Principles Of Pharm

Question 0

Act that classifies certain medications with potential of abuse into five categories (schedules). Also know as the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act)

Answer 0

Controlled Substances Act of 1970

Question 1

The United States Food and Drug Administration was given enforcement authority for rules requiring that new drugs were safe and pure under the __________________ Act in ____

Answer 1

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1938)

Question 2

High abuse potential; no recognized medical purpose

Answer 2

Schedule 1

Question 3

High abuse potential; legitimate medical purpose

Answer 3

Schedule 2

Question 4

Lower potential for abuse than schedule 2 medications

Answer 4

Schedule 3

Question 5

Examples of schedule 1 medication classifications considered controlled substances

Answer 5

Heroin, marijuana, LSD

Question 6

Examples of schedule 2 medication classifications

Answer 6

Fentanyl, methylphenidate, cocaine

Question 7

Types of schedule 3 medication classifications

Answer 7

Hydrocodone, acetaminophen with codeine, ketamine

Question 8

Types of schedule 4 medication classifications

Answer 8

Diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan)

Question 9

Types of schedule 5 medication classification

Answer 9

Narcotic cough medicines

Question 10

Medications made completely in a laboratory setting

Answer 10

Synthetic

Question 11

Medications made from chemicals derived from plant, animal, or mineral sources that have been chemically modified in a laboratory setting

Answer 11

Semisynthetic

Question 12

Examples of sources of medication from plants

Answer 12

Atropine, Aspirin, Digoxin, Morphine

Question 13

Examples of sources of medication from animals

Answer 13

Heparin, Antivenom, Thyroid preparations, Insulin

Question 14

Examples of sources of medications from microorganisms

Answer 14

Streptokinase, numerous antibiotics

Question 15

Examples of sources medications from minerals

Answer 15

Iron, Magnesium sulfate, Lithium, Phosphorus, Calcium

Question 16

The biochemical and physiologic effects and mechanism of action of a medication in the body

Answer 16

Pharmacodynamics

Question 17

The fate of medications in the body, such as distribution and elimination

Answer 17

Pharmacokinetics

Question 18

The group of medications that initiates or alters a cellular activity by attaching to receptor sites, prompting a cellular response. (Speeds up activity)

Answer 18

Agonist medications

Question 19

The group of medications that prevent endogenous or exogenous agonist chemicals from reaching cell receptor sites and initiating or altering a particular cellular activity (blocks activity) (Narcan)

Answer 19

Antagonist medications

Question 20

The ability of medication to bind with a particular receptor site

Answer 20

Affinity

Question 21

In a pharmacologic context, the concentration of medication at which initiation or alteration of cellular activity begins

Answer 21

Threshold level

Question 22

Agonist effect of Alpha receptor -1

Answer 22

Vasoconstriction of arteries and veins

Question 23

Agonist effect of Alpha receptor -2

Answer 23

Insulin restriction, Glucagon secretion, Inhibition of norepinephrine release

Question 24

Agonist effect of receptor Beta 1

Answer 24

Increase heart rate (chronotropic effect) Increased myocardial contractility (inotropic effect) Increased myocardial conduction (dromotropic effect) Renin secretion for urinary retention

Question 25

Agonist effect of receptor Beta 2

Answer 25

Bronchus and bronchiole relaxation Insulin secretion Uterine relaxation Arterial dilation in certain key organs

Question 26

Agonist effect in receptor Dopaminergic

Answer 26

Vasodilation of renal and mesenteric arteries

Question 27

Agonist effect of receptor Nicotine

Answer 27

Present at neuromuscular junction, allowing acetylcholine to stimulate muscle contraction

Question 28

Agonist effect of receptor Muscarinic 2

Answer 28

Present in the heart; activated by ACh to offset sympathetic stimulation, decreasing heart rate, contractility, and electrical conduction velocity

Question 29

The percentage of the unchanged medication that reaches systemic circulation

Answer 29

Bioavailability

Question 30

The movement of a solvent, such as water, from an area of low solute concentration to one high concentration through a selectively permeable membrane to equalize concentrations of a solute on both sides of the membrane

Answer 30

Osmosis

Question 31

Use of hydrostatic pressure to force water or dissolved particles through a semipermeable membrane

Answer 31

Filtration

Question 32

A process in which medication molecules temporarily attach to proteins in the blood plasma, significantly altering medication distribution in the body

Answer 32

Plasma protein binding

Question 33

Many medications undergo some degree of chemical change by the body, known as

Answer 33

Biotransformation

Question 34

A process with four possible effects on a medication absorbed into the body

Answer 34

Biotransformation

Question 35

Effects of biotransformation

Answer 35

- An inactive substance can become active, capable of producing desired or unwanted clinical effects - active meds can be changed into another type of active med - active med may be completely or partially inactive - a medication is transformed into a substance that is easier for the body to eliminate

Question 36

A medication that has undergone biotransformation and is able to alter a cellular process or body function

Answer 36

Active metabolite

Question 37

A medication that has undergone biotransformation and now is no longer able to alter a cell process or body function; not pharmacologically active

Answer 37

Inactive metabolite

Question 38

The time needed in an average person for metabolism or elimination of 50% of a substance in the plasma

Answer 38

Half-life