is defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1 degree on the Celsius scale?

A

calorie (cal)

24
Q

what are the three types of heat transfer?

A

conduction; radiation; convention

25
Q

what is the mode of heat transfer by which heat flows form a hotter to a colder substance when there is physical contact between the two substances?

A

conduction

26
Q

what is the mode of heat transfer that does not require any physical contact between the warmer substance and the cooler substance?

A

radiation

27
Q

what type of heat transfer is generated by the sun as it heats the earth without heating space?

A

radiation

28
Q

what is the mode of heat transfer that occurs by transmission of heat by the circulation of a liquid or a gas such as air?

A

convection

29
Q

what are the three basic physical states of all matter?

A

solid, liquid and gases

30
Q

what are the two effects that the flow of heat has on a substance?

A

sensible and latent

31
Q

sensible heat is defined as?

A

when the flow of heat is reflected in temperature change and not in a change in physical state

32
Q

latent heat is defined as?

A

when the flow of heat is not reflected in a temperature change but is reflected in the changing physical state of a substance

33
Q

to change a pound of ice at 32 degrees F. to a pound of water at 32 degrees F., we must add how many BTU?

A

144

34
Q

what is the term associated with a substance that changes from a gas or vapor to a liquid?

A

latent heat of condensation

35
Q

what is the definition of specific heat?

A

a thermal property of matter that must be determined experimentally for each substance

36
Q

how is the principle of the conversation of energy most simply stated?

A

energy in = energy out

37
Q

what is the formula for converting heat to work?

A

1 BTU = 778 foot-pounds

38
Q

thermal energy of main steam is transformed to mechanical energy at what point in the basic steam cycle?

A

high and low pressure turbines

39
Q

fuel oil used in the boiler is considered what type of energy?

A

chemical

40
Q

when a vapor is in contact with the liquid from which it was generated, it remains the same temperature as the boiling liquid. in this condition the liquid and the vapor are said to be in?

A

equilibrium contact

41
Q

the temperature at which a liquid boils under pressure is called the saturation temperature, and the corresponding pressure is called what?

A

saturation pressure

42
Q

atmospheric pressure is expressed as?

A

14 psi at sea level and lesser at higher altitudes

43
Q

what term is used when the water and steam reach a point that they are no longer indistinguishable from each other, and no further changes in state can occur with the addition of heat or pressure?

A

critical point

44
Q

steam which has been heated above its saturation temperature for any give pressure is called what?

A

superheated steam

45
Q

the amount by which the temperature of the superheated steam exceeds the temperature of the saturated steam at the same pressure is know as what?

A

degree of superheat

46
Q

if saturated steam at a pressure of 1200 psig and the corresponding saturation temperature of 567 degrees F. is superheated to 900 degrees F., what is the degree of superheat?

A

333 degrees F

47
Q

what is the saturation pressure for water at a saturation temperature of 212 degrees F.?

A

14.7 psi

48
Q

the changing of steam to condensate in the main condenser is an example of what heat effect?

A

latent heat of condensation

49
Q

the circulation in a natural circulation boiler is an example of what heat effect?

A

natural convection

50
Q

when the main feed pump discharges feed water toward the boiler, the feed water is transported by what kind of heat transfer?

A

forced convention

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