Fuel Oil and Lube Oil Flashcards
what is the primary fuel used in all shipboard power plants?
Fuel, Naval Distillate (F-76)
who must be notified for technical advice as soon as possible when using emergency substitute fuel?
Type Commander (TYCOM) or Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEASYSCOM)
what is the total quantity of fuel needed to conduct the Bottom Sediment and Water (BS&W) test?
100 milliliters per centrifuge tube for a total of 200 milliliters
what is the minimum temperature at which the fuel oil BS&W test is to be performed?
60 degrees F
what is the required centrifuge revolutions per minute (RPM), when conducting the fuel BS&W test?
about 1500 revolutions per minute (RPM)
how is the BS&W reading recorded from the centrifugal tubes?
the readings shall be a direct percentage of water and sediment read from the tube
what is the proper procedure, if the readings from the two tubes differ?
the readings shall be added together and divided by two to determine the BS&W
what type of fuel oil test uses the Pensky Martin closed cup tester?
flashpoint
what is the purpose of filtering the fuel through filter paper, when conducting the flashpoint test?
to remove all water
what is the required length of the test flame on the flashpoint tester, when conducting testing?
a millimeters (mm) or 5/32 inch
the temperature is raised at what rate, when performing the flashpoint test?
9 degrees F to 11 degrees F per minute
at what temperature is the test flame applied to the sample, when conducting the flashpoint test?
when the temperature of the sample is not higher than 30 degrees F. below the expected flashpoint temperature
after the test flame is applied, what is the rate at which the temperature is increased?
in 2 degrees F. increments until flashpoint is achieved
what is the minimum flashpoint of F-76?
140 degrees F
what is the minimum flashpoint of JP-5 (F-44)?
140 degrees F
the flashpoint tester stirring mechanism rates at what speed?
90 to 120 revolutions per minute (RPM)
the thermometer used for flashpoint testing has. orange of what?
20 to 230 degrees F
what fuel oil test uses a hydrometer?
API gravity
when conducting an API gravity test, how is the hydrometer read?
after the hydrometer is released in the sample, adequate time must be allotted for the hydrometer to reach equilibrium, once equilibrium is reached the reading is recorded
what is the standard temperature for determining volume on all petroleum products?
60 degrees F
the term clear refers to what, when applied to fuel oil samples?
free of solid particulate
the term bright refers to what, when applied to fuel oil samples?
free of water
how long is the sample bottle inverted, when conducting fuel oil clear and bright observations?
minimum of one minute
what is the minimum amount of times that the sample bottle is inverted, during clear and bright observations?
3 times
during clear and bright observations, you notice a cloud in the sample bottle that disappears at the top of the bottle, what is this an indication of?
water is present
what is the range of the thermometer used in the API gravity testing?
-5 to plus 215 degrees F
what is the volume of the graduated cylinder that is used for BS&W testing?
100 milliliters (ml)
in order to standardize the Navy terminology with the North Atlantic Treaty (NATO), Naval distillate fuel has been given what code number?
F-76
more information concerning fuels and substitute fuels can be found in what publication?
NSTM 541
what term is defined as the lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off suffiecient vaporto form a flammable mixture with air above the liquid surface?
flashpoint
the term wicking is defined as?
fuel drawn onto an absorbent solid material that can be ignited
if fuel is obtained from outside the military supply system, the greatest concern from a safety standpoint is what?
flashpoint
naval distillate lower pour point fuel is given what NATO symbol?
F-75
what fuel is used by Navies operating in colder climates?
F-75
JP-5 is hwta type of fuel?
turbine fuel, avaiation
heating value of fuel is measured by what?
BTU’s per pound or per gallon
the lowest temperature at which vapor remains burning after flashing is called what?
fire point
viscosity is defined as what?
the measurement of resistance to flow
what device is used to determine viscosity?
viscometer
what type of viscometer is commonly used to determine fuel oil and lube oil viscosity?
saybolt viscometer
what term is defined as the lowest temperature at which fuel will flow when it is chilled under prescribed conditions?
pour point
when fuel is mixed with water, the two liquids usually separate upon standing. this ability to separate is termed what?
demulsification
how often are bilges inspected for fuel accumulation?
twice daily
how are oily waste and rags stored onboard ship?
in steel oil-tight containers with self-closing covers until disposal can be accomplished in a manner estbalished by the commanding officer
no person shall enter a tank known or suspected to contain fuel or fuel vapors at any time without first having secured permission from whom?
