Boiler water/ feedwater Flashcards
what does the term distillate refer to?
eveaporated water that is discharged from the ships distilling plant
where is distillate stored?
in the reserve feed tanks
in shipss equpied with demineralizers, the water entering from any tank is called reserve feedwater, while the water flowing out of the demineralizer to the condensate system is called?
makeup feedwater
after steam has done its work, it is returned to the liquid state by cooling in a condenser, what is this liquid termed?
condensate
what are the principle sources of condensate?
main and auxiliary condensers
a properly deaerating feed tank (DFT) will maintain the dissolved oxygen content at or below what level?
15 parts per billion
boiler water is defined as?
the feedwater as it enters the boiler steam drum
if a boiler is producing steam at about 50 percent of its capacity, the dissolved and suspended materials brought into the boiler with the feedwater will concentrate in the boiler at what rate per hour?
10 fold per hour
what effect will an excess of hydrogen ions have on boiler water?
increase in acidity
a PH of seven is defined as
Neutral
what effect will an excessive amount of hydroxyl ions have on boiler water?
alkalinity will increase
a hydroxyl ion is represented by what?
OH-
a hydrogen ion is represented by what?
H+
what is the initial reaction that takes place between pure oxygen-free water and the iron in the boiler water after light off?
formation of a magnetite layer
what function does the magnetite layer serve?
to passivate the tube metal and reduce corrosion to minimum
what are the two major hardness consituents and the primary sources of scale in boilers and feed system heat exchange equipment?
calcium and magnesium
what type of deposits act as insulators and reduce the heat transfer across any surface?
scale
because of very high furnace temperatures, modern naval boilers can tolerate no more than a few thousandths of an inch of scale on tube surfaces without suffering what?
tube ruptures
what determines the amount of oxygen that will dissolve in water?
surface pressure and temperature
when dissolved oxygen enters the boiler water, it causes what type of corrosion?
localized (pitting) corrosion
as the alkalinity of the boiler water decreases, the severity of dissolved oxygen attack does what?
increases
boiler watersides which are open to the atmosphere are subject to what type of corrosion?
dissolved oxygen
chloride is an indication of what type of contamination?
seawater
chloride is an aggressive ion which which causes dissolution of what protective layer?
magnetite
the ability of liquid to conduct an electric current is called what?
conductivity
conductivity is expressed in?
micromhos per centimeter (umhos/cm)
electrolytic corrosion depends upon the presence of what?
anodes and cathodes
what will an excessive high conductivity cause?
carryover
how are dissolved and suspended solids controlled in a steaming boiler?
by blowdowns
which carryover is caused by excessive amounts of of dissolved and suspended solids?
foaming
what is the primary source of silica contamination?
poor quality shore source feedwater
what is the maximum silica content of shore source feedwater?
.20 parts per million (PPM)
Desiccant is mostly comprised of what material?
silica gel or silicate
what type of deposits are formed in the boiler, when the boiler water is contaminated with oil?
carbonaceous deposits
what effect does seawater have on boiler water?
decreases alkalinity which could lead to an acid corrosion
shore water causes alkalinity to?
increase
what type of corrosion is caused by shore water contamination
caustic corrosion
what will a malfunctioning or improperly operating DFT cause?
dissolved oxygen corrosion
why is the hydrazine added to the condensate/ feedwater system?
to reduce corrosion in the pre-boiler system
where is hydrazine introduced into the system?
deaerating feed tank
what are the three treatment chemicals used to batch treat the boilers under?
trisodium phosphate (TSP), disodium phosphate (DSP), and Caustic soda
what effect does trisodium phosphate (TSP) have on boiler water?
increases alkalinity, phosphate and conductivity
what effect does disodium phosphate (DSP) have on boiler water?
increases phosphate and conductivitu
what effect does caustic soda have on boiler water?
increases alkalinity and conductivity
sludge in boiler water is an agglomeration of what?
reaction products of boiler water treatment chemicals with calcium and magnesium contaminants
how is sludge removed from the boiler?
by bottom blowdown
what type of blowdown serves the purpose of reducing the amounts of materials dissolved in the boiler water?
surface blowdown
virtually all chemical hideout in naval boilers occurs following what four events?
acid cleaning, EDTA cleaning, a contamination incident
hard deposits can only be removed by what type of cleaning?
acid cleaning
who is the only authority that can authorize acid cleaning?
NAVSEA
what is the purpose of conducting daily salinity indicator comparison?
to ensure that the salinity indicator is properly functioning
what does the acronym SI mean?
Salinity indicator
what is the maximum allowable tolerance for the daily salinity indicator comparison test?
plus or minus .02 equivalent per million (EPM)
the maximum final distillate salinity indicator reading is?
.065 equivalent per million (EPM)
what is the maximum chloride limit for reserve feedwater?
.10 equivalent per million (EPM)
what is the maximum salinity indicator reading on an auxiliary condenser?
.02 equivalent per million (EPM)
what is the boiler water phosphate test measured in?
Parts per million (PPM)
what is the maximum conductivity reading on the inlet of the demineralizer?
15 microhms per centimeter (umhos/cm)
what is the maximum chloride limit for final distillate?
.07 equivalent per million (EPM)
ships equipped with chelant continuous injection systems shall maintain the feedwater hydrazine level at what range?
10-40 PPB
when a salinity indicator is malfunctioning, what action must be taken?
sample and test the effected salinity indicator every 4 hours until the cell is restored
what is the maximum hardness limit for reserve feedwater?
.10 equivalent per million (EPM)
the deaerating feed tank (DFT) is sampled and chemically tested for dissolved oxygen at what interval?
prior to feeding the boiler, 2 to 3 hours after the boiler is on-line, and daily thereafter while on-line
the dissolved oxygen content of the deaerated feedwater shall not exceed what limit?
15 parts per billion (PPB)
what is the required PH limit for shore steam?
8.0-9.5 PH units
what is the maximum allowable conductivity of shore steam?
25 microhms per centimeter (umhos/cm)
what is the required PH of shore source processed feedwater?
5.4 to 8.2 PH units
what is the maximum silica content of shore steam?
.20 parts per million (PPM)
when are idle reserve feed tanks sampled?
daily, when not in use for more than 24 hours
what is the maximum allowable salinity indiactor reading for evaporator air ejector drains?
.065 EPM
what is the alkalinity range for a boiler with the Chelant system installed?
.100 to 1.000 EPM
what is the phosphate range for a boiler with the chelant system installed?
10 to 40 parts per million (PPM)
what is the maximum allowable conductivity reading on a boiler with Chelant?
500 microhms per centimeter (umhos/cm)
what is the maximum allowable difference between measure conductivity and the continous conductivity reading?
10 percent
how often is the continuous conductivity reading taken?
hourly
who takes the continuous reading hourly?
fireroom personnel
what is the maximum chloride limit on all naval boilers?
1.00 equivalent per million (EPM)