Commanding Officer and Gas Free Engineer
how often are fuel tanks emptied to reduce heavy sludge deposits?
at least every 12 months
the fueling-at-sea hose is tested at what hydrostatic pressure?
200 psi
how long must hydrostatic pressure be maintained on the fueling-at-se hose?
a minimum of 5 minutes
what is the required fluid that is used for hydrostatic testing of the fueling-at-sea hose?
water
what fueling system has been adopted by NATO as the standard method for refueling at sea?
Probe fueling system
what is the required rleative force of the centrifuge, when conducting the fuel oil BS&W test?
between 500 and 800 relative centrifugal force (RCF)
prior to receiving fuel, a fuel analysis is required to show what specification?
API gravity, flashpoint, and water & sediment
in what publication would you find a listing of applicable Foreign material commercial source fuel supplies?
NAVPETOFFNOTE 4295
when fuel is received from a fuel contractor, what is the required sediment and water content?
.01 percent
at what frequency are visual samples taken during refueling operations?
every 15 minutes
what is maximum BS&W content of fuel received from Navy sources?
.1 percent maximum
what is used to test fuel oil 24 hours after receiving the fuel?
water indicating paste
steam propelled ships shall take water indicating pastecuts on idle fuel tanks at what periodicity?
monthly
on steam propelled ships, all fuel oil service tanks are tested prior to use for what?
Sediment and water (BS&W)
before trasnferring fuel from fuel oil storage tanks to ships fuel oil service tanks the fuel must be tested for what?
Sediment and water (BS&W)
when stripping fuel oil tanks, the system is alligned to draw off how many gallon of fuel?
150 to 300 gallons
who must authorize the dischage of ballast water to the sea?
Commanding officer
discharge of all ballast water must be in accordance with what publication?
NSTM 593, pollution control
what tanks provide stability at sea, torpedo protection, and flooding control during underwater damage?
fuel oil ballast tanks
what is the liquid medium used to ballast tanks?
seawater
fuel oil storage are filled to what percentage and maintained at what percentage at all times?
95 percent
what does tank free surafce contribute to?
causes a reduction in stability and makes a ship more sensitive to heeling moments
ovreboard discharge of fuel contamination shall not be undertaken within how many nautical miles from shore?
50 miles
what is the rated capacity of a fuel tank?
95 percent of total capacity as computed after allowance has been made for all obstructions in the compartment
fuel tank air escape outlets are fitted with removable flash screens consisting of an inner screen of what dimension?
40 mesh
overboard overflows are fitted with a check valve to prevent back flow of what?
water from the sea
how often are overflow line valves that are accesible without entering the tank, inspected and cleaned?
annually
one fuel oil service tabk per comparment must be inspected at what interval?
every 18 months
what type of strainer consits of one or more cylindrically shaped fine mesh screens or perforated metal?
simplex strainer
what type of strainer is constructed to house two single element filters?
duplex strainer
what is the maximum allowable pressure drop across a fuel oil duplex strainer when online?
3 percent
how often is the pressure drop across a duplex strainer monitored?
at least each watch
what must be done daily, to knife edge type strainers, while online?
rotate the cleaning handle and clean the strainer
what type of strainer is prohibited for use in the fuel oil system?
inline or cone type
what type of sample must be drawn prior to starting any steam driven, turbine equipment?
lube oil
what is the minimum allowable temperature of the oil supplied to the reduction gears before jacking over the gears?
90 degrees F
if lube oil pressure at the pump increases suddenly, what is the probable cause?
clogged strainer
turbine line shaft bearings and thrust bearings are designed to use what type of lubricating oil?
2190 TEP
what is the required outlet temperature range to the bearings, during normal operation?
120 to 130 degrees F
what publication covers specific lube oil testing requirements?
NSTM 262
the viscosity loss in a journal bearinng is directly proportion to what?
viscosity of the oil in the bearing
what is the lube oil cooler outlet temperature maintained at?
120 to 130 degrees F
what must be done to lube oil coolers that are idle for more than 24 hours?
drain the seawater side
what causes lube oil to break down prematurely?
water in the lube oil
what is the required information on alube oil sample bottle label?
equipment, oil type, date, time
lube oils are taken at intervals specified by what?
planned maintenance system (PMS), and engineering operating sequencing system (EOSS)
idle line shaft bearing lube oil must be sampled within what periodicity?
Weekly
what is the lube oil sampling frequency on operating machinery?
daily
when conducting a lube oil transparency test, what is failure criteria?
if the printed words on the PMS card cannot be read
what test is performed to dterminewater and sediment content of lube oil?
BS&W
who must be informed if the lube oil sample fails transparency testing?
engineering officer of the watch
what is the volume of the pear-shaped centrifuge tubes, used for centrifuge testing of lube oil?
100 milliliters (ml)
what is the quantity of Biotek Hi-Solvent used per centrifuge tube, when conducting the lube oil BS&W test?
50 milliliters (ml)
when is hot water bath required?
when the sample is cloudy after sitting for 1/2 hour
prior to start lube oil samples are good for how long?
24 hours
when placing a stopper in the centrifuge tube, what is the recommended covering for the stopper?
cellophane
prior to inserting the centrifuge tube in the centrifuge, how many times must you invert the tube, to ensure complete mixing?
at least 5 times
after completion of the centrifuge test, how is the pear-shaped centrifuge tube read for lube oil sediment and water?
add the readings of the two tubes together to obtain the percentage of BS&W
what does a lube oil BS&W warning condition mean?
BS&W exceeds .2 percent but is less than or equal to .4 percent
how long can equipment be operated in the BS&W lube oil warning range?
maximum of 7 days from the date of the contamination
should an operational necessity exist, who can authorize the continued operation of the equipment past the 7 day warning limit for lube oil?
commanding officer
what constitutes a satisfactory lube oil BS&W test?
if theres is less than or equal to .1 percent sediment and the combined BS&W is less than or equal to .2 percent
if the combined lube oil BS&W exceeds .4 percent or if the sediment exceeds .1 percent at any BS&W level, the lube oil is said to be in what limitation?
condemning limit
the centrifuge is operated in what time intervals, during centrifuge testing?
30 minute intervals
what is the required speed of the centrifuge during lube oil BS&W testing?
1500 revolutions per minute (RPM)
main engine purifiers should be run periodically everyday while steaming for a period of how many hoursper day?
12 hours (good engineering practice)
when heating a lube oil sample in the water bath, what is the temperature to which samples is heated?
120 degrees F
if the lube oil becomes clear and bright upon hearing, the sample is said to be?
satisfactory for use
how long must a lube oil sample be allowed to settle after being taken to be observed for clear and bright criteria?
30 minutes
what is the size of the lube oil sample bottle?
8 ounce square bottle
what must be done if a lube oil sample contains free water?
a BS&W test must be performed
oil that is to be discarded shall be deposited into what?
oily waste holding tank
what type of rags must be used to wipe the inside of a lube oil tank, abearing, or any lubrication system part?
lint-free
how often is spring bearing lube oil level and temperature checked while in operation?
hourly
what does the 2 in 2190 TEP lube oil stand for?
class or series of oil
what does the 190 in 2190 TEP lube oil mean?
viscosity at testing temperature
what does the TEP stand for in 2190 TEP?
indicates that the oil contains additives for special purposes
during refueling, when are fuel oil BS&W tests conducted?
at the beginning, midpoint and end
because of the importance of good quality lubricating oil, what program was established?
lube oil quality management (LOQM) program
what act prohibits the discharge of oil or water having oil in it into the sea within 50 miles of any land and establishes prohibited zones?
oil pollution control act of 1961
what act prohibits any person to discharge oil from any water borne vessel or onshore or offshore facility into upon certain waters, and establishes restrictions within the contiguous zone?
Federal water pollution control act of 1970
what is the contiguous zone?
12 miles from the baseline from which territorial sea is measured
all oil spills that produce a visible sheen in the United States navigable waters and the contiguous zone mustbe reported immediately to whom?
commander of local Coast Guard district
what instruction outlines the provisions of the Federal Law that deals with pollution control?
OPNAVINST 5090.1
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act was amended in what year?
1970
if oil is spilled between two ships, how can this spillage be effectively contained until help arrives?
by directing fire gose streams into both ends of the slick to keep it from moving
what Naval ships technical manual covers pollution control procedures?
NSTM 593